Verse:Schngellstein/Padmanábha: Difference between revisions

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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Old|Old {{PAGENAME}}]]


'''Padmanábha''' /'pæð.n̩.'niə.b̥e/ 'commoners' language as opposed to Camalanàbha' or '''Padmapradhána''' /...pʁɑ̈.'tʰiə.n̩/ is a [[Camalic]] language spoken in Irta's Morocco. It has borrowed from [[Camalanàbha]] during the Old Padmanábha stage.
'''Padmanábha''' /'pæð.n̩.'niə.b̥e/ or '''Padmapradhána''' /...pʁɑ̈.'tʰiə.n̩/ is a [[Verse:Crackfic Irta/Camalic]] language spoken in a Trician Island in Crackfic Tricin, called ''Padmas'' /'pæð.n̩s/ in the language. It's a descendant of [[Verse:Crackfic Irta/Bhadhagha/Old|Old Bhadhagha]].


The motivation for Padmanábha is "Irish orthography read as a Khmer/Danish hybrid". The name ''Padmanábha'' is inspired by the Sanskrit word ''padma'' meaning lotus.
The motivation for Padmanábha is "Irish orthography read as Danish with Sanskrito-Khmer loans".


Its orthography is the same as in Old Padmanábha, but it underwent Khmerization from Old Padmanábha voiced and breathy voiced stops. Old Padmanábha ''r'' also became uvular and vocalized. This has resulted in modern Padmanábha having more vowels than Danish. It's also a tonal/register language like Danish, having stød corresponding to Old PN monosyllables (and retained with the addition of the definite article ''-as'' and possessive suffixes).
Its orthography is the same as in Old Bhadhagha, but it underwent a Khmer-like vowel split from Old Bhadhagha voiced and breathy voiced stops. After the vowel split it underwent sound changes very similar to Danish: for example, Old Bhadhagha ''r'' also became uvular, and vocalized or colored adjacent vowels. This has resulted in modern Padmanábha having more vowels than Danish. It's also a tonal/register language like Danish, having stød corresponding to Old PN monosyllables (and retained with the addition of the definite article ''-as'' and possessive suffixes).


Stops should be Danish-like, Camalanàbha loans should sound a lot like Sanskrito-Khmer but with a Danish touch
Stops should be Danish-like, Camalanàbha loans should sound a lot like Sanskrito-Khmer but with a Danish touch
Native PN should have fh and sh but no mh?


== Diachronics ==
== Diachronics ==
Line 13: Line 14:


heavily steal from Khmer vowel changes
heavily steal from Khmer vowel changes
Should breathy voice become a suprasegmental feature in pre-modern PN? (leading to a kind of vowel harmony after the Khmerization)


Assuming no adjacent R's:
Assuming no adjacent R's:
Line 49: Line 52:


