Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions
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Ekma is a constructed language designed to low probability of grammatical errors. Autonym is lekmae /ˈɰekmɐ/ which is also spelt ekma/ekm. It saw to a written laguage for spoken language of another world, parallel to this world. That known through tracing of transliteration of their writing system was, actually is a collection of about a thousand of invariable words. | 0.Foreword. Ekma is a constructed language designed to low probability of grammatical errors. Autonym is lekmae /ˈɰekmɐ/ which is also spelt ekma/ekm. It saw to a written laguage for spoken language of another world, parallel to this world. That known through tracing of transliteration of their writing system was, actually is a collection of about a thousand of invariable words. | ||
It basically preferred SV, CV, AN, VOS, CVC syllable, that are subject-intransitive/self causative verb alignment, complement/condition-main verb alignment, adjective-noun alignment, transitive verb-object-subjective theme alignment, any single consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/-any vowel out of /ä ɐ̯ä äɐ̯ äu̯ ɐ e u̯e ei̯ ii̯ i̯u o u̯o ou̯ i̯o oi̯ uu̯ u̯i/-any consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/. Each word has type, either of noun, adjective, adverb, verb, each category shares their minimal length of time, nouns for long, adjectives for semi long, adverbs for semi short, verbs for short. | It basically preferred SV, CV, AN, VOS, CVC syllable, that are subject-intransitive/self causative verb alignment, complement/condition-main verb alignment, adjective-noun alignment, transitive verb-object-subjective theme alignment, any single consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/-any vowel out of /ä ɐ̯ä äɐ̯ äu̯ ɐ e u̯e ei̯ ii̯ i̯u o u̯o ou̯ i̯o oi̯ uu̯ u̯i/-any consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/. Each word has type, either of noun, adjective, adverb, verb, each category shares their minimal length of time, nouns for long, adjectives for semi long, adverbs for semi short, verbs for short. | ||
1.2.3.4. | |||
There are listed as to descriptions on phonemes, firstly phoneme, secondly grapheme, thirdly approved allophonemes, finaly usual realisation of the phoneme which degrees may vary. ɰ, l written before any vowel that also where zero consonant is, ɦ ʔ ɰ, ɰ it presents between vowels which lose phonemic value in other situations. ä, a, ɐ ä, ä. ɐ̯ä, à, ɐ̯ä e̯ä, e̯ä. äɐ̯, á/ä, äɐ̯ äː äi̯, äi̯. äu̯, ê, ɐu̯ ʌu̯ äu̯, äu̯. ɐ, ae, ɐ, ɐ. e, e, ɪ ɐ e, e. u̯e è, ø u̯e, u̯e. ei̯, é, ɛ eː ei̯, ei̯. ii̯, i, ii̯ iː i, i. i̯u, u, i̯u i̯y y, y. o, o, ʊ o, o. u̯o, ò, u̯ʌ u̯o, u̯o. ou̯, ó, ɔ oː ou̯, ou̯. i̯o, io, i̯o, i̯o. oi̯, ö, u̯ei̯ u̯eʏ̯ øʏ̯ oi̯ øi̯, øi̯. uu̯, v, uu̯ uː u, u. u̯i, ui, ɯ u̯i ɨ, ɨ. ɥ, l written before any consonant letter, ɥ̥ jʷ ɥ, ɥ. ŋ, h, ŋ̥ ŋ ɳ, ɳ. k, k, x q k, k. d, d/t, d̥ t d, t. f, f, ʋ f, f. t͡s, z, t͡s z s̪, s̪. ɕ, s, ɬ ɕ s, s. ʂ, ç, ʂ t͡ʂ, t͡ʂ. b, b, b̥ p b, b. n, n, n̥ ɲ n, n. m, m, m̥ m, m. Descriptions on writings are about graphemes. | There are listed as to descriptions on phonemes, firstly phoneme, secondly grapheme, thirdly approved allophonemes, finaly usual realisation of the phoneme which degrees may vary. ɰ, l written before any vowel that also where zero consonant is, ɦ ʔ ɰ, ɰ it presents between vowels which lose phonemic value in other situations. ä, a, ɐ ä, ä. ɐ̯ä, à, ɐ̯ä e̯ä, e̯ä. äɐ̯, á/ä, äɐ̯ äː äi̯, äi̯. äu̯, ê, ɐu̯ ʌu̯ äu̯, äu̯. ɐ, ae, ɐ, ɐ. e, e, ɪ ɐ e, e. u̯e è, ø u̯e, u̯e. ei̯, é, ɛ eː ei̯, ei̯. ii̯, i, ii̯ iː i, i. i̯u, u, i̯u i̯y y, y. o, o, ʊ o, o. u̯o, ò, u̯ʌ u̯o, u̯o. ou̯, ó, ɔ oː ou̯, ou̯. i̯o, io, i̯o, i̯o. oi̯, ö, u̯ei̯ u̯eʏ̯ øʏ̯ oi̯ øi̯, øi̯. uu̯, v, uu̯ uː u, u. u̯i, ui, ɯ u̯i ɨ, ɨ. ɥ, l written before any consonant letter, ɥ̥ jʷ ɥ, ɥ. ŋ, h, ŋ̥ ŋ ɳ, ɳ. k, k, x q k, k. d, d/t, d̥ t d, t. f, f, ʋ f, f. t͡s, z, t͡s z s̪, s̪. ɕ, s, ɬ ɕ s, s. ʂ, ç, ʂ t͡ʂ, t͡ʂ. b, b, b̥ p b, b. n, n, n̥ ɲ n, n. m, m, m̥ m, m. Descriptions on writings are about graphemes. | ||
