Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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==Abstract==
 
{|style='background:#ffffff'
===A short introduction===
 
To know more of languages through this miniture language, is the reason why lekma/ˈleχmɐ/ has_been/is_being made.
 
A sentence in lekma consists of, an interjection/connection + agent × object × verb ÷ adverbial phrase + a subject/topic × a particle(, is it? thing).
 
 
===Phonology===
*Graphemes are listed below the each phonemes.
==Consonants==
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
!  style="width: 68px; "|
!  style="width: 68px; "|Bilabial
!  style="width: 68px; "|Labio-dental
!  style="width: 68px; "|Dental
!  style="width: 68px; "|Alveolar
!  style="width: 68px; "|Retroflex
!  style="width: 68px; "|Alveolo-palatal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Palatal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Velar
!  style="width: 68px; "|Uvular
!  style="width: 68px; "|Glottal
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that [[User:Neubalhhonn|<span style=color:#000000>I</span>]] can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A  noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
| m<br>m
|
|
| n<br>n
| ɳ<br>nr
|
| ɲ<br>nh
| ŋ<br>un,-nn
|
|
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e // i // o // v // u //, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.
| p b<br>b,ff b,rb
|
|
| t d<br>t,d,tt d,rd
|
|
|
| k g<br>c,k c,rc
|
| ʔ<br>kk,`
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Affricate
|
|
|
| t͡s<br>tz
| ʈ͡ʂ<br>tr
| t͡ɕ<br>th
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|
| f<br>f
| θ<br>cz
| s<br>s
| ʂ<br>sr
| ɕ<br>sh
|
|
| χ<br>-k,ch
| ɦ<br>hh
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|
| ʋ<br>v,u-
|
|
|
|
| j<br>i-
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ʀ<br>hr
|
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap or tap
|
|
|
| ɾ<br>l,-r,-rr-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral app.
|
|
|
| l<br>l
|
|
| ʎ<br>lh
|
|
|
|}
 
 
==Vowels==
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center"
!  style="width: 90px; "|
!  style="width: 90px; "|Front
!  style="width: 90px; "|Near-front
!  style="width: 90px; "|Central
!  style="width: 90px; "|Near-back
!  style="width: 90px; "|Back
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
| i y<br>i ü
|
|
|
| ɯ u<br>û u
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid-open
| e ø<br>e,ä ö
|
| ɐ<br>â,ë
|
| ʌ o<br>ô o
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|
|
| ä<br>a
|
|
|}
 
==== CVC's List ====
{{trans-top|phonotactics *development}}
* C
* k
* t
* lh
* sr
* nr
{{trans-mid}}
* V
* a
* á;ae;ai
* e
* ee:ei;é
* ö;eu
* oi
* oo;ou;ó
{{trans-mid}}
* C
* nn
* h
* tz
* cz
* t
* ns
* sk
{{trans-bottom}}
 
 
===Declension===
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center"
! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" |{{blue|word}}
|-
!  style="width: 90px; "|
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the agent of a transitive verb}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|possessive form}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|*ac/ʔɐk/
| sac/sɐk/
| nac/nɐk/
| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]
| ács/ʔäks/
| sácen,nácen,ácen/ʔäːgen/
| ácens/ʔäːgens/
| I
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|*üe/ʔyː/
| sü/syː/
| nü/nyː/
| uü/ʋyː/[ʔyː]
| uües/ʋyːs/
| süen,nüen,ʋüen/ʔyːen/
| uüens/ʔyːens/
| You
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|*hhia/ɦiä/
| íasaé/ɦiänsäe/
| íanaé/ɦiänäe/
| hhia/ɦiä/
| ías/ɦiäs/
| sian,nian,ían/ɦiän/
| íans/ɦiäns/
| They (singular)
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|*kkae/ʔae/
| aesaé/ʔaesäe/
| aenaé/ʔaenäe/
| àe/ʔae/
| àes/ʔais/
| saen,naen,àen/ʔain/
| àens/ʔaens/
| Thing
|}
 
===Conjugation===
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center"
! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}
! colspan="1" |{{blue|indicative form}}
! colspan="1" |{{blue|subjunctive form}}
! colspan="1" |{{blue|connective form}}
! colspan="2" |{{blue|noun-like form}}
! colspan="1" |{{blue|word}}
|-
!  style="width: 90px; "|
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is futural}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}
!  style="width: 90px; "|
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|*sel/sel/
| ser/sel/,[seɾ]
| seat/seɦät/
| sád/säːt/
| selínde/selindɐ/
| selínt/selint/
| be
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|*bal/bäl/
| bar/bäl/,[bäɾ]
| baat/bäɦät/
| bád/bäːt/
| balínde/bälindɐ/[bäˈindɐ]
| balínt/bälint/[bäˈint]
| have
|-
! style="text-align: center; "| *tel/tel/
| ter/tel/,[teɾ]
| teat/teɦät/
| tád/täːt/
| telínde/telindɐ/[teˈindɐ]
| telínt/telint/[teˈint]
| hang,raise
|}
|}
 