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
The 26 vowel [[phoneme]]s of Standard Danish (14 short and 12 long) correspond to 21 [[morphophoneme]]s (11 short and 10 long).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{small|unrounded}}
! colspan="2" | {{small|rounded}}
|-
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| i
| iː
| y
| yː
|
|
| u
| uː
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| e̝
| e̝ː
| ø
| øː
| ə
|
| o
| oː
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| e
| eː
| œ
| œː
| ɐ
|
| ɔ̝
| ɔ̝ː
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| æ
| ɛː
|
|
| ɑ̈
| ɑ̈ː
| ɒ
| ɒː
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ [[Morphophoneme]]–[[phoneme]]–[[phone (phonetics)|phone]] correspondence{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=45–7, 52, 57–9, 71, 546–7}}{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|pp=36–7, 59–61, 287–92, 420–1}}
|+ [[Morphophoneme]]–[[phoneme]]–[[phone (phonetics)|phone]] correspondence{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=45–7, 52, 57–9, 71, 546–7}}{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|pp=36–7, 59–61, 287–92, 420–1}}
Line 607: Line 548:
* {{IPA|[ʊ]}} with {{IPA|[o]}}, leading to a variable merger of {{IPA|/və/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} (the former can be {{IPA|[wə]}} or {{IPA|[wʊ]}} instead, in which case no merger takes place).
* {{IPA|[ʊ]}} with {{IPA|[o]}}, leading to a variable merger of {{IPA|/və/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} (the former can be {{IPA|[wə]}} or {{IPA|[wʊ]}} instead, in which case no merger takes place).
* {{IPA|/ɐ/}} with {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. According to {{harvp|Basbøll|2005}}, these sounds are usually merged, the main difference being the greater variability in the realizations of {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, which only occurs in unstressed position. In the narrow phonetic transcriptions of {{harvp|Grønnum|2005}} and {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}, the two sounds are treated as identical.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=419|ps=; both sounds are transcribed as {{IPA|[ʌ˖˕˒]}}.}}{{sfnp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991|p=86|ps=, using ''ɔ'' in the [[Dania transcription]].}}
* {{IPA|/ɐ/}} with {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. According to {{harvp|Basbøll|2005}}, these sounds are usually merged, the main difference being the greater variability in the realizations of {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, which only occurs in unstressed position. In the narrow phonetic transcriptions of {{harvp|Grønnum|2005}} and {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}, the two sounds are treated as identical.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=419|ps=; both sounds are transcribed as {{IPA|[ʌ˖˕˒]}}.}}{{sfnp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991|p=86|ps=, using ''ɔ'' in the [[Dania transcription]].}}
== Orthography ==
Padmanábha is written either in the cipher of this page's Latin orthography in the Clofabic alphabet, or in the Camalic abugida.


== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
-as def article
-as def article


loses independent verbs like Jp and Irish
loses independent verbs like Jp, anna (always pronounced with stød) becomes a subject marker


slenderization for adjectives
Denominal adjectives: rugalach -> rugalachaí (from CN genitive), sometimes rugalaich (native) for fanciness
(rugelach -> **rugelaigh)


''Annan rinbhrainne Praimhín anna rugelach séicmhann.''
''Annan rinbhrainnear, Praimhín anna rugelachas mó séicmhann.'' /'ænˀn̩ 'ʁɛ̝mpʁɑ̈nɑ̈, pʁɑ̈'vi:nˀ n̩ˀ 'ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩xəs mo̝: 'sæ:jˀʊn/  = I don't think Praimhín ate the rugelach.


==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==
* ''rugelach'' /ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩x/ = rugelach (originating from North African Jews in Irta); from a root ''r-g-l'' 'to beat'? or ''r-g'' 'to fill'?
* ''rugalach'' /ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩x/ = rugelach, slightly different from ours; from a root ''r-g'' 'to love'?
* *widq-ma -> PCam *wīˀdma -> éidhme /æedme/ (eye)
* *widq-ma -> PCam *wīˀdma -> éidhme /æedn̩/ (eye)


[[Category:Camalic languages]]
[[Category:Camalic languages]]

Latest revision as of 00:10, 3 February 2022

Padmanábha /'pæð.n̩.'niə.b̥e/ or Padmapradhána /...pʁɑ̈.'tʰiə.n̩/ is a Verse:Crackfic Irta/Camalic language spoken in a Trician Island in Crackfic Tricin, called Padmas /'pæð.n̩s/ in the language. It's a descendant of Old Bhadhagha.

The motivation for Padmanábha is "Irish orthography read as Danish with Sanskrito-Khmer loans".

Its orthography is the same as in Old Bhadhagha, but it underwent a Khmer-like vowel split from Old Bhadhagha voiced and breathy voiced stops. After the vowel split it underwent sound changes very similar to Danish: for example, Old Bhadhagha r also became uvular, and vocalized or colored adjacent vowels. This has resulted in modern Padmanábha having more vowels than Danish. It's also a tonal/register language like Danish, having stød corresponding to Old PN monosyllables (and retained with the addition of the definite article -as and possessive suffixes).

