Literature talk:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' /bələn/ is a "CW-Complex" language spoken in eastern Cuadhlabh. It's inspired by Turkish, Vietnamese and an older draft of [[Ancient Wiebian]].


==Todo==
==Notes==
*''A'' = one of the vowels ''ȧ/a/ω''
*''O'' = one of the vowels ''ė/e/o''
*''U'' = one of the vowels ''i/ı/u''
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Dental
! | Alveolar
! | Palatal
! | Medial
! | Velar
! | Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
| '''ņ''' /ɲˁ~ɳ/
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|
| '''ț''' /cˤ~ʈ/
| '''k''' /c~k/
|
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
|
| '''ḑ''' /ɟˤ~ɖ/
| '''g''' /ɟ~ɡ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
| '''f''' /f/
| '''t̆''' /θ/
| '''s''' /s/
|
| '''ș''' /çˤ~ʂ/
| '''x''' /ç~x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
! | <small>lateral</small>
|
| '''l''' /l/
|
|
| '''ļ''' /ʎˁ~ɭ/
|
|
|-
! | <small>central</small>
| '''v''' /β̞~w/
| '''d̆''' /ð̞/
|
| '''y''' /j/
| '''r''' /jˤ~ɻ/
| '''ğ''' /ɣ̞~ɰ/
|
|}
;Notes
*Voiceless plosives and affricates are lightly aspirated.
*The medial consonants /ɲˁ, cˤ, ɟˤ, çˤ, ʎˁ, jˤ/ vary by idiolect and may be retroflex or sulcalized retroflex [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɭ, ɻ] or pharyngealized pre-velar/"bunched" [ŋ̟ˁ, k̟ˤ, g̟ˤ, x̟ˤ, ʟ̟ˁ, ɹ̈]. The medial consonants are principally characterized by a low third formant (F3).
===Vowels===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! &nbsp;
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ı''' /ɨ~ɯ/
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! Close-mid
| '''ė''' /e/
| '''e''' /ə~ɤ/
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! Open-mid/Open
| '''ȧ''' /æ~ɛ/
| '''a''' /ä/
| '''ω''' /ɒ~ɔ/
|}
Belen has vowel harmony with front vowels (''i ė ȧ''), central vowels (''ı e a''), and back vowels (''u o ω'').
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
*/l ɭ ɻ/ are not allowed in onset position.
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
{{PAGENAME}} is topic-prominent, like Japanese and Korean.
The following rules generally apply, unless overridden by assimilations and phonetic rules.
*Final ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to approximants ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' before a suffix beginning with a consonant
*Suffixes beginning with ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' after a final vowel.
*When two vowels come together upon suffixation, the hiatus filler is ''v'' for back and central vowel words and ''y'' for front vowel words.
Here are the major noun clitics:
*''-nUm'' = plural  (''-ņ'', ''-ț'' + ''-nUm'' > ''-ņņUm'', ''-țņUm'')
**''nȧx'' /nɛx/ = person, ''nȧxnim'' /nɛxnim/ = people
**''med'' /məd/ = house, ''med̆nım'' /məð̞nɨm/ = houses
**''suḑ'' /suɖ/ = woman, ''surnum'' /suɹnum/ = women
**''ŋω'' /ŋɔ/ = head > ''ŋωnum'' /ŋɔnum/ = heads
*''-yA'' = topic/vocative marker
*nȧxyȧ /nɛxjɛ/ = the person (topic)
*medya /mədja/ = the house (topic)
*suḑyω /suɖjɔ/ = the woman (topic)
*ŋωyω /ŋɔjɔ/ = the head (nominative)
*''-dO/-d̆O'' = nominative/focus marker (''-t'', ''-ņ'', ''-ḑ'', ''-ț'', ''-ļ'' + ''-dO'' > ''-ttO'', ''-ņḑO'', ''-ḑḑO'', ''-ţţO'', ''-ļḑO'')
**''nȧxdė'' /nɛxde/ = the person (nominative)
**''medde'' /məddə/ = the house (nominative)
**''suḑḑo'' /suɖɖo/ = the woman (nominative)
**''ŋωd̆o'' /ŋɔð̞o/ = the head (nominative)
*''-Uļ'' = accusative
**''nȧxiļ'' /nɛxiɭ/ = person (accusative)
**''medıļ'' /mədɨɭ/ = house (accusative)
**''suḑuļ'' /suɖuɭ/ = woman (accusative)
**''ŋωvuļ'' /ŋɔwuɭ/ = head (accusative)
*''-mAy'' = locative
**''virė'' /wiɹe/ = sea; ''virėmȧy'' /wiɹemɛj/ = at sea
**''med̆may'' /məð̞maj/ = in/at the house
**''xωtmωy'' /xɔtmɔj/ = in the room
*''-bOn'' = dative
**''nȧxbėn'' /nɛxben/ = for the person
**''eşben'' /əʂbən/ = for the daughter
**''suḑbon'' /suɖbon/ = for the woman
*''-Or'' = genitive
**''nȧxėr'' /nɛxeɹ/ = of the person
**''meder'' /mədəɹ/ = of the house
**''suḑor'' /suɖoɹ/ = of the woman
**''ŋωvor'' /ŋɔwoɹ/ = of the head
*''-Uŋk'' = 'and/with'
**''nȧxiŋk'' = the man and
**''medıŋk'' = the house and
**''suḑuŋk'' = the woman and
*''-pA'' = 'from'
**''nȧxpȧ'' = from the man
**''medpa'' = from the house
**''suḑpω'' = from the woman
===Pronouns===
aŋ, gıs, mi, aŋnım, gısnım, minim
===Adjectives===
===Verbs===
===Numerals===
*1: kı /kɨ/
*2: goș /goʂ/
*3: vildė /wilde/
*4: alm /alm/
*5: ḑerg /ɖəɻg/
*6: nȧy /nɛj/
*7: ark /aɻk/
*8: t̆ıņț /θɨɳʈ/
*9: hωm /hɔm/
*10: bıņ /bɨɳ/
*11: șur /ʂuɻ/
*12: fert /fəɻt/
*13: fert kı /fəɻt kɨ/
*14: fert goș /fəɻt goʂ/
...
*24: ņωx /ɳɔx/
*36: tifėn /tifen/
*48: xef /xəf/
*60: nisėb /niseb/
*72: jȧm /jɛm/
*84: arked /aɻkəd/
*96: t̆ıņțed /θɨɳʈəd/
*108: hωmod /hɔmod/
*120: bıņed /bɨɳəd/
*132: șurod /ʂuɻod/
*144: kulb /kulb/
==Syntax==
Belen syntax is mostly shared with the larger CW-Complex sprachbund. Unusually for a CW-complex language, it is topic-prominent.
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Template area -->
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 01:56, 10 January 2019

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