Azalic

Azalic/Lexicon

Azalic is an imagined Indo-European branch, intended to serve as an alternate possible diachronics of the English language.

The name Azalic is a Persian cognate of Əngoil /ˈəngojl/, the legendary mother of the Azalic people (cognate of Ahalyā in Hindu mythology).

Family tree

• Azalic
  • Time Traveler English
  • Khuômiskh
  • a living Proto-Azalic

Phonology

Inspirations: Vietnamese, Armenian, literally read Irish

m n bh dh gh ᵹh p t c q ph th ch qh ṗ ṫ ċ q̇ s ṡ h l r y v

/m n bʰ dʰ gʰ gʷʰ p t k kʷ pʰ tʰ kʰ kʷʰ f θ x xw s z h l r j w/

Vowels: e i o u ə é í ó ú oe aw eo ou ieu ia ua /e i o u ə e: i: o: u: oe əɨ eo əu iəu iə uə/ + offglides in -i; allophonic Open Syllable Lengthening

Reflexes:

• oi > uə
• iH > i:
• ei > oə, sometimes iə
• ē > e:
• e, i > e, i
• uH > u:
• u > u (needs umlaut)
• ou > əɨ
• eu > əɨ (iəu in some words)
• o > o (needs umlaut)
• oH, ô, eh2, eh3 > əu

• enC > oeC
• onC > əuC
• nC > eoC

h1oinos, dwoh1, treyes, kwetwores, penkwe, sweks, septm, oktōw, h₁néwn̥, deḱm -> xuən, təu, tʰriə~tʰre:, pʰoþur, pʰoəxw, seks, sefn, oxʰtəu, nəɨn, texn~te:n

huon, tou, thré, phoṫur, phoeq̇, secs, seṗn, ohtou, nawn, teċn/tén

h₃nómṇ > *nomə > L-MidE name > name

Grammar

Nouns

Proto-Azalic had a highly eroded case system. The notation (i) denotes "i-umlaut" or a j-offglide on the nucleus.

• dir. -0, (i)
• voc. (i), (i)
• obl. (i)~(i)-ə~ə, -su~-ṡu
• gen. -is, (i)-is~-ə
• lat. -ther, (no pl)

wəlqh 'wolf'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wəlqh	wəilqh
Vocative	wəilqh	wəilqh
Genitive	wəlqhəis	wəilqhis, wəlqhə
Oblique	wəilqhə	wəilqhsu
Lative	wəlqhthir	-

qenə 'lady; wife'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	qenə	qenəh
Vocative	qenə	qenəh
Genitive	qenəis	qenə
Oblique	qenə	qenəṡu
Lative	qenəthir	-

ghous 'goose'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ghous	ghouis
Vocative	ghouis	ghouis
Genitive	ghousəis	ghouisis, ghousə
Oblique	ghouis	ghoussu
Lative	ghousthir	-

Adjectives

Adjectives were uninflected, because they were split off from adjective-noun compounds.

Pronouns

the pronouns are the usual English ones plus *swe

Verbs

-eh2ti > -ə; -yeti, -eyeti > (i)-ə

Verb tenses were relatively complex, but the original PIE personal affixes were lost.

when the subject is nominal singular, "he", "she" or "it", the "swe" is required for verbal agreement

the 2sg and 3sg distal pronouns are number neutral so they don't need *swe

• Imperative (source of English imperative and subjunctive): non-past without any endings
• Nonpast (the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb
• Past: PIE reduplicated perfect or root aorist
• Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive were): sigmatic future.
• Stative (the source of the English past): a tenseless form like the Akkadian stative. Originally a deverbal noun; formed with the o-grade (deriving nouns in PIE) for strongs, -d from -tús for weaks, -(i) from -ih2 for semistrongs. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take -swe.
• Active participle: -ənt
  • -ənt-qhe became the present progressive -ing in English.
• Passive participle (source of English past participle): zero-grade with -n from -nós, or -d from -tós

Verb conjugation

	Weak: luṗə 'love'	Strong: bhendh 'bind'	Semi-strong: choldh 'grasp'
Imperative	luṗə	bhendh	choldh
Nonpast	luṗə(-se)	bhendh(-se)	choldh(-se)
Past	leluṗə(-se)	bhəndh(-se)	cechəldh(-se)
Irrealis	luṗəṡə(-se), luṗəh(-se)	bhendhəṡə(-se), bhendhəh(-se)	choldhəṡə(-se), choldhəh(-se)
Stative	luṗəd	bhondh	choildhə
Active part.	luṗənt	bhəndhənt	choldhənt
Passive part.	luṗəd	bhəndhən	choldhən