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==== -i stems ====
==== -i stems ====
Old m/f:
Old m:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''knåm'' (m.) 'bone' (< {{recon|knāmis}})
|+ ''knåm'' (m.) 'bone' (< {{recon|knāmis}})

Revision as of 17:36, 22 February 2022

Flei
Created byInthar
SettingVerse:Méich Bhaonnáiqh
Indo-European
  • (stem-)Celtic
    • Flei

Shemroghian, natively thabbåthănå Šemrăghåkhănå (< PCel sindā tangwāts swemrogākā 'own region's language') is a vernacular in Méich Bhaonnáiqh; it's an IE language belonging to the Celtic family (or possibly a stem-Celtic). It's inspired by Aramaic and also has Greek and Latin loans that look like Greco-Latin loans in Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic. It's the native language of the player character Ăvišyå (from *Awiswiyā, Aoife's Proto-Celtic interpretation of her own name). It's a fairly typical IE language.

πăraqliτ = advocate, attorney, etc.

askolå, asτråτeghyå, ukhlusin

borrow Mabinogion as Mabhnoghin?

borrow -ium/-ion as -in: opsarion > uπsărin 'culinary fish', -in is also a diminutive which is used a lot

sP sT sq -> asP asT asq (skhole > askola)

change o to a? bodhi > badhi

Phonology

Consonants: same as Aramaic but no pharyngeals and no ts and added emphatic p; emphatic stops written π τ (capital Ʈ) q.

v = bh

Coronal stops/spirants are dental.

Native words only use bgdkpt stops which lenite like in Aramaic; φ > h

Vowels: i e a å o u ă /i e æ A o u ä/

Stress shifts to ultimate stress, and then to the last non-ultimate non-shva syllable

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns have 3 genders (m, f, n), 2 numbers (sg, pl) and 3 cases (nom, gen, prep/dat), and also inflect for definiteness. The dative is used for indirect objects, and sometimes for prepositional objects. When a locative preposition can use both the dative and the accusative, the dative denotes being at the location and the nominative denotes motion towards the location.

turn pl acc to pl nom (happened to Irish definite articles)

The pl gen of nouns declines as an -o/-ā adjective.

The definite article is hid-/hiC- (when not leniting) or (when leniting).

-o stems

map (m.) 'boy' (< *makkʷos)
Singular Plural
Nominative map
mappăsen
mappun
mappănun
Genitive mappi
mappăni
mappåkh
mappănen
Dative mappu
mappănu
mappåbh
mappănåbh
dun (n.) 'fort' (< *dūnom)
Singular Plural
Nominative dun
dunănen
dunå
dunănå
Genitive duni
dunăni
dunåkh
dunănen
Dative dunu
dunănu
dunåbh
dunănåbh

-yo stems

ári 'lion' (random semantic shift from *aryos 'noble one')
Singular Plural
Nominative ári
aryăsen
aryun
aryănun
Genitive aryi
aryăni
aryåkh
aryănen
Dative aryu
aryănu
aryåbh
aryănåbh

-ā stems

breghå (f.) 'power, might' (< *brigā)
Singular Plural
Nominative breghå
breghănå
breghån
breghănån
Genitive breghåh
breghăsåh
breghåkh
breghănen
Dative breghe
breghăne
breghåbh
breghănåbh

-i stems

Old m:

knåm (m.) 'bone' (< *knāmis)
Singular Plural
Nominative knåm
knåmăsen
knåmin
knåmănun
Genitive knåmeh
knåmăsi
knåmekh
knåmănen
Dative knåmi
knåmănu
knåmebh
knåmănåbh

Old neuters:

mor (n.) 'sea' (< *mori)
Singular Plural
Nominative mor moryå
Genitive măreh mărekh
Dative mări mărebh

-ī stems

bledhăni (f.) 'year' (< *blēdanī)
Singular Plural
Nominative bledhăni bledhănin
Genitive bledhanyåh bledhănekh
Dative bledhanye bledhănebh

-u-stems

merge with o-stems at the cost of making gen sg more unpredictable (-i or -o)

m/f:

dăréseτ (m.) 'door' (< *dworestus)
Singular Plural
Nominative dăréseτ dărisτun
Genitive dărisτoh dărisτåkh
Dative dărisτu dărisτåbh

neuter:

eydh (n.) 'fire' (< *aidu)
Singular Plural
Nominative eydh eydhå
Genitive eydhoh eydhåkh
Dative eydhu eydhåbh

Consonant stems

some rethematize to ā feminines

minå (f.) 'month' (< *mīns)
Singular Plural
Nominative minå minån
Genitive minåh minåkh
Dative mine minåbh
kahăru (f.) 'sheep' (< *kaφerūxs)
Singular Plural
Nominative kahăru kahăråkhån
Genitive kahăråkh kahăråkhåkh
Dative kahăråkh kahăråkhåbh

Adjectives

similar to nouns, but gen pl uses the original PCel ending

-o/-ā stems

bån 'white' (< *bānos)
sg. m. sg. f. sg. n. pl. m. pl. f. pl. n.
Nominative bån bånå bån bånun bånån bånå
Genitive båni bånåh båni bån
Dative bånu båne bånu bånåbh

-yo/-yā stems

bódhi 'yellow' (< *bodyos)
sg. m. sg. f. sg. n. pl. m. pl. f. pl. n.
Nominative bódhi bodhyå bódhi bodhyun bodhyån bodhyå
Genitive bodhyi bodhyåh bodhyi bódhi
Dative bodhyu bodhye bodhyu bodhyåbh

-i/-ī stems

math 'good' (< *matis)
sg. m. sg. f. sg. n. pl. m. pl. f. pl. n.
Nominative math măthi math măthin
Genitive mătheh mathyåh mătheh mathi
Dative măthi mathye măthi măthebh

-u stems

dobh 'black' (< *dubus)
sg. m. sg. f. sg. n. pl. m. pl. f. pl. n.
Nominative dobh dăbhun
Genitive dăbhoh dobh
Dative dăbhu dăbhåbh

Verbs

similar to Irish tenses with no compound tenses

  • present: mārām, mārāsi, mārāti, mārāmu, mārāte, mārānti, mārātor -> måri, måråh, mårå, mårån, måråth, mårant/måratt, måråthor -> måri mi, måråh tu, måre/måri, mårån nih, måråth ših, måratt eh, mårăthor
  • preterite
  • future
  • imperfect
  • conditional
  • imperative

Syntax

SVO; mainly JBA features, but with some remnants of Proto-Celtic syntax (as Aoife imagines it)