{| !! c` !!!! ç ! v ( For some of at C1 ave second conditioned byä e̯ä ɐ e ei̯ i̯e äu̯ ii̯ i̯y o ou̯ u̯o u̯e i̯o uu̯ øi̯/ colu of V , ɡ /l, Cs at C1 have allohones. /, // / nants at C3 hav allohoes. /bt, ʔ/ lid combiationels sy side si, somee: œʏ̯/ ch morphemjet moverb. uit or xlt, shiermins wh Glossing abbreviations, .0 zero morpheme. 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. pt particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive. Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A let. Words written in a letter are verbs. Written in two, prowords. Written in three if it ends in 'n' etc, words of two letter + a morpheme. Written in three letters, any other, mostly nouns. Written in four, second may be a douplication of the first syllable, onomatopeias. | {| !! c` !!!! ç ! v ( For some of at C1 ave second conditioned byä e̯ä ɐ e ei̯ i̯e äu̯ ii̯ i̯y o ou̯ u̯o u̯e i̯o uu̯ øi̯/ colu of V , ɡ /l, Cs at C1 have allohones. /, // / nants at C3 hav allohoes. /bt, ʔ/ lid combiationels sy side si, somee: œʏ̯/ ch morphemjet moverb. uit or xlt, shiermins wh Glossing abbreviations, .0 zero morpheme. 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. pt particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive. Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A let. Words written in a letter are verbs. Written in two, prowords. Written in three if it ends in 'n' etc, words of two letter + a morpheme. Written in three letters, any other, mostly nouns. Written in four, second may be a douplication of the first syllable, onomatopeias. | ||
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m (/m/) with it lot oneth | m (/m/) with it lot oneth | ||
iot every third zeros, for exsample do. is a number x 1,000,000,000,000. | iot every third zeros, for exsample do. is a number x 1,000,000,000,000. | ||
hot second | hot unphonemical. second | ||
kot third | kot unphonemical. third | ||
dot fourth | dot unphonemical. fourth | ||
tet a number x ten. | tet a number x ten. | ||
vot fifth | vot unphonemical. fifth | ||
fot sixth | fot unphonemical. sixth | ||
zot seventh | zot unphonemical. seventh | ||
sot eigth | sot unphonemical. eigth | ||
çot nineth | çot unphonemical. nineth | ||
bot tenth | bot unphonemical. tenth | ||
not eleventh | not unphonemical. eleventh | ||
mot twelveth | mot unphonemical. twelveth | ||
. stop. | . stop. | ||
t.t a point situates after 0. before a 0.0. | t.t a point situates after 0. before a 0.0. | ||
| Line 47: | Line 48: | ||
/ full stop. | / full stop. | ||
// full stop. | // full stop. | ||
unphonemical that the word lack phonemic value at the beginning. it is without phonemics dedicated to Ekma lemma, is loanword. | |||
xán /χäi̯n/ Nothing. | xán /χäi̯n/ Nothing. | ||
rán /ʀäi̯n/ Nothing. | rán /ʀäi̯n/ Nothing. | ||
| Line 73: | Line 75: | ||
{| x * * It may be absent. h - ong x . |} | {| x * * It may be absent. h - ong x . |} | ||
{| | {| 56789, 10, 11, 12. ae kln xls tve cam fír on lís süf bat nuin zek élf tvölf. |} | ||
{| abbreviations, (such as gender in a language where the word does not show it of canonical transit ACC caseADVadverb(ial), caseAPPappositionATTRattributiveCOM caseCBconverbDAT selc, case durat aspect, continuous aspectFINfinte FOCfocusINS, R, NTRintransitive LAT case LOC , POSS markerREL(izer)SBJ, SUBSTEM TOPTR, TRANtansitive verb, caseV, VB or vebalVIre , intransitVT, VOL : S-Topic. very single word is a , right branching of a clause, left eement modifies that in rigt. djectifie is a . ouns ith enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.|} | {| abbreviations, (such as gender in a language where the word does not show it of canonical transit ACC caseADVadverb(ial), caseAPPappositionATTRattributiveCOM caseCBconverbDAT selc, case durat aspect, continuous aspectFINfinte FOCfocusINS, R, NTRintransitive LAT case LOC , POSS markerREL(izer)SBJ, SUBSTEM TOPTR, TRANtansitive verb, caseV, VB or vebalVIre , intransitVT, VOL : S-Topic. very single word is a , right branching of a clause, left eement modifies that in rigt. djectifie is a . ouns ith enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.|} | ||
Revision as of 13:46, 9 April 2020
0.Foreword. Ekma is a constructed language designed to low probability of grammatical errors. Autonym is lekmae /ˈɰekmɐ/ which is also spelt ekma/ekm. It saw to a written laguage for spoken language of another world, parallel to this world. That known through tracing of transliteration of their writing system was, actually is a collection of about a thousand of invariable words.
