Jaqatil: Difference between revisions

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==Vowels==
==Vowels==
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<tr><th rowspan=2><th colspan=2>Front<th colspan=2>Back
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<tr><th>unrounded<th>rounded<th>unrounded<th>rounded

Revision as of 18:50, 21 January 2021

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Yangatil
Jaŋatil
Star and Crescent.svg
Pronunciation[/jaŋa'til/]
Created byYaqatil
Altaic
  • Turkic
    • Yangatil
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

What & Why Jaŋatil?

Jaŋatil is a common Turkic language.

Sounds

Consonants

BilabialLabiodentalDentalPostalveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivep   bt   dk   gʔ
Fricativeβfs   zʃh
Affricate
Nasalmnŋ
Trillr
Approximantlj
  • /f/, /h/, /ʔ/ are only used in loanwords.
  • /v/ or /w/ are allowed instead of /β/.
  • /tʃ/, /ts/ or /ɕ/ are allowed instead of /tɕ/.
  • At the beginning of a word /dʒ/, /dz/, /dʑ/, /ʑ/ or /ʒ/ are allowed instead of /j/.
  • /h/ is interchangeable with /χ/.
  • In a hard context /q/, /ʁ/ (/ɣ/) are allowed instead of /k/, /g/ respectively.
  • In a soft context /kj/, /gj/, /lj/ are allowed instead of /k/, /g/, /l/ respectively.
  • In native words the difference between p/t/k and b/d/g, isn't very meaningful.

Vowels

FrontBack
unroundedroundedunroundedrounded
Closeiyɯu
Openæœao

Characteristics of the vowels

StrongWeak
unroundedroundedunroundedrounded
Hardaoɯu
Softæœiy

Vowel harmony

In a native Jaŋatil word each vowel must be either soft (front) or hard (back). This is called front/back harmony. The same is true for loanwords with the exception of letter i — we can combine it not only with the soft e, i, ö, ü but also with the hard a, ı, o, u. Thus any loanword written in the standard Latin alphabet can be borrowed without change.

There is no rounded/unrounded harmony in the written language. Therefore in native words the weak rounded vowels u, ü may only be in the first syllable. However, one should round ı, i while speaking when they come immediately after a rounded vowel.

Word stress

Word stress is always put on the last vowel. But if you want to emphasize a word then you may stress another syllable.

