Voltch: Difference between revisions
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Personal pronouns | |+ Personal pronouns | ||
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Possessive | ! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Possessive !! Reflexive | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1S | ! 1S | ||
| ic || mec || mei || mijn | | ic || mec || mei || mijn || meizealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2SI | ! 2SI | ||
| duu || dec || dei || dijn | | duu || dec || dei || dijn || deizealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SM | ! 3SM | ||
| hei || heen || him || his | | hei || heen || him || his || himzealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SF | ! 3SF | ||
| höü || höü || heer || heer | | höü || höü || heer || heer || heerzealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SN | ! 3SN | ||
| hit || hit || him || his | | hit || hit || him || his || himzealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1D | ! 1D | ||
| wit || oonk || oonk || oonker | | wit || oonk || oonk || oonker || oonkzealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2D | ! 2D | ||
| jit || jeenk || jeenk || jeenker | | jit || jeenk || jeenk || jeenker || jeenkzealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1P | ! 1P | ||
| wei || uus || uus || uur | | wei || uus || uus || uur || uuszealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2P/F | ! 2P/F | ||
| jei || jöü || jöü || jöür | | jei || jöü || jöü || jöür || jöüzealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3P | ! 3P | ||
| hij || hij || höm || höar | | hij || hij || höm || höar || hömzealf | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,123: | Line 1,123: | ||
In summary, a verb is formed as follows: ''subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + tense-specific form of verb'' | In summary, a verb is formed as follows: ''subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + tense-specific form of verb'' | ||
--> | --> | ||
====Examples of verbs | ====Examples of strong verbs==== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" | |+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3) | ||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ||
| colspan="3"| zeengen | | colspan="3"| zeengen | ||
Line 1,141: | Line 1,140: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1S | ! 1S | ||
| | | zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2SI | ! 2SI | ||
Line 1,153: | Line 1,152: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''wezen'' "to be" (strong irregular) | ||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| wezen | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | !colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| wezend | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | !colspan="3"| Past participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| iböün | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
Line 1,170: | Line 1,168: | ||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1S | ||
| | | öm || rowspan="3"| böü || wäs || rowspan="3"| wiere || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 2SI | ||
| | | ärt || wäst || böü | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 3S | ||
| | | is || wäs || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! P | ||
| | | zind || böün || wieren || wieren || böüt | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |} | ||
| | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''doun'' "to do" (strong irregular with weak past) | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| doun | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| dound | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| idoun | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1S | ||
| | | dou || rowspan="3"| dou || döde || rowspan="3"| döde || | ||
|- | |||
! 2SI | |||
| deist || dödest || dou | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| deit || döde || | |||
|- | |||
! P | |||
| dout || doun || döden || döden || dout | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====''' | ====='''Strong irregular - ''guen'' "to go"'''===== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''guen'' "to go" (strong irregular with weak past) | ||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| guen | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | !colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| guend | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | !colspan="3"| Past participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| iguen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
Line 1,206: | Line 1,227: | ||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1S | ||
| | | gue || rowspan="3"| gue || öüde || rowspan="3"| öüde || | ||
|- | |||
! 2SI | |||
| giest || öüdest || gue | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| giet || öüde || | |||
|- | |||
! P | |||
| guet || guen || öüden || öüden || guet | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Examples of weak verbs==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''loven'' "to love" (weak regular) | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| loven | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| lovend | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| iloovd | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
