Roshterian/Proto-Roshterian: Difference between revisions
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'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken. | '''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken. | ||
==Some words== | ==Some words== | ||
*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)" | *φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)" | ||
*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)" | *tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)" | ||
*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > | *bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman" | ||
*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite- | *soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite- | ||
*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost) | *kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost) | ||
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*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia | *nā > ṋiə "I" > nia | ||
*som, sam > hum "he" | *som, sam > hum "he" | ||
*sausmam > | *sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof | ||
*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ | *sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ | ||
*Final -r | *Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
a e i o u ə ö ü ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw | a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw | ||
ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL | ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL | ||
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The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched. | |||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
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| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə'' | | ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation. | |||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages]. | |||
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages]. | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:55, 31 December 2021
Old Roshterian is the reconstructed intermediate stage between Proto-Talmic and Roshterian. It was spoken approximately at the same time Thensarian was spoken.
Some words
- φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
- tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
- bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
- soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
- kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
- snuwem "round" > OR nǖ "fat" > ṉii "big"
- mārom "tree" > OR miəro "tree" > miar
- dēdī > dēdii "tears" > ḏeeḏ
- gwaθwā > baṱu "throat" > batu
- nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
- som, sam > hum "he"
- sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
- sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
- Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings
Phonology
Vowels
a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw
ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Medial | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | *m | *ṋ | *n | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | *p | *ṱ | *t | *k | *q | |||
| voiced | *b | *ḓ | *d | *g | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | *s | *σ | *h | |||||
| voiced | *ζ | *ʁ | |||||||
| Resonant | *w | *ḽ | *l, *r | *y | |||||
The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.
Stress
The initial stress in Proto-Talmic had shifted to penultimate by Pre-Roshterian. (becomes ultimate stress in Roshterian after final vowels are deleted)
Morphology
Nouns
Case? Maybe just absolute/construct
| Construct | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| ḽatnai | ḽatnə | hēḽatnə |
Nouns also have an incorporated form or an incorporandum, used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.
Verbs
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].
Pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | *ṋiə | *iəm |
| 1 + 2 | ??? | |
| 2 | *wēr | ??? |
| 3 (masculine) | *hum | ??? |
| 3 (feminine) | *hī | |
| 3 (inanimate) | *he | |
| 4 (obviative) | *pī | |