Nostratic: Difference between revisions

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'''Indo-Semito-Camalic''', sometimes referred to as '''Noahic''', is a proposed family conjectured by some [[Verse:Lõis|Lõisian]] linguists, including the Indo-European, Semitic, Egyptian and [[Camalic]] languages.
'''Nostratic''' is a proposed family conjectured by some [[Verse:Lõis|Lõisian]] linguists, including the Indo-European, Uralic, Inuit, Paleosiberian, [[Siészal]], Semitic, Egyptian and [[Camalic]] languages.


A comprehensive Proto-Indo-Semito-Camalic grammar, including a few fables, was sketched by the linguist and doctor [name]. He also proposed two older macrofamilies linking:
==Todo==
*Paleo-Iranian languages, Corded Ware languages and Harappan ("Paleoborean"); and
 
*Sumerian, Tbaic and South Indian languages ("Austric").
Reintroduce Nostratic and Uralic?
Though they are not taken seriously by contemporary linguists, they influenced [conlanger]'s Elvish languages.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==


Two series of stops (a third, ejective series was created from clusters with glottal stops)
Proto-Noahic had two series of stops. A third, ejective series was created in IE and Semitic from stop clusters; but in Proto-Camalic those clusters resulted in stød.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==


Proto-Indo-Semito-Camalic didn't have grammatical gender; gender evolved separately in the three branches.
Proto-Noahic didn't have grammatical gender; gender evolved separately in the three branches.


Verbs had prefix conjugations and suffix conjugations like PSem or Lõisian PIE.
Verbs had prefix conjugations and suffix conjugations like PSem or Lõisian PIE.
Proto-Noahic had a basic ablaut system (possibly based on Schwebeablaut), and ablaut evolved further in IE, Egypto-Semitic, and Camalic.


==Proposed roots==
==Proposed roots==
*1st person *n
*1st person *m/n
*1st person *ʔ (PIE *h₁eg'Hom ~ PSem *ʔ- 1sg prefix)
*2nd person *t
*2nd person *t
*demonstrative/relativizer *s (PIE só/swe; PSem *šuʔa)
*demonstrative/reflexive *s ~ sw (PIE só/swe; PSem *šuʔa 'he', √š-w-y 'equal'; Egy swt, -s; PUral *se)
*adverbial -m (PIE acc. sg. *-m, PSem "adverbial acc." *-am)
*demonstrative *D (PIE *tód, Semitic *ðū; PUral *to)
*interrogative/"like" *k ~ kw (PIE *kʷód 'what', *-kʷe 'and'; Semitic *ka- 'like'; PUral *ku)
*relativizer *y ~ genitive/adjectival *-i (IE: *yos/*-yo-; Semitic: genitive *-i, nisba *-iyy-)
*relativizer *y ~ genitive/adjectival *-i (IE: *yos/*-yo-; Semitic: genitive *-i, nisba *-iyy-)
*demonstrative *D (PIE *tód, Semitic *ðū)
*causative *-y- (PIE *-éyeti, Semitic root extensions with 3rd root letter *y)  
*causative *-y- (PIE *-éyeti, Semitic root extensions with 3rd root letter *y)  
*nominalizer *-t (PIE *-tís/-tús, Semitic feminine *-t)
*ablative/nominalizer *-t (PIE *-tís/-tús, Semitic feminine *-t)
*ISC *med ~ medʔ -> *PIE *med- 'to measure' ~ PSem *m-d-d 'to measure'
*ISC *med ~ medʔ -> *PIE *med- 'to measure' ~ PSem *m-d-d 'to measure'
*ISC *widq -> *PIE *weyd- 'to see' ~ PSem *(y/w)-d-ʕ 'to know'
*ISC *widq -> *PIE *weyd- 'to see' ~ PSem *(y/w)-d-ʕ 'to know'
*ISC *sek ~ sekw ~ seky -> *PIE *sekʷ- 'to see' ~ PSem *s-k-y 'to foresee'
*ISC *sek ~ sekw ~ seky -> *PIE *sekʷ- 'to see' ~ PSem *s-k-y 'to foresee'
*ISC *x̣iw -> *PIE *h₂yew- 'to live' ~ PSem *ħ-y-w 'to live'
*ISC *x̣iw -> *PIE *h₂yew- 'to live' ~ PSem *ħ-y-w 'to live'
*ISC *wer ~ werʔ -> *PIE *wer- 'to fear' ~ PSem *(y/w)-r-ʔ 'to fear'
*ISC *wer ~ werʔ -> *PIE *wer- 'to fear' ~ PSem *y/w-r-ʔ 'to fear'
*ISC *kʔum -> *PIE *gʷem- 'to come' ~ PSem *q-(w)-m 'to rise'
*ISC *kʔum -> *PIE *gʷem- 'to come' ~ PSem *q-(w)-m 'to rise'
*ISC *buʔ -> *PIE *bʰuH- 'to be' ~ PSem *b-(w)-ʔ 'to come'
*ISC *buʔ -> *PIE *bʰuH- 'to be' ~ PSem *b-(w)-ʔ 'to come'
*ISC *ʔil -> *PIE *h₁el- 'deer, elk' ~ PSem *ʔayyal- 'stag, hart'
*ISC *ʔil -> *PIE *h₁el- 'deer, elk' ~ PSem *ʔayyal- 'stag, hart'
*PIE *táwros 'bull' ~ PSem *θawr-
*ISC *θawr -> PIE *táwros 'bull' ~ PSem *θawr-
*ISC *ɣel -> *PIE *h₂el- 'grow, nourish; beyond, other' ~ PSem *ʕalay 'upon', *ʕ-l-y 'to rise'
*ISC *ɣel -> *PIE *h₂el- 'grow, nourish; beyond, other' ~ PSem *ʕalay 'upon', *ʕ-l-y 'to rise'
*PIE *sweḱs '6' ~ PSem *šidþ-
*ISC *sebɣ -> PIE *septṃ '7' ~ PSem *šabʕ- ~ Eg. sfḫw
*PIE *septṃ '7' ~ PSem *šabʕ-
*ISC *men -> PIE *men 'to think, to warn, to mind' ~ PSem *m-n-ʕ 'to avoid, to prevent', *m-n-w 'to count'
*ISC *berg -> PIE *bhergh ~ PSem *b-r-g