| | |- | ||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1S | ||
| | | love || rowspan="3"| love || loovde || rowspan="3"| loovde || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 2SI | ||
| | | loofst || loovdest || loof | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 3S | ||
| | | looft || loovde || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! P | ||
| | | looft || loven || loovden || loovden || looft | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''häbben'' "to have" (weak irregular) | ||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| häbben | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | !colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| häbbend | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | !colspan="3"| Past participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| ihäd | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
Line 1,242: | Line 1,285: | ||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1S | ||
| | | häbbe || rowspan="3"| häbbe || hädde || rowspan="3"| hädde || | ||
|- | |||
! 2SI | |||
| häst || häddest || hääf | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 3S | ||
| | | hät || hädde || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! P | ||
| | | häbt || häbben || hädden || hädden || häbt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |||
| | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''zecgen'' "to say" (weak irregular) | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| zecgen | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| | | colspan="3"| zecgend | ||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| izaaid | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
| | |- | ||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| zecge || rowspan="3"| zecge || zaaide || rowspan="3"| zaaide || | |||
|- | |||
! 2SI | |||
| zecgest || zaaidest || zaai | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| zecget || zaaide || | |||
|- | |||
! P | |||
| zecget || zecgen || zaaiden || zaaiden || zecget | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Examples of preterite-present verbs==== | |||
==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''kunnen'' "to recognize; to be able to (do)" | ||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| kunnen | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | !colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| kunnend | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | !colspan="3"| Past participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| ikuud | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
Line 1,278: | Line 1,343: | ||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1S | ||
| | | kan || rowspan="3"| kunne || kuude || rowspan="3"| kuude || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 2SI | ||
| | | kanst || kuudest || kun | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 3S | ||
| | | kan || kuude || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! P | ||
| | | kunnen || kunnen || kuuden || kuuden || kunt | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |} | ||
| | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''willen'' "to want; to be going to" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| willen | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| willend | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| iwoald | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| wil || rowspan="3"| wille || woalde || rowspan="3"| woalde || | |||
|- | |||
! 2SI | |||
| wilst || woaldest || wil | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| wil || woalde || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! P | ||
| | | willen || willen || woalden || woalden || wilt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''scolen'' "to must" | ||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| scolen | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | !colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| scolend | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | !colspan="3"| Past participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| iscoald | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
Line 1,315: | Line 1,402: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1S | ! 1S | ||
| | | scäl || rowspan="3"| scöle || scoalde || rowspan="3"| scoalde || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2SI | ! 2SI | ||
| | | scälst || scoaldest || scool | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3S | ! 3S | ||
| | | scäl || scoalde || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! P | ! P | ||
| | | scolen || scölen || scoalden || scoalden || scoolt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''uegen'' "to be allowed to" | ||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ! colspan="3"| Infinitive | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| uegen | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | !colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| uegend | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | !colspan="3"| Past participle | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| juecht | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | ||
