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Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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| <p>Word stress is <b>always</b> put on the last vowel. But if you | | <p>Word stress is <b>always</b> put on the last vowel. But if you |
| want to emphasize a word then you may stress another syllable. | | want to emphasize a word then you may stress another syllable. |
|
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| =Writing Systems=
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td colspan=3>Latin<td rowspan=2>Cirillic<td rowspan=2>Arabic<td rowspan=2>IPA
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| <tr><td>ASCII<td>Common<td>Rational
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| <tr><th>A a<th>A a<th>A a<th>А а<th>ا<th>a
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| <tr><th>B b<th>B b<th>B b<th>Б б<th>ب<th>b
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| <tr><th>C c<th>C c<th>C c<th>Ч ч<th>چ<th>tɕ
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| <tr><th>D d<th>D d<th>D d<th>Д д<th>د<th>d
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| <tr><th>E e<th>E e<th>Â â<th>Е е<th>اِ<th>æ
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| <tr><th>F f<th>F f<th>F f<th>Ф ф<th>ف<th>f
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| <tr><th>G g<th>G g<th>G g<th>Г г<th>گ<th>g
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| <tr><th>H h<th>H h<th>H h<th>Х х<th>ه<th>h
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| <tr><th>I i<th>İ i<th>Î î<th>И и<th>ىِ<th>i
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| <tr><th>J j<th>J j<th>J j<th>Й й<th>ي<th>j
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| <tr><th>K k<th>K k<th>K k<th>К к<th>ك<th>k
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| <tr><th>L l<th>L l<th>L l<th>Л л<th>ل<th>l
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| <tr><th>M m<th>M m<th>M m<th>М м<th>م<th>m
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| <tr><th>N n<th>N n<th>N n<th>Н н<th>ن<th>n
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| <tr><th>O o<th>O o<th>O o<th>О о<th>و<th>o
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| <tr><th>O' o'<th>Ö ö<th>Ô ô<th>Ё ё<th>وِ<th>œ
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| <tr><th>P p<th>P p<th>P p<th>П п<th>پ<th>p
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| <tr><th>Q q<th>Ŋ ŋ<th>Ñ ñ<th>Ң ң<th>ڭ<th>ŋ
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| <tr><th>R r<th>R r<th>R r<th>Р р<th>ر<th>r
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| <tr><th>S s<th>S s<th>S s<th>С с<th>س<th>s
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| <tr><th>T t<th>T t<th>T t<th>Т т<th>ت<th>t
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| <tr><th>U u<th>U u<th>U u<th>У у<th>ىُ<th>u
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| <tr><th>V v<th>Ü ü<th>Û û<th>Ю ю<th>ىُِ<th>y
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| <tr><th>W w<th>W w<th>W w<th>В в<th>ۋ<th>β
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| <tr><th>X x<th>Ş ş<th>Ş ş<th>Ш ш<th>ش<th>ʃ
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| <tr><th>Y y<th>I ı<th>I ı<th>Ы ы<th>ى<th>ɯ
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| <tr><th>Z z<th>Z z<th>Z z<th>З з<th>ز<th>z
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| <tr><th>`<th>`<th>`<th>Ъ ъ<th>ء<th>ʔ
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| </table>
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|
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| =Writing Examples
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td colspan=3>Latin<td rowspan=2>Cirillic<td rowspan=2>Arabic<td rowspan=2>IPA<td rowspan=2>Translation
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| <tr><td>ASCII<td>Common<td>Rational
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| <tr><th>tax<th>taş<th>taş<th>таш<th>تاش<th>taʃ<th>stone
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| <tr><th>sekiz<th>sekiz<th>sâkız<th>секиз<th>ساِكىِز <br>سِاكىز<th>sækiz<th>eight
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| <tr><th>altyncy<th>altıncı<th>altıncı<th>алтынчы<th>التىنچى<th>altɯnt͡ɕɯ <th>sixth
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| <tr><th>vcnci<th>ücnci<th>ûcncı<th>ючнчи<th>ىُِچنچىِ <br> ِىُچنچى<th>yt͡ɕnt͡ɕy<th>third
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| <tr><th>mv`min<th>mü`min<th>mû`mın<th>мюъмин<th>مىُِءمىِن <br>مِىُءمىن<th>myʔmin<th>believer
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| <tr><th>gvzellik<th>güzellik<th>gûzallık<th>гюзеллик<th>گىُِزاِللىِك<br>گُِىزاللىك<th>gyzællik<th>beauty
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| <tr><th>to'qereksq<th>töŋereksŋ<th>tôñaraksñ<th>тёңерексң<th>توِڭاِراِكسڭ<br>تِوڭاراكسڭ<th>tœŋæræksŋ<th>you are round