It basically preferred SV, CV, AN, VOS, CVC syllable, that are subject-intransitive/self causative verb alignment, complement/condition-main verb alignment, adjective-noun alignment, transitive verb-object-subjective theme alignment, any single consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/-any vowel out of /ä ɐ̯ä äɐ̯ äu̯ ɐ e u̯e ei̯ ii̯ i̯u o u̯o ou̯ i̯o oi̯ uu̯ u̯i/-any consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/. Each word has type, either of noun, adjective, adverb, verb, each category shares their minimal length of time, nouns for long, adjectives for semi long, adverbs for semi short, verbs for short.
1.2.3.4.
There are listed as to descriptions on phonemes, firstly phoneme, secondly grapheme, thirdly approved allophonemes, finaly usual realisation of the phoneme which degrees may vary. ɰ, l written before any vowel that also where zero consonant is, ɦ ʔ ɰ, ɰ it presents between vowels which lose phonemic value in other situations. ä, a, ɐ ä, ä. ɐ̯ä, à, ɐ̯ä e̯ä, e̯ä. äɐ̯, á/ä, äɐ̯ äː äi̯, äi̯. äu̯, ê, ɐu̯ ʌu̯ äu̯, äu̯. ɐ, ae, ɐ, ɐ. e, e, ɪ ɐ e, e. u̯e è, ø u̯e, u̯e. ei̯, é, ɛ eː ei̯, ei̯. ii̯, i, ii̯ iː i, i. i̯u, u, i̯u i̯y y, y. o, o, ʊ o, o. u̯o, ò, u̯ʌ u̯o, u̯o. ou̯, ó, ɔ oː ou̯, ou̯. i̯o, io, i̯o, i̯o. oi̯, ö, u̯ei̯ u̯eʏ̯ øʏ̯ oi̯ øi̯, øi̯. uu̯, v, uu̯ uː u, u. u̯i, ui, ɯ u̯i ɨ, ɨ. ɥ, l written before any consonant letter, ɥ̥ jʷ ɥ, ɥ. ŋ, h, ŋ̥ ŋ ɳ, ɳ. k, k, x q k, k. d, d/t, d̥ t d, t. f, f, ʋ f, f. t͡s, z, t͡s z s̪, s̪. ɕ, s, ɬ ɕ s, s. ʂ, ç, ʂ t͡ʂ, t͡ʂ. b, b, b̥ p b, b. n, n, n̥ ɲ n, n. m, m, m̥ m, m. Descriptions on writings are about graphemes.
± (Here is under construction.) Words. graphemes. e (/e/) monotransitive verb t (/t/) allograph of d, whether d or t is depend on words. selftransitive verb z (/s̪/) towards it u (/y/) to there i (/i/) object of verb í (/i̯/) object o (/o/) also a (/ä/) noun of verb s (/s/) subject of verb d (/t/) out of it f (/f/) starting from h (/ɳ/) done by it (unlimited to perfective) k (/k/) close (also end close) l (/ɰ/) (free space) l (/ɥ/) (space) ç (/t͡ʂ/) (free space) v (/u/) (free space) ú (/u̯/) (space) b (/b/) (free space) n (/n/) near to it m (/m/) with it lot oneth iot every third zeros, for exsample do. is a number x 1,000,000,000,000. hot unphonemical. second kot unphonemical. third dot unphonemical. fourth tet a number x ten. vot unphonemical. fifth fot unphonemical. sixth zot unphonemical. seventh sot unphonemical. eigth çot unphonemical. nineth bot unphonemical. tenth not unphonemical. eleventh mot unphonemical. twelveth . stop. t.t a point situates after 0. before a 0.0. ' word separator. , half stop. / full stop. // full stop. unphonemical that the word lack phonemic value at the beginning. it is without phonemics dedicated to Ekma lemma, is loanword. xán /χäi̯n/ Nothing. rán /ʀäi̯n/ Nothing. ´ It prolongs the attached phoneme regardless of category. It indicates intonation. Musically high at every beginning of a phrase, rest of the phrase lose original accent. _ It is " " actually. It takes spaces between words. _? A phrase end in ´. _! Loudness. ä allograph to e. â /äu̯/ Phonemically same to eu. 2. /o/ allograph is to o. eu /äu̯/ It is eú alternatively, ev´ in theory. to allograph is toc this, these sa allograph is sac that kind of na allograph is nac I, we le allograph is lei they vi allograph is vie what like va allograph is vae like what tkk empty of ird earth daz allograph is att head of relative clause fsd carrier kvs house lvo mankind mon humanoid