Line 1,345: | Line 1,431: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1S | ! 1S | ||
| | | ueg || rowspan="3"| uege || uechte || rowspan="3"| uechte || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2SI | ! 2SI | ||
| | | uegst || uechtest || ueg | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3S | ! 3S | ||
| | | ueg || uechte || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! P | ! P | ||
| | | uegen || uegen || uechten || uechten || uegt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,365: | Line 1,451: | ||
! English !! Voltch | ! English !! Voltch | ||
|- | |- | ||
| spring || | | spring || lengten | ||
|- | |- | ||
| summer || zomer | | summer || zomer |
Latest revision as of 19:21, 25 June 2024
Voltch (native: voalc /vo̯altʃ/) is an Anglic language descended from Old English.
Voltch | |
---|---|
voalc | |
Pronunciation | [vo̯aɫtʃ] |
Created by | Shariifka |
Early forms |
Introduction
Etymology
From Old English folcisċ "vernacular language".
Phonology
Orthography
|
|
Alphabet
|
|
|
Consonants
Vowels
Historical phonology
Old English | Environment | Voltch | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Vowels | |||
a | lengthened | a (long), aa | |
unstressed | e (schwa) | ||
otherwise | a (short) | ||
ā | everywhere | uo | |
æ, ea | lengthened | ä (long), ää | |
otherwise | ä (short) | ||
ǣ | everywhere | ie | |
e | lengthened | ea | |
unstressed | e (schwa) | ||
otherwise | e (short) | ||
ē | everywhere | ei | |
eo | lengthened | öa | |
otherwise | ö | ||
ēo | everywhere | öü | |
ēa | everywhere | üe | |
i, ie | lengthened | e (long), ee | |
before h + consonant | e (short) | ||
otherwise | i | ||
ī, īe | everywhere | ij | |
o | lengthened | oa | |
unstressed | e (schwa) | ||
otherwise | o (short) | ||
ō | everywhere | ou | |
u | lengthened | o (long), oo | |
otherwise | u | ||
ū | everywhere | uu | |
y | lengthened | ö (long), öö | |
otherwise | ü | ||
ȳ | everywhere | üü | |
Consonants | |||
b | b | ||
c | k | ||
ċ | c | ||
d | d | ||
f | unvoiced | f | |
voiced | v | voiced word-initially, between vowels, and after liquids before vowels. | |
g | g, ∅ | ||
ġ | j | ||
h | h, ch | ||
l | l | ||
m | m | ||
n | n | ||
p | p | ||
r | r | ||
s | s, z | ||
t | t | ||
w | w, ∅ |
Morphology
Nouns
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Possessive | Reflexive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1S | ic | mec | mei | mijn | meizealf |
2SI | duu | dec | dei | dijn | deizealf |
3SM | hei | heen | him | his | himzealf |
3SF | höü | höü | heer | heer | heerzealf |
3SN | hit | hit | him | his | himzealf |
1D | wit | oonk | oonk | oonker | oonkzealf |
2D | jit | jeenk | jeenk | jeenker | jeenkzealf |
1P | wei | uus | uus | uur | uuszealf |
2P/F | jei | jöü | jöü | jöür | jöüzealf |
3P | hij | hij | höm | höar | hömzealf |
Demonstratives and Articles
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SM | aan | anen | anem | anes |
SF | ane | ane | aner | aner |
SN | aan | aan | anem | anes |
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SM | naan | nanen | nanem | nanes |
SF | nane | nane | naner | naner |
SN | naan | naan | nanem | nanes |
P | nane | nane | nanem | naner |
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SM | dei | dään | diem | däs |
SF | döü | döü | dier | dier |
SN | dät | dät | diem | däs |
P | due | due | duem | duer |
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SM | dis | dissen | dissem | disses |
SF | disse | disse | disser | disser |
SN | dis | dis | dissem | disses |
P | disse | disse | dissem | disser |
Strong declension | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | |
SM | joan | joanen | joanem | joanes |
SF | joane | joane | joaner | joaner |
SN | joan | joan | joanem | joanes |
P | joane | joane | joanem | joaner |
Weak declension | ||||
SM | joane | joanen | joanen | joanen |
SF | joane | joanen | joanen | joanen |
SN | joane | joane | joanen | joanen |
P | joanen | joanen | joanem | joanen |
Adjectives
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SM | — | -en | -em | -es |
SF | -e | -e | -er | -er |
SN | — | — | -em | -es |
P | -e | -e | -em | -er |
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SM | -e | -en | -en | -en |
SF | -e | -en | -en | -en |
SN | -e | -e | -en | -en |
P | -en | -en | -em | -en |
Numerals
Number | Cardinal | Ordinal |
---|---|---|
0 | nuecht | nuechtede |
1 | uen | ierste |
2 | twue | twuede |
3 | dröü | dridde |
4 | vöür | vöürde |
5 | vijf | vijfte |
6 | zechs | zechste |
7 | zöaven | zöavede |
8 | ächt | ächtede |
9 | nijn | nijde |
10 | tein | töüde |
11 | ellöaven | ellöavede |
12 | twealf | twealfte |
13 | dröütein | dröütöüde |
14 | vöürtein | vöürtöüde |
15 | vijftein | vijftöüde |
16 | zechstein | zechstöüde |
17 | zöaventein | zöaventöüde |
18 | ächtein | ächtöüde |
19 | nijntein | nijntöüde |
20 | tweintij | tweintijste |
30 | drijtij | drijtijste |
40 | vöürtij | vöürtijste |
50 | vijftij | vijftijste |
60 | zechstij | zechstijste |
70 | zöaventij | zöaventijste |
80 | ächtij | ächtijste |
90 | nijntij | nijntijste |
100 | hundred | hundredste |