==Sound correspondences==
==Sound correspondences==


*PIE h₁/y ~ PSem y (e.g. dual -oh₁ in PIE ~ -aym in PSem, PIE *h₁es ~ PSem *yiθ, PIE *h₁oynos originally from a 3sg pronoun ~ PSem *ya- 3sg prefix)
*PIE h₁/y ~ PSem y (e.g. PIE *h₁es ~ PSem *yiθ, PIE *h₁oynos originally from a 3sg pronoun ~ PSem *ya- 3sg prefix)
*PIE h₂ ~ PSem ħ/ʕ
*PIE h₁ ~ PSem ʔ
 
[[Category:Linguistic theories]]
[[Category:Linguistic theories]]

Latest revision as of 21:07, 28 August 2021

Nostratic is a proposed family conjectured by some Lõisian linguists, including the Indo-European, Uralic, Inuit, Paleosiberian, Siészal, Semitic, Egyptian and Camalic languages.

Todo

Reintroduce Nostratic and Uralic?

Phonology

Proto-Noahic had two series of stops. A third, ejective series was created in IE and Semitic from stop clusters; but in Proto-Camalic those clusters resulted in stød.

Grammar

Proto-Noahic didn't have grammatical gender; gender evolved separately in the three branches.

Verbs had prefix conjugations and suffix conjugations like PSem or Lõisian PIE.

Proto-Noahic had a basic ablaut system (possibly based on Schwebeablaut), and ablaut evolved further in IE, Egypto-Semitic, and Camalic.

Proposed roots

  • 1st person *m/n
  • 1st person *ʔ (PIE *h₁eg'Hom ~ PSem *ʔ- 1sg prefix)
  • 2nd person *t
  • demonstrative/reflexive *s ~ sw (PIE só/swe; PSem *šuʔa 'he', √š-w-y 'equal'; Egy swt, -s; PUral *se)
  • adverbial -m (PIE acc. sg. *-m, PSem "adverbial acc." *-am)
  • demonstrative *D (PIE *tód, Semitic *ðū; PUral *to)
  • interrogative/"like" *k ~ kw (PIE *kʷód 'what', *-kʷe 'and'; Semitic *ka- 'like'; PUral *ku)
  • relativizer *y ~ genitive/adjectival *-i (IE: *yos/*-yo-; Semitic: genitive *-i, nisba *-iyy-)
  • causative *-y- (PIE *-éyeti, Semitic root extensions with 3rd root letter *y)
  • ablative/nominalizer *-t (PIE *-tís/-tús, Semitic feminine *-t)
  • ISC *med ~ medʔ -> *PIE *med- 'to measure' ~ PSem *m-d-d 'to measure'
  • ISC *widq -> *PIE *weyd- 'to see' ~ PSem *(y/w)-d-ʕ 'to know'
  • ISC *sek ~ sekw ~ seky -> *PIE *sekʷ- 'to see' ~ PSem *s-k-y 'to foresee'
  • ISC *x̣iw -> *PIE *h₂yew- 'to live' ~ PSem *ħ-y-w 'to live'
  • ISC *wer ~ werʔ -> *PIE *wer- 'to fear' ~ PSem *y/w-r-ʔ 'to fear'
  • ISC *kʔum -> *PIE *gʷem- 'to come' ~ PSem *q-(w)-m 'to rise'
  • ISC *buʔ -> *PIE *bʰuH- 'to be' ~ PSem *b-(w)-ʔ 'to come'
  • ISC *ʔil -> *PIE *h₁el- 'deer, elk' ~ PSem *ʔayyal- 'stag, hart'
  • ISC *θawr -> PIE *táwros 'bull' ~ PSem *θawr-
  • ISC *ɣel -> *PIE *h₂el- 'grow, nourish; beyond, other' ~ PSem *ʕalay 'upon', *ʕ-l-y 'to rise'
  • ISC *sebɣ -> PIE *septṃ '7' ~ PSem *šabʕ- ~ Eg. sfḫw
  • ISC *men -> PIE *men 'to think, to warn, to mind' ~ PSem *m-n-ʕ 'to avoid, to prevent', *m-n-w 'to count'
  • ISC *berg -> PIE *bhergh ~ PSem *b-r-g

Sound correspondences

  • PIE h₁/y ~ PSem y (e.g. PIE *h₁es ~ PSem *yiθ, PIE *h₁oynos originally from a 3sg pronoun ~ PSem *ya- 3sg prefix)
  • PIE h₂ ~ PSem ħ/ʕ
  • PIE h₁ ~ PSem ʔ
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