Verse:Lõis/Thurish

Thurish /ˈθɚrɪʃ/ THER-ish (natively þawrysko or þawrysk word /θɐwˈrɨsk woɖ/; þawrysk is cognate to Lith. šiaurė 'north') is a Balto-Slavic language spoken in western Russia, Finland and Scandinavia. It's the most spoken Balto-Slavic language in the Unbegotten timeline; it is neither Baltic nor Slavic, and belongs to its own fictional branch of Balto-Slavic. It has a bit of Slavic like palatalization early on but turns them into geminates or Greekifies them (ly > ll > ɬ etc.).

Warhinysko has lost the Balto-Slavic pitch accent system. Some vowel reflexes differ by accent; the PBS acute makes vowels RTR and thus has RTR-like effects on vowels (i > e, u > o, a > o in some cases). Stress is weakly final.

It is inspired by Welsh, Greek, and Hebrew.

PBS *dōra, *źemē, *waljā, *źwēris > *dōrə, *źemmē₁, *wallā, *ẑē₁rɨ > duar, jehmy, wəllo, ghierə /duər, ðehmɨ, wəɬo, ʀiərə/ "gift, earth, pleasure, animal"

dear? dêr? = tree (derwan > *dē₂r)

• dʰer-mos > dermas 'is suitable' > derm "good" (~ firmus, dharma)

Ăh wordin þawryske derm /əx wɐ'ɖin θəwrɨs'kɛ 'dɛrɛm/ = I speak Thurish well

TODO: Russian/Hebrew-esque vowel reduction

Declension

Warhinysko has 5 cases: nominative, accusative, oblique-ergative, genitive, and vocative. The oblique-ergative was formed from a merger of the PBS dative, instrumental and locative cases.

Like Baltic and unlike Slavic, Warhinysko has merged masculine and neuter genders. However, like in Slavic languages, there is an animacy distinction in the masculine gender: the accusative case is the same as the genitive for masculine animate nouns and the same as the nominative for other nouns.

o-stem declension

	wylk = wolf (m.)		guolo = head (f.)		morr /mor̥/ = sea (m.)
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
Nominative	wylk	wylke	guolo	guolos	morr	morre
Genitive	wylka	wylku	guolos	guolu	morra	morru
Accusative	wylka	wylku	guolo	guolos	morr	morre
Oblique-Ergative	wylki	wylkăn	guole	guolon	morri	morrăn
Vocative	wylky!	wylke!	guolă!	guolos!	morry!	morre!

ma-declension

	werrma = time (m.)		karma = result (m.)*
	singular	plural	singular	plural
Nominative	werrma	werrmyno	karma	karmyno
Genitive	werrmyn	werrmynu	karmyn	karmynu
Accusative	werrma	werrmyno	karma	karmyno
Oblique-Ergative	werrmyni	werrmynăn	karmyni	karmynăn
Vocative	werrma!	werrmyno!	karma!	karmyno!

(*In-universe source of the English word karma)

Pronouns

case	1sg.	2sg. (familiar)	3sg.			1pl.	2pl., polite	3pl.		refl.
			m. (inan.)	f.	m. (inan.)			m.	f.
nom.	ăh	tu	săn	so	tăt	nus	wus	se	sos	-
acc.	myna	twa	ja	jo	tăt	năs	wăs	jus	jos	swa
gen.	myn, possessive min	tyw, possessive tin	ja	jos	ta	nas, possessive nasyn	was, possessive wasyn	juhu	johu	syw, possessive sin
obl.	myni	twi	jam	je	tam	nan	wan	jun	jon	swi

Verbs

Warhynisko has three different regular verb paradigms:

• -oþ verbs (merger of Lithuanian -oti, PS -ati and Lithuanian -ėti, PS -ěti; verbs that come from -ēʔtei become Greekified); e.g. jynoþ 'to know' (~ Pol. znać, Lith. žinoti); uðoþ 'to move' (~ Lith. judėti); ustêtoþ 'to result (from)' (~ Lith. tekėti)
• -iþ verbs (~ Lithuanian -yti, PS -iti); e.g. ărbiþ 'to work'; wordiþ 'to speak'
• -þ or -t verbs (~ Lithuanian -ti, PS -ti); e.g. nest, neþ- 'to carry'

jynoþ 'to know':

• Present tense: jynon, jynoh, jyno, jynomy, jynoþy, jynos
• Present participle: jynos (m sg), jynosy (f sg), jynosi (m pl), jynosys (f pl)
• Past participle: jynot (m sg), jynoto (f sg), jynote (m pl), jynotos (f pl)
  • Past tense: jynot es, jynote sos
• Future tense: jynos bûsu, jynos bûs, jynos bus, jynosi bûsmy, jynosi bûsy, jynosi bus
• Imperative: jynon! (sg), jynosyn! (pl)

Conjugation of beroþ 'to give birth' (irregular):

• Present tense: berăn, berăh, ber, berămy, berăþy, beras
• Past tense (suppletive, from *eḱs + imti, also split ergative): hymt(o) es, hymte/os es
  • agreement of the participle is with the direct object, unless the object is 1st or 2nd person in which case it's just "hymt es"

Sample text

UDHR

Wyþe llawðe sy răðis sobyne i arwyne yn sne gădynaþi i 'n snăn tiestwăn. Saws se yndărote su arrumi i săwesti i saws winyne păstămpoþ nopri inin yn dawsi broþyrtwa.