Roshterian/Proto-Roshterian: Difference between revisions

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'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.
'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.


*stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)
**yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress
*Old Irishy allomorphy
*''ā'' > ''iə''
==Some words==
==Some words==
*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > breit, breiti- "woman"
*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
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*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
*som, sam > hum "he"
*som, sam > hum "he"
*sausmam > hauma "moon" > hoom
*sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
*Final -r has been deleted in endings
*Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
a e i o u ə ö ü ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw
a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw


ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL
ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL
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|   
|   
|}
|}
The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.


===Stress===
===Stress===
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| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''
| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''
|}
|}
Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.
<!--
<!--
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs have absolute and conjunct stems, much like in Old Irish. With a preverb or an ''incorporandum'' (incorporated noun stem), the conjunct form is used.
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].
 
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages]. Old Irish-style absolute-conjunct: How is it realized?
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ Verb stress patterns in Pre-Roshterian [immediately after stress shift]
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Preverb
! style="width: 100px;" | 1 (first)
!  style="width: 100px;" | ...
!  style="width: 100px;" | n-1 (penult)
!  style="width: 100px;" | n (final)
|-
! Absolute
| ''-'' || '''secondary''' || unstressed || '''primary''' || unstressed
|-
! Conjunct
| '''secondary''' || unstressed || unstressed|| '''primary''' || unstressed
|}
 
Handwave: This creates a succession of unstressed syllables in the conjunct form which gets smooshed together in Old Roshterian


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===

Latest revision as of 19:55, 31 December 2021

Old Roshterian is the reconstructed intermediate stage between Proto-Talmic and Roshterian. It was spoken approximately at the same time Thensarian was spoken.

Some words

  • φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
  • tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
  • bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
  • soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
  • kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
  • snuwem "round" > OR nǖ "fat" > ṉii "big"
  • mārom "tree" > OR miəro "tree" > miar
  • dēdī > dēdii "tears" > ḏeeḏ
  • gwaθwā > baṱu "throat" > batu
  • nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
  • som, sam > hum "he"
  • sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
  • sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
  • Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings

Phonology

Vowels

a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw

ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Medial Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal *m *ṋ *n
Plosive voiceless *p *ṱ *t *k *q
voiced *b *ḓ *d *g
Fricative voiceless *s *h
voiced
Resonant *w *ḽ *l, *r *y

The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.

Stress

The initial stress in Proto-Talmic had shifted to penultimate by Pre-Roshterian. (becomes ultimate stress in Roshterian after final vowels are deleted)

Morphology

Nouns

Case? Maybe just absolute/construct

ḽatnə 'seed'
Construct Singular Plural
ḽatnai ḽatnə hēḽatnə

Nouns also have an incorporated form or an incorporandum, used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.

Verbs

The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].

Pronouns

Singular Plural
1 *ṋiə *iəm
1 + 2 ???
2 *wēr ???
3 (masculine) *hum ???
3 (feminine) *hī
3 (inanimate) *he
4 (obviative) *pī