Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Phoneme !! m !! n !! ŋ !! p !! t !! k !! t͡s !! ʈ͡ʂ !! f !! s !! ʂ !! x !! ʋ !! ʝ !! l  
! <sub>Phoneme</sub> !! m !! n !! ŋ !! p !! t !! k !! t͡s !! ʈ͡ʂ !! f !! s !! ʂ !! x !! ʋ !! ʝ !! l  
|-
|-
! !! m !! n !! h !! b !! t, d !! k !! z !! c !! f !! s !! ç !! x !! v !! l, d !! l  
! <sub>Grapheme</sub> !! m !! n !! h !! b !! t, d !! k !! z !! c !! f !! s !! ç !! x !! v !! l, d !! l  
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Phoneme !! iː !! y !! ɐi̯ !! u̯o !! uː !! ɪ !! ɐ !! ʊ !! ɛ !! ø !! œʏ̯ !! ɐu̯ !! ɤ !! ɔ !! ä !! äː  
! <sub>Phoneme</sub> !! iː !! y !! ɐi̯ !! u̯o !! uː !! ɪ !! ɐ !! ʊ !! ɛ !! ø !! œʏ̯ !! ɐu̯ !! ɤ !! ɔ !! ä !! äː  
|-
|-
! !! í !! ü !! l !! va !! v !! e !! â, r !! o !! é !! ö !! ui !! á !! ô !! ó !! a !! ai  
! <sub>Grapheme</sub> !! í !! ü !! l !! va !! v !! e !! â, r !! o !! é !! ö !! ui !! á !! ô !! ó !! a !! ai, ae
|}
|}


  The structure is who/what does/has/is doing-something to where by what a theme.
  The structure is VP.who/what V.does/has/is NP.something to do N.theme. Type is VOS.
adnoun formation is adnoun+e+noun. adverb formation is adverb+o+verb, where the most rightside element is to be modified.


  Derivation of a word. for ex. /xɐi̯t/ to call,  
{| Derivation of a word. for ex. /ɐi̯t/ to call,  ten nominal verb or finite verb -en. keito adverb -o. keitno coverb -no. keite adnoun -e(/ɐ/). keit noun -zeromorpheme. keitca ergative noun -c(-ca) keits suject noun -s(-sa) keitz dative noun -z(-zui) keitta accusative noun -ta. x * * It ma asent.|}
  keiten nominal verb or finite verb -en. keito adverb -o. keitno coverb -no. keite adnoun -e(/ɐ/). keit noun -zeromorpheme. keitca ergative noun -c(-ca) keits suject noun -s(-sa) keitz dative noun -z(-zui) keitta accusative noun -ta.


{|  0123456789, 10, 11, 12. are kln xln tve cam fír von sís siüf at nuin ek élf tvölf. |}


e \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoptation of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages.
{|  Type: VOS-Topic. very single word is a morpheme, right branching of a clause, left eement modifies that in right. Adjectifier is a zeromorpheme. Nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.|}
{|  Word formation: (+coerb) noun (+adjectifier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier). V)|}


  Content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns.
{| Made text|}
{| of it is what|}
{| neaka fî Sèdnan.|}


  Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, comitative, that near to the speaker, that away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have variations for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
{| of this is what|}
{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives), nounsnomina of language monotansitives, nouns(which have pluals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derid particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthe turn nun t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.ha/ɦä/,/e/ s/s, veal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. siuc en svensc? Are ou swedish? - neaca svensca. I am swedish.
{|  Famsendocleâ.|}


(currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4)
{|  fam sendoc lehhar|}
|}
{| an object ight bafter  ba nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object befoe the  motion in once a suppot of an objectial icle.|}
{|  evers are morpheme nouns, full nouns, ul nouns are indicatives.  in this site uses resemble notations|}
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are regular O are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}{|  ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic of zeromorpheme noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foa phrases.|}
{| aside from the onemic orthography, numerals are written. -|}
{| .0123456789,10,11,12. is .oinmfvksba .io/x, ii/e, in/z.|}
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nas.|}
{|borrowing words from othrnguages enter the group of adjective ful noun, soe enter .{|Morpheme inventory|}
{|* s- /sɨ/,allo;/s/,* n-/nɨ/,allomopheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/* -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d , e is pone with their corresponding phonesmically space, except for afte a consonant incuding extras/t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* ad /äde/* -els /els/* -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/*for  -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/|}
|}
  Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic. Every single word is a morpheme, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. Adjectifier is a zeromorpheme. Nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier).
 