Writing Systems

LatinCirillicArabicIPA
ASCIICommonRational
A aA aA aА аاa
B bB bB bБ бبb
C cC cC cЧ чچ
D dD dD dД дدd
E eE e âЕ еاِæ
F fF fF fФ фفf
G gG gG gГ гگg
H hH hH hХ хهh
I iİ iÎ îИ иىِi
J jJ jJ jЙ йيj
K kK kK kК кكk
L lL lL lЛ лلl
M mM mM mМ мمm
N nN nN nН нنn
O oO oO oО оوo
O' o'Ö öÔ ôЁ ёوِœ
P pP pP pП пپp
Q qŊ ŋÑ ñҢ ңڭŋ
R rR rR rР рرr
S sS sS sС сسs
T tT tT tТ тتt
U uU uU uУ уىُu
V vÜ üÛ ûЮ юىُِy
W wW wW wВ вۋβ
X xŞ şŞ şШ шشʃ
Y yI ıI ıЫ ыىɯ
Z zZ zZ zЗ зزz
```Ъ ъءʔ

Writing Examples

LatinCirillicArabicIPATranslation
ASCIICommonRational
taxtaştaşташتاشtaʃstone
sekizsekizsâkızсекизساِكىِز
سِاكىز
sækizeight
altyncyaltıncıaltıncıалтынчыالتىنچىaltɯnt͡ɕɯ sixth
vcnciücnciûcncıючнчиىُِچنچىِ
ِىُچنچى
yt͡ɕnt͡ɕythird
mv`minmü`minmû`mınмюъминمىُِءمىِن
مِىُءمىن
myʔminbeliever
gvzellikgüzellikgûzallıkгюзелликگىُِزاِللىِك
گُِىزاللىك
gyzællikbeauty
to'qereksqtöŋereksŋtôñaraksñтёңерексңتوِڭاِراِكسڭ
تِوڭاراكسڭ
tœŋæræksŋyou are round

Parts of Speech

  1. Noun
    • Pronoun
    • Masdar
  2. Particle
    • Joint
      • Whose-ness
      • Who-ness
      • Suffix
      • Prefix
    • Separate
      • Postposition
      • Conjunction
  3. Verb
  4. Adjective
    • Numeral
    • Participle
  5. Adverb
    • Gerund
  6. Interjection

Noun

Personal pronouns

SingularPlural
1st personbenbiz
2nd personsensiz
3rd personoolar

Masdars

There are two masdars (verbal nouns): V+w and V+mak/mek:

İstanbulda jaşamaknı/jaşawnı umut etemn. I am hoping to live in Istanbul.

Particle

Whose-ness & Who-ness

WhoseWhoVerb Whose
ben-m-mn-m
sen-sŋ
oı / i(-dr)(-dr)
biz-mz-bz-k
siz-ŋz-sz-ŋz
olar(lar)ı / (ler)i[lar(dr) / ler(dr)][lar / ler]

Benniŋ başm. My head.Ben kücikmn. I am small/little.
Senniŋ kişiŋ. Your man.Sen büjiksŋ. You are big.
Onıŋ ewi. His/Her/Its home.O iyi(dr). He is good.
Bizniŋ cocıklar. Our children.Biz warlıklıbz. We are rich.
Sizniŋ işŋz. Your work.Siz bahcadasz. You are in the garden.
Olarnıŋ birleri. One of them.Olar atsızlar. They are without horses.

Kızm we ogılm güzeller. My daughter and my son are beautiful.
Kara közlerŋni sewemn. I love your black eyes.
Buda kimŋz war? Which if you is here?

These particles are also used in verb conjugation except that ı / i is omitted in the 3rd person and -mz is changed for just -k. And I use these abbreviations:

τ — from Greek τίνος whose,
π — from Greek ποιος who.

Verb

The basic and shortest verb form (denoted by V) is at the same time 2nd person singular imperative. The negative form is V+ma/me:

Okı!   Read!   —   Okıma!   Don't read!
İc!   Drink!   —   İcme!   Don't drink!
Jat!   Lie (down)!   —   Jatma!   Don't lie (down)!

Voices

Passive-l
Reflexive-n
Causative-t
dır/dir
Reciprocal

Bak Look
Bakl Be looked at
Bakn Look at oneself
Bakt / Bakdır Make look
Bakş Look at one another

Kişiler warda öpşmeŋz! Don't kiss in presence of other people!
Kitaplar bulaj yazlmar. Books aren't written this way.
Kişiler warda öpşmeŋz! Don't kiss in presence of others!
Kişiler warda öpşmeŋz! Don't kiss in presence of others!

Tenses & Moods

SimpleIn the Past
Sure FutureV+acak/ecek+πV+acak/ecek idi+τ
Present-FutureV+r+πV+r idi+τ
PresentV+a/e+πV+a/e idi+τ
PastV+dı/di+τV+mış/miş idi+τ
Unsure PastV+mış/miş+π
ConditionalV+sa/se+τV+sa/se idi+τ

Adjective

Numbers

0123456789
nölbirikiüctörtbeşaltıjedisekiztokız
10112030405060708090
onon birjirmiotızkırkellialtmışjetmişseksentoksan
100143200100087651 000 0001 000 000 0001 000 000 000 000
jüzjüz kırk üciki jüzmiŋsekiz miŋ jedi jüz altmış beşmiljonmiljartriljon

Participles

Present
Present
Present
Present
Present

Adverb

Interjection