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| </table>
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|
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| =Parts of Speach
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| <ol>
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| <li>Noun<ul><li>Pronoun<li>Masdar</ul>
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| <li>Particle
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| <ul type=circle>
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| <li>Joint<ul><li>Whose-ness<li>Who-ness<li>Suffix<li>Prefix</ul>
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| <li>Separate<ul><li>Postposition<li>Conjunction</ul>
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| </ul>
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| <li>Verb
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| <li>Adjective<ul><li>Numeral<li>Participle</ul>
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| <li>Adverb<ul><li>Gerund</ul>
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| <li>Interjection
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| </ol>
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|
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| =Noun
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|
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| =Personal pronouns
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td><td>Singular<td>Plural
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| <tr><td>1st person<th>ben<th>biz
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| <tr><td>2nd person<th>sen<th>siz
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| <tr><td>3rd person<th>o<th>olar
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| </table>
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|
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| =Masdars
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| <p>There are two masdars (verbal nouns): <b>V+w</b> and <b>V+mak/mek</b>:
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| <p><b>İstanbulda jaşamaknı/jaşawnı umut etemn.</b> <i>I am hoping to live in Istanbul.</i>
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|
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| =Particle
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|
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| =Whose-ness & Who-ness
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td><td>Whose<td>Who<td>Verb Whose
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| <tr><td>ben<th>-m<th>-mn<th>-m
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| <tr><td>sen<th>-ŋ<th>-sŋ<th>-ŋ
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| <tr><td>o<th>ı / i<th>(-dr)<th>(-dr)
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| <tr><td>biz<th>-mz<th>-bz<th>-k
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| <tr><td>siz<th>-ŋz<th>-sz<th>-ŋz
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| <tr><td>olar<th>(lar)ı / (ler)i<th>[lar(dr) / ler(dr)]<th>[lar / ler]
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| </table>
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| <p><b>Benniŋ başm.</b> <i>My head.</i> — <b>Ben kücikmn.</b> <i>I am small/little.</i><br>
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| <b>Senniŋ kişiŋ.</b> <i>Your man.</i> — <b>Sen büjiksŋ.</b> <i>You are big.</i><br>
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| <b>Onıŋ ewi.</b> <i>His/Her/Its home.</i> — <b>O iyi(dr).</b> <i>He is good.</i><br>
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| <b>Bizniŋ cocıklar.</b> <i>Our children.</i> — <b>Biz warlıklıbz.</b> <i>We are rich.</i><br>
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| <b>Sizniŋ işŋz.</b> <i>Your work.</i> — <b>Siz bahcadasz.</b> <i>You are in the garden.</i><br>
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| <b>Olarnıŋ birleri.</b> <i>One of them.</i> — <b>Olar atsızlar.</b> <i>They are without horses.</i><br>
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| <p><b>Kızm we ogılm güzeller.</b>
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| <i>My daughter and my son are beautiful.</i>
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| <br><b>Kara közlerŋni sewemn.</b>
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| <i>I love your black eyes.</i>
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| <br><b>Buda kimŋz war?</b>
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| <i>Which if you is here?</i>
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| <p>These particles are also used in verb conjugation
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| except that <b>ı / i</b> is omitted in the 3rd person
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| and <b>-mz</b> is changed for just <b>-k</b>.