Stops should be Danish-like, Camalanàbha loans should sound a lot like Sanskrito-Khmer but with a Danish touch

Native PN should have fh and sh but no mh?

Diachronics

Old PN vowels: a e i o u á é í ó ú ai ao ae aoi aei ia ua iai uai éi ei ái aí eo ea éa eoi eao eá eái io iu iú iúi oí oi ói uí ui úi

heavily steal from Khmer vowel changes

Should breathy voice become a suprasegmental feature in pre-modern PN? (leading to a kind of vowel harmony after the Khmerization)

Assuming no adjacent R's:

a, ai > /æ, E(raised)/
ea > /æ, eə(short)/
á > /A:, iə/
eá(i) > /E(raised): iə/
éa > /E(raised):ə, iə/
ei > /E(raised), e(raised)/
éi > /æe, e:(raise)/
i > /e̝ i/
i > /əi i:/
o > /O(lowered) O(raised)/
ó > /Ao o:(raise)/
u > /o(raised) u/
ú > /ou u:/
ae > /æe/
aei > /æi Ij/
ao > /Au Iw/
aoi > /Œy Yy/
eao > /Œ: œ:/
eo > /Œø ø:/
eoi > /øy Yy/
io, iu > /ø y/
iú, iúi > /øy y:/
ia ua > /iə uə/
iai uai > /ie ue/
ai oi > /ə(lowered) ə(raised)/
ui > /ə(raised) ı/
oì uì > /əı, ı:/
schwa (from both unstressed a and e) > /(Seoul eo) e/

Final -mh disappears as in Ăn Yidiș: sraimh /sʁæ(stød)/

Phonology

Morphophonemephonemephone correspondenceTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
Morpho-
phoneme
Tautosyllabic
environment
Phoneme Phone Narrow
tran-
scription
Example Note
After Before
|i| /i/ [i] [i] mis
|iː| /iː/ [iː] [iː] mile
|e| /e/ [e̝] [e̝] list
|r| [ɛ̝] [ɛ̝] brist
|eː| /eː/ [e̝ː] [e̝ː] mele
|r| /ɛː/ [ɛ̝ː] [ɛ̝ː~ɛ̝j] grene
|ɛ| /ɛ/ [e] [e] læst
|r| [ɛ] [ɛ] bær
|r| |Template:Abbr, Template:Abbr| /ɛ/ or /ɑ/ [æ~ɑ] [a~ɑ̈] række [ɑ] in innovative varieties.Template:Sfnp
/ɑ/ [ɑ] [ɑ̈] kræft
|ɛː| /ɛː/ [eː] [eː] mæle
|r| [eː~ɛː] [eː~ɛː] bære [ɛː] in innovative varieties.Template:Sfnp
|r| [ɛ̝ː] [ɛ̝ː~ɛ̝j] kræse
|d| /aː/ or /ɑː/ [æː~ɑː] [æː~ɑ̈ː] græde [ɑː] in innovative varieties.Template:Sfnp
|a| |r| |Template:Abbr| /a/ [æ] [æ] malle
/ɑ/ [ɑ] [ɑ̈] takke
|ar| |Template:Abbr| var Only in a handful of words.Template:Sfnp
/ɑː/ [ɑː] [ɑ̈ː] arne
|aː| /aː/ [ɛː] [ɛː] male
|r| /ɑː/ [ɑː] [ɑ̈ː] trane
|aːr| har
|y| /y/ [y] [y] lyt
|yː| /yː/ [yː] [yː] kyle
|ø| /ø/ [ø] [ø] kys
|r| |v, j, ɡ| [œ̝~œ] [œ̝~œ] grynt [œ] in innovative varieties.
|v| /œ/ [ɶ] [ɶ̝] drøv Template:Sfnp
|j, ɡ| /ɔ/ [ʌ] [ɒ̽] tøj
|øː| /øː/ [øː] [øː] køle
|r| [œ̝ː~œː] [œ̝ː~œː] røbe [œː] in innovative varieties.
|œ| /œ/ [œ̝] [œ̝] høns
|r| [œ] [œ] gør
|r| [ɶ] [ɶ̝] grøn
|œː| /œː/ [œ̝ː] [œ̝ː] høne Rare.Template:Sfnp
|r| [œː] [œː] gøre
|u| /u/ [u] [u] guld
|r| /u/ [u~o] [u~o̝] brusk [o] in innovative varieties.Template:Sfnp
|uː| /uː/ [uː] [uː] mule
|r| /uː/ or /oː/ [uː~oː] [uː~o̝ː] ruse [oː] in innovative varieties.Template:Sfnp
|o| |Template:Abbr, r| /o/ [o] [o̝] sort ('black')
[ɔ̝] [ɔ̽] ost ('cheese')
|oː| /oː/ [oː] [o̝ː] mole
|ɔ| /ɔ/ [ʌ] [ɒ̽] måtte
|ɔr| |Template:Abbr| /ɒ/ [ɒ] [ɒ̝] vor Only in a handful of words.Template:Sfnp
/ɒː/ [ɒː] [ɒ̝ː] morse
|ɔːr| tårne
|ɔː| /ɔː/ [ɔ̝ː] [ɔ̽ː] måle
|ə| /ə/ [ə] [ə] hoppe
|ər| /ɐ/ [ɐ] [ɒ̽] fatter
|rə| ture After long vowels.Template:Sfnp
|rər| turer
|jə| /jə/ [ɪ] [ɪ] veje See Template:Section link.
|ɡə| jage
|və| /və/ [ʊ] [ʊ] have
|əd| /əð/ [ð̩] [ð̩˕˗ˠ] måned
|də| /ðə/ bade
|əl| /əl/ [l̩] [l̩] gammel
|lə| /lə/ tale
|nə| /nə/ [n̩] [n̩] ne
|ən| /ən/ hesten
[m̩] [m̩] hoppen
[ŋ̍] [ŋ̍] pakken

