User:Chrysophylax/Skājamāl

1. merger of overlong into long vowels

   *pūkō ( < *pūkô)

2. z > s / _# [unconditionally]
3. s > h / _#

   *baisah ( < *baizaz) which later gives bērah

4. ō > ā
5. vowels [+nasal] > vowels [-nasal] [+length]

   *breustā ( < *breustą)

6. γ > j / #_V, V_V

   *jaisīþi ( < **gaisīþi), skājah ( < *skōgaz)

7. γ > v̄ / V_[+voiced +consonant]
8. þ > h / _R

   *mahlā ( < *maþlą) which later gives māl

9. ā > ē / [+dental +consonant +nasal]_#
10. Spontaneous haplogy (sic).
11. f > hw / _V

    *hwehu ( < *fehu)

12. þ > s [unconditionally]

    sat ( < *þat)

13. d > n / nV_V

    annā ( < *andô)

14. ă ĕ ŏ > Ø / _# (unless monosyllabic) (Short vowel deletion rule)
15. If a word by result of the short vowel deletion becomes monosyllabic, lengthen the stem vowel for compensation.
16. If a word by result of the aforementioned rule terminates in -w, it becomes -u.
17. ĭ ŭ > e o / _#

    alo ( < *alu)

18. s > h / _R
19. j > Ø /#_V
20. h > Ø /V_C
21. Compensatory vowel lengthening follows the above law.
23. b > v / V_V
26. Words of three or more syllables may occasionally experience V > Ø / _#
27. ai > ē when stressed

    ērīs 'he/she/it frightens' ( < *gaisīþi) cf. avajs 'he/she/it has' ( < *habaiþi)

Example sentences

1. sā hweū hwurhte sanā wulhwā hwure avajs

   þō fehū furhti þaną wulfą furi habaiþi.

   'The cattle has fear of the wolf.'

2. sa wulhwā sā hweū ērīs

   sa wulfaz þō fehū ?gaisīþi. ( PIE *gheis-, cf. Goth. usgaisjan)

   'The wolf terrorizes the cattle.'

A man says to another man…

This is in step 16 Skājamāl

— O, Hweho!
— Hweho?
— Hwehōh?!
— Ne, hweho!
— Hahā, hweho!

Listen to this dialogue read by D. Salo