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| And I use these abbreviations:
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| <p><b>τ</b> — from Greek <b>τίνος</b> <i>whose</i>,<br>
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| <b>π</b> — from Greek <b>ποιος</b> <i>who</i>.
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|
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| =Verb
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| The basic and shortest verb form (denoted by <b>V</b>)
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| is at the same time 2nd person singular imperative. The negative
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| form is <b>V+ma/me</b>:
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| <p><b>Okı!</b> <i>Read!</i> — <b>Okıma!</b> <i>Don't read!</i><br>
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| <b>İc!</b> <i>Drink!</i> — <b>İcme!</b> <i>Don't drink!</i><br>
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| <b>Jat!</b> <i>Lie (down)!</i> — <b>Jatma!</b> <i>Don't lie (down)!</i>
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|
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| =Voices
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td>Passive<th>-l
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| <tr><td>Reflexive<th>-n
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| <tr><td>Causative<th>-t<br>dır/dir
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| <tr><td>Reciprocal<th>-ş
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| </table>
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| <p><b>Bak</b> <i>Look</i><br>
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| <b>Bakl</b> <i>Be looked at</i><br>
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| <b>Bakn</b> <i>Look at oneself</i><br>
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| <b>Bakt / Bakdır</b> <i>Make look</i><br>
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| <b>Bakş</b> <i>Look at one another</i>
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| <p><b>Kişiler warda öpşmeŋz!</b> <i>Don't kiss in presence of other people!</i><br>
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| <b>Kitaplar bulaj yazlmar.</b> <i>Books aren't written this way.</i><br>
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| <b>Kişiler warda öpşmeŋz!</b> <i>Don't kiss in presence of others!</i><br>
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| <b>Kişiler warda öpşmeŋz!</b> <i>Don't kiss in presence of others!</i><br>
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|
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| =Tenses & Moods
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td><td>Simple<td>In the Past
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| <tr><td>Sure Future<th>V+acak/ecek+π<th>V+acak/ecek idi+τ
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| <tr><td>Present-Future<th>V+r+π<th>V+r idi+τ
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| <tr><td>Present<th>V+a/e+π<th>V+a/e idi+τ
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| <tr><td>Past<th>V+dı/di+τ<th rowspan=2>V+mış/miş idi+τ
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| <tr><td>Unsure Past<th>V+mış/miş+π
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| <tr><td>Conditional<th>V+sa/se+τ<th>V+sa/se idi+τ
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| </table>
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|
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| =Adjective
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|
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| =Numbers
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td>0<td>1<td>2<td>3<td>4<td>5<td>6<td>7<td>8<td>9
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| <tr><th>nöl<th>bir<th>iki<th>üc<th>tört<th>beş<th>altı<th>jedi<th>sekiz<th>tokız
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| <tr><td>
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| <tr><td>10<td>11<td>20<td>30<td>40<td>50<td>60<td>70<td>80<td>90
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| <tr><th>on<th>on bir<th>jirmi<th>otız<th>kırk<th>elli<th>altmış<th>jetmiş<th>seksen<th>toksan
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| <tr><td>
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| <tr><td>100<td>143<td>200<td>1000<td>8765<td>1 000 000<td>1 000 000 000<td>1 000 000 000 000
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| <tr><th>jüz<th>jüz kırk üc<th>iki jüz<th>miŋ<th>sekiz miŋ jedi jüz altmış beş<th>miljon<th>miljar<th>triljon
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| </table>
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|
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| =Participles
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| <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center>
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| <tr><td>Present
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| <tr><td>Present
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| <tr><td>Present
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| <tr><td>Present
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| <tr><td>Present
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| </table>
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|
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| =Adverb
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| =Interjection
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|
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| =Writing Systems= | | =Writing Systems= |