__noeditsection__
==== Swadesh List ====
{{trans-top|Lexicon *development}}
* I: kkac
* you (singular): kküe
* he: hhonn
* we: kkácen
* you (plural): kküeen
* they: hhian
* this : torce,toc/iá/due
* that: kkáe
* here: tocma
* there: àema
* who: hhia/lhia
* what: kva
* where: kvime
* when: kvatzuí
* how: kvamuí
* not: né
* all: àen
* many: àens
* some: de àen
* few: làes
* other: né daes
* one: ená,ésa
* two: tzue
* three: mal
* four: cut
* five: unal
* big: lhens
* long: naelhens
* wide:
* thick:
* heavy: né fie
* small: tis
* short: kul
* narrow: tis
* thin: kadtis
* woman: lhuó
* man (adult male): lhuó
* man (human being): hhan/lhuó
* child: tislhuo
* wife: mama dae kus
* husband: tata dae kus
* mother: máma
* father: táta
* animal: this
* fish: fisk
* bird: tofie
* dog: cúon
* louse: lús
* snake: lám
* worm: hhom
* tree: rbaim
* forest: rbosk
* stick: baunel
* fruit: fam
* seed: fam
* leaf: hhüo
* root: lád
* bark (of a tree):
* flower: lilisen
* grass: ladlili
* rope: sinn
* skin: bäl
* meat: salk
* blood: salk
* bone: lám
* fat (noun):
* egg: ai
* horn: kol
* tail: lámen
* feather: fie
* hair: tetr
* head: kabi
* ear: olhen
* eye: ain
* nose: nes
* mouth:
* tooth: tzann
* tongue (organ): tzann
* fingernail: tzann
* foot: baim
* leg: baim
* knee: baim
* hand: tec
* wing: fiem
* belly: mac
* guts: mac
* neck: nec
* back: tzüc
* breast: bec
* heart: kel
* liver: kel
* to drink: sifel
* to eat: nem
* to bite: tzaunel
* to suck: sifel
* to spit: nemel
* to vomit: tue dae nems
* to blow: bolel
* to breathe: nesel
* to laugh: hrak
* to see: vis
* to hear: sanhel
* to know: can,kacnu
* to think: canel
{{trans-mid}}
* to smell: nesel
* to fear: bai
* to sleep: bei
* to live: súmel
* to die: né súmel
* to kill: sral
* to fight: sral
* to hunt: sral
* to hit: láb
* to cut: kul
* to split: tuinde kut/tua tzues
* to stab: binn
* to scratch: skilel
* to dig: binn
* to swim: svím
* to fly: fei
* to walk: salka,salkel
* to come: salka
* to lie (as in a bed): lob
* to sit: sidel
* to stand: hrec
* to turn (intransitive): silkel
* to fall: feiel
* to give: tue
* to hold: hrantel
* to squeeze:
* to rub: vask
* to wash: vask
* to wipe:
* to pull: tec
* to push: tec/ffon
* to throw: tue toc náe
* to tie:
* to sew:
* to count: teltzif
* to say: srua
* to sing: séunel
* to play: rbil
* to float: lom
* to flow: lom
* to freeze: íelel
* to swell: rcol
* sun: hrá
* moon: daehrá
* star: lucz
* water: súm
* rain: lein
* river: léne
* lake: léne
* sea: léneen
* salt:
* stone: shè
* sand: sa
* dust:
* earth: thi
* cloud: küt
* fog: küt
* sky: séo
* wind:
* snow: srnee
* ice: íelen
* smoke: féu
* fire: féu
* ash: dae féu
* to burn: tocféu tue
* road: vei
* mountain: mon
* red: hrot
* green: léu
* yellow: col
* white: hrát
* black: dal
* night: dal
* day: rdi
* year: iálen
* warm: nôk
* cold: íels
* full:
* new: bil
* old: né bil
* good: hhim
* bad: né hhim
* rotten: tocel nae
* dirty: mud
* straight: baim
* round: kadbal
* sharp (as a knife):
* dull (as a knife):
* smooth:
* wet: súmmuí
* dry: sekel
* correct: baim
* near: tocmas
* far: naemas
* right:
* left:
* at: tzúi
* in: lhens
* with: múi
* and: e,elk
* if: o,sôm
* because: fúi
* name: námel
{{trans-bottom}}
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 3 March 2022

Abstract

____ Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that I can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
____ Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ v /uː/ u /yː/, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.