User:Chrysophylax/Skājamāl: Difference between revisions
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# merger of overlong into long vowels | # merger of overlong into long vowels | ||
#: ''*pūkō'' ( < *pūkô) | #: ''*pūkō'' ( < *pūkô) | ||
# d > þ / r_ / (represent /d/ as [þ] here for later word changes, cf. Go waurd, ON orð) | # d > þ / r_ / (represent /d/ as [þ] here for later word changes, cf. Go waurd, ON orð) but not after [l], [n], or [m] | ||
#: ''*wurþą'' ( < wurdą) | #: ''*wurþą'' ( < wurdą) | ||
# d > ð / V_V (show /d/ = [ð] intervocalically) | # d > ð / V_V (show /d/ = [ð] intervocalically) | ||
#: ''*nimiði'' ( < * | #: ''*nimiði'' ( < *nimidi) | ||
# z > s <s>/ _#</s> [unconditionally] | # z > s <s>/ _#</s> [unconditionally] | ||
#: ''*gaisas'' ( < *gaizaz) | #: ''*gaisas'' ( < *gaizaz) | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
# ā > ē / [+dental +consonant +nasal]_# | # ā > ē / [+dental +consonant +nasal]_# | ||
# Spontaneous haplogy ('''sic'''). | # Spontaneous haplogy ('''sic'''). | ||
#: ''*nimði'' ( < ''*nimiði'') | |||
# f > hw / _V | # f > hw / _V | ||
#: ''*hwehu'' ( < *fehu) | #: ''*hwehu'' ( < *fehu) | ||
Revision as of 06:35, 14 December 2013
- merger of overlong into long vowels
- *pūkō ( < *pūkô)
- d > þ / r_ / (represent /d/ as [þ] here for later word changes, cf. Go waurd, ON orð) but not after [l], [n], or [m]
- *wurþą ( < wurdą)
- d > ð / V_V (show /d/ = [ð] intervocalically)
- *nimiði ( < *nimidi)
- z > s
/ _#[unconditionally]- *gaisas ( < *gaizaz)
- s > h / _#
- *baisah ( < *baizaz) which later gives bērah
- ō > ā
- vowels [+nasal] > vowels [-nasal] [+length]
- *breustā ( < *breustą)
- γ > j / #_V, V_V
- *jaisīþi ( < **gaisīþi), skājah ( < *skōgaz)
- γ > v̄ / V_[+voiced +consonant]
- þ > h / _R
- *mahlā ( < *maþlą) which later gives māl
- ā > ē / [+dental +consonant +nasal]_#
- Spontaneous haplogy (sic).
- *nimði ( < *nimiði)
- f > hw / _V
- *hwehu ( < *fehu)
- þ > s [unconditionally]
- sat ( < *þat), wursā < *wurþā ( < *wurdą)
- d > n / nV_V
- annā ( < *andô)
- ă ĕ ŏ > Ø / _# (unless monosyllabic) (Short vowel deletion rule)
- If a word by result of the short vowel deletion becomes monosyllabic, lengthen the stem vowel for compensation.
- If a word by result of the aforementioned rule terminates in -w, it becomes -u.
- ĭ ŭ > e o / _#
- alo ( < *alu)
- s > h / _R
- j > Ø /#_V
- h > Ø /V_C
- Compensatory vowel lengthening follows the above law.
- s > z / V_V
- b > v / V_V
- d > z / V_V
- z > r / V_V (unless following or preceding syllable already has r)
- Words of three or more syllables may occasionally experience V > Ø / _#
- ai ei eu > ē ī iu when stressed
- ējum ( < *aigum, pres act 1pl of *aiganą), rīzanā ( < *reidaną~rīdaną), kiuranā ( < *keusaną)
- ērīs 'he/she/it frightens' ( < *gaisīþi) cf. avajs 'he/she/it has' ( < *habaiþi)
Status
Example sentences
- sā hweū hwurhte sanā wulhwā hwure avajs
- þō fehū furhti þaną wulfą furi habaiþi.
- 'The cattle has fear of the wolf.'
- þō fehū furhti þaną wulfą furi habaiþi.
- sa wulhwā sā hweū ērīs
- sa wulfaz þō fehū ?gaisīþi. ( PIE *gheis-, cf. Goth. usgaisjan)
- 'The wolf terrorizes the cattle.'
- sa wulfaz þō fehū ?gaisīþi. ( PIE *gheis-, cf. Goth. usgaisjan)
A man says to another man…
This is in step 16 Skājamāl
— O, Hweho!
— Hweho?
— Hwehōh?!
— Ne, hweho!
— Hahā, hweho!