The three way distinction in front rounded vowels /y ø œ/ is upheld only before nasals, e.g. /syns sønˀs sœns/ synes, synds, søns ('seems', 'sin's', 'son's').

/a/ and /aː/ on the one hand and /ɑ/ and /ɑː/ on the other are largely in complementary distribution. However, a two-phoneme interpretation can be justified with reference to the unexpected vowel quality in words like andre /ˈɑndrɐ/ 'others' or anderledes /ˈɑnɐˌleːðəs/ 'different', and an increasing number of loanwords.Template:Sfnp

Some phonemes and phones that only occur in unstressed position often merge with full phonemes and phones:Template:Sfnp

  • [ʊ] with [o], leading to a variable merger of /və/ and /o/ (the former can be [wə] or [wʊ] instead, in which case no merger takes place).
  • /ɐ/ with /ɔ/. According to Template:Harvp, these sounds are usually merged, the main difference being the greater variability in the realizations of /ɐ/, which only occurs in unstressed position. In the narrow phonetic transcriptions of Template:Harvp and Template:Harvp, the two sounds are treated as identical.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp

Orthography

Padmanábha is written either in the cipher of this page's Latin orthography in the Clofabic alphabet, or in the Camalic abugida.

Grammar

-as def article

loses independent verbs like Jp, anna (always pronounced with stød) becomes a subject marker

Denominal adjectives: rugalach -> rugalachaí (from CN genitive), sometimes rugalaich (native) for fanciness

Annan rinbhrainnear, Praimhín anna rugelachas mó séicmhann. /'ænˀn̩ 'ʁɛ̝mpʁɑ̈nɑ̈, pʁɑ̈'vi:nˀ n̩ˀ 'ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩xəs mo̝: 'sæ:jˀʊn/ = I don't think Praimhín ate the rugelach.

Lexicon

  • rugalach /ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩x/ = rugelach, slightly different from ours; from a root r-g 'to love'?
  • *widq-ma -> PCam *wīˀdma -> éidhme /æedn̩/ (eye)