  Writings
A real life setting is that letters except q w p g j y is used. u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
(optional, uses J instead of I, Y for V)
 
  Grapheme inventory
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>Bilabial</small>
! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
! |<small>Alveolar</small>
! |<small>Retroflex</small>
! |<small>Palatal</small>
! |<small>Velar</small>
! |<small>Uvular</small>
! |<small>Glottal</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m, b) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}},na{{blue|n}}(n~ɲ, l~d) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  || 
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe,aâ{{blue|e}}(ʔ, n/a)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ~n/a)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) || 
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯~n/a)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semivowel</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}áe(ɥ, l) || || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || 
|}
 
 
{| |
! colspan="1" |<small>{{blue|Vowels}}</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Back</small>
|-
!
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|êi}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}},a{{blue|î}}e(ɯɨ~ɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e,a{{blue|eû}}(ø) ||  || a{{blue|êu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) || a{{blue|o}}e(o)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  ||  || 
|}
 
  Phonotactics
CV(V)C.
Tone slightly rises initially for beginning of a phrase.
 
{|  sk sk not sk k lk not jk mm became ¨mb nn sta  kk is long k  ll e lh is ong ¨l  n ¨ll gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|}
{|allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ  allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú;;ue;ua;uo  | ɲ ŋ −vowel length lk −vowel length sk|}
{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |the agent of a transitive verb!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{geen|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}!  style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}!  style="width: 90px;"|{{green|plural possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: ce
|}
 
  Made text
of it is what
Narca fuî Sèdnan.
\ˈnä.ëɡä fɯɨ ˈsu̯ednän\
nac-har fuî sèd-nan
1-be member.of swed-ish
 
of this is what
Famsendocleâ.
\fämsendokˈɥe.ä\
  fam sendoc lehhar
fruits 3.place of.be
 
Naciórneûrs a Lekmae Neîdoc.
\näkʝoneu̯s ʔä ɥexmä nei̯dok\
naciór neû -ser aae- Lekmae neîdoc
rom lang -be ?- Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.


  of who does what
{| Naciórneûrs a Lekmae Neîdoc.|}
kainimdaues doc.
{| naciór neû -ser aae- Lekmae neîdoc|}
  /--/
kai nim daues doc
they eat some.of 3


{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we: /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* hee: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* fou: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust:: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen nter; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,ncen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! s uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| |hia/ɦiä/| sia hia/ɦiä/|hians/ɦiäns/| hey (singular)lue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive : the motion is completed sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! st bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| aat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| alnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,aiseféu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin:<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki><br><br>
{|  of who does what|}
{| kainimdaues doc.|}
|}
|}


  Lexics
/--/
{| mâm*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul maî*value mui*means máo*meow nam*to.name nac*to.1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to.2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu doc*of.3 dol*fish dâd*dad dek dil* wet dui*do.what dál*draw dfl*who have wings cac cuf cal cilkec aam*aim a d aae*is.it.true.for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of.where,of.there aís*icy aal e d aee*accompanying.with o d aoe*compared.with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made.from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be.by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what.who xui*how,where fam*fruits fun foù*fire kan*he.neuter kai*they. kalmêd kum kat*hands kalkee ham*singular rombar*earthen vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lea d lehhar*because lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope, wings ser*that.kind.|}
{{trans-bottom}}


[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 02:48, 11 July 2019

It is a constructed language, namely lekma /ˈjɛkmɐ/. the lexicon is made of Germanic words.
Phoneme m n ŋ p t k t͡s ʈ͡ʂ f s ʂ x ʋ ʝ l
Grapheme m n h b t, d k z c f s ç x v l, d l
Phoneme iː y ɐi̯ u̯o uː ɪ ɐ ʊ ɛ ø œʏ̯ ɐu̯ ɤ ɔ ä äː
Grapheme í ü l va v e â, r o é ö ui á ô ó a ai, ae 
The structure is VP.who/what V.does/has/is NP.something to do N.theme. Type is VOS.
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