Modern Windermere: Difference between revisions

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Line 193: Line 193:
:'''''Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.'''''
:'''''Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.'''''
:PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate
:PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate
:''I speak of love and hate.'''
:''I speak of love and hate.''


:'''''Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.'''''
:'''''Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.'''''
:PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed
:PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed
:''The bird is eating a seed.''
:''The bird is eating a seed.''

Revision as of 23:30, 17 February 2018

Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere.

Todo

21 accents in Windermere?

Diachronics

Phonological history

  • ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
  • r > ɹ in the Rhythoed dialect (Talman Windermere has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Rhythoed has a British RP-ish accent)
  • l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
  • ł > ś, ş > ṣ

Grammatical history

  • Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
  • Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive unaspirated b /p~b/ d /t~d/ g /k~g/
aspirated p /pʰ~p/ t /tʰ~t/ c /kʰ~k/ ' /ʔ/
Affricate ts /ts/ tsy /tɕ/
Fricative unvoiced f /f/ th /θ/ s /s/ sh /ʂ/ sy /ɕ/ ch /x/
voiced v /v/ dh /ð/
Resonant w /w/ r /ɹ~ɻ~r/ y /j/ l /ʟ~ɫ/

Vowels

Short vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ ü /y/ u /u/
Mid e /ɛ/ ă /ə/ o /ɔ/
Open a /a/

Long vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close ie /e:/ üe /ø:/ ua /o:/
Mid ea /ɛ:/ oa /ɔ:/
  • Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
  • [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.

The Rhythoed dialect

Rhythoed Windermere is non-rhotic: ir ür ur er or are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə/. The stops b d g are actually voiced.

Vowels before /ʟ/

Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Morphology

Verbs

Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based

Auxiliaries

Tense auxiliaries

I thou he she it we (exc.) we (inc.) you (pl.) they
present mor moł mon mos mot mots mob mong mam
preterite chear cheał chean chels chelt chelts chelb cheang cheam
future per perł pern pers pert perts perb perng perm

Syntax

AuxSVO

Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.
PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate
I speak of love and hate.
Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.
PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed
The bird is eating a seed.