1000 | duuzend | duuzendste |
Verbs
Examples of strong verbs
Infinitive | zeengen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | zeengend | ||||
Past participle | izoongen | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | zeenge | zeenge | zaang | zoonge | |
2SI | zeengst | zaangst | zeeng | ||
3S | zeengt | zaang | |||
P | zeengt | zeengen | zoongen | zoongen | zeengt |
Infinitive | wezen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | wezend | ||||
Past participle | iböün | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | öm | böü | wäs | wiere | |
2SI | ärt | wäst | böü | ||
3S | is | wäs | |||
P | zind | böün | wieren | wieren | böüt |
Infinitive | doun | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | dound | ||||
Past participle | idoun | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | dou | dou | döde | döde | |
2SI | deist | dödest | dou | ||
3S | deit | döde | |||
P | dout | doun | döden | döden | dout |
Strong irregular - guen "to go"
Infinitive | guen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | guend | ||||
Past participle | iguen | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | gue | gue | öüde | öüde | |
2SI | giest | öüdest | gue | ||
3S | giet | öüde | |||
P | guet | guen | öüden | öüden | guet |
Examples of weak verbs
Infinitive | loven | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | lovend | ||||
Past participle | iloovd | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | love | love | loovde | loovde | |
2SI | loofst | loovdest | loof | ||
3S | looft | loovde | |||
P | looft | loven | loovden | loovden | looft |
Infinitive | häbben | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | häbbend | ||||
Past participle | ihäd | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | häbbe | häbbe | hädde | hädde | |
2SI | häst | häddest | hääf | ||
3S | hät | hädde | |||
P | häbt | häbben | hädden | hädden | häbt |
Infinitive | zecgen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | zecgend | ||||
Past participle | izaaid | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | zecge | zecge | zaaide | zaaide | |
2SI | zecgest | zaaidest | zaai | ||
3S | zecget | zaaide | |||
P | zecget | zecgen | zaaiden | zaaiden | zecget |
Examples of preterite-present verbs
Infinitive | kunnen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | kunnend | ||||
Past participle | ikuud | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | kan | kunne | kuude | kuude | |
2SI | kanst | kuudest | kun | ||
3S | kan | kuude | |||
P | kunnen | kunnen | kuuden | kuuden | kunt |
Infinitive | willen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | willend | ||||
Past participle | iwoald | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | wil | wille | woalde | woalde | |
2SI | wilst | woaldest | wil | ||
3S | wil | woalde | |||
P | willen | willen | woalden | woalden | wilt |
Infinitive | scolen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | scolend | ||||
Past participle | iscoald | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | scäl | scöle | scoalde | scoalde | |
2SI | scälst | scoaldest | scool | ||
3S | scäl | scoalde | |||
P | scolen | scölen | scoalden | scoalden | scoolt |
Infinitive | uegen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present participle | uegend | ||||
Past participle | juecht | ||||
Present | Past | Imperative | |||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | ||
1S | ueg | uege | uechte | uechte | |
2SI | uegst | uechtest | ueg | ||
3S | ueg | uechte | |||
P | uegen | uegen | uechten | uechten | uegt |
Syntax
Vocabulary
Time - Tijd
English | Voltch |
---|---|
spring | lengten |
summer | zomer |
fall | häärvest |
winter | weenter |
English | Voltch |
---|---|
Sunday | ierstendaai |
Monday | twuedendaai |
Tuesday | driddendaai |
Wednesday | vöürdendaai |
Thursday | vijftendaai |
Friday | zechstendaai |
Saturday | zöavedendaai |
English | Voltch |
---|---|
day | daai |
dawn | dageng |
morning | moargen |
noon | middaai |
afternoon | äftermiddaai |
evening | ieven |
dusk | nechteng |
night | necht |
midnight | midnecht |
English | Voltch |
---|---|
second | zekoond |
minute | minuute |
hour | tijm |
day | daai |
week | weke |
month | mound |
season | jüertijd |
year | jüer |
English | Voltch |
---|---|
now | nuu |
then | don |
recently, a short time ago, just | zuenuu |
earlier | räder |
soon, shortly | zoun |
later | zijd; läter |
always | zemblen |
often | often |
sometimes | wijlen |
rarely | zealden |
never | niever |
ever | iever |
still, yet | jijt |
already | ier |
today | toudaai |
tonight | tounecht |
yesterday | jeerstendaai |
last night | jeerstennecht |
tomorrow | toumoargen |
before yesterday | ierjeerstendaai |
two nights ago | ierjeerstennecht |
after tomorrow | oavermoargen |
this week | disse weke |
last week | lätste weke |
next week | nichste weke |
Colours - Düeges
English | Voltch |
---|---|
white | wijt |
grey | grij |
black | zwäärt |
red | rüed |
orange | orancge |
brown | bruun |
yellow | jöale |
green | grein |
blue | blöü |
pink | rueze |
purple | poorper |
golden | göölden |
Example texts
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)
Älle men wöardet vröü and ilijc on uere and rechtem iboaren. Glöüscip and touknounes zind him jifted, and hij scolen...