Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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  A conlang, autonym Lekmae /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, making this miniature for that to learn about languages.
==Abstract==
 
{|style='background:#ffffff'
 
  content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns(have plural forms), {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of transitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns, {{green|e}}nclitic nouns.
 
{|nouns: + nouns(nominal of intransitives), +adjective nouns(nominal of monotransitives), + nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
|}
 
enclitics express those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, dative, motion in once, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
every words are morpheme. full nouns, affixed nouns or VO phrases are indicative mood.
e is phonemically space, except after a consonant.
 
{| an object right bafter  verbal nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle.|}
{|  every words are ful un or morpheme nouns, ul nouns are indicative forms.  (in this site uses resemble notations)|}
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are irregular VO are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nas.|}
{|borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, soe enter .
|}
 
Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic, right branching, left in a compound.
Basic structure: (coverb) + noun(-) + (enclitic) + (demonstrative) noun + (enclitic).
{|  ergative noun • verbal noun objective noun • topic noun / verbal noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch their places, phrases at firsts are focal phrases.|}
 
{| aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written. -|}
{| .0123456789,10,11,12. is oinmfvksba.io/x,ii/e,in/z.|}
 
{|Morpheme inventory|}
{|* s- /sɨ/,allomorpheme;/s/,* n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/* -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d /t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* -ad /äde/* -els /els/* -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/* -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/
|}
 
  writings: excepting q w p g j y. u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
  Phoneme inventory, including extras.
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>Bilabial</small>
! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
! |<small>Alveolar</small>
! |<small>Retroflex</small>
! |<small>Palatal</small>
! |<small>Velar</small>
! |<small>Uvular</small>
! |<small>Glottal</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}}(n, ɲ) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b-p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d-t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k-ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z-t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ) ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s-ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ-ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ-r) ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ɐ̯, n/a)
|}
 
 
{| |
! colspan="1" |<small>{{blue|Vowels}}</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Back</small>
|-
|-
!
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that [[User:Neubalhhonn|<span style=color:#000000>I</span>]] can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A  noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ v /uː/ u /yː/, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui(}}ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e(ø) ||  || a{{blue|eu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) ||  || a{{blue|o}}e(o)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) ||
|}
 
 
  phonotactics: CV(V)C.
tone slightly rises initially of a phrase.
{|  sk sk not sk k lk not jk mm became mb nn sta  kk is long k  ll e lh is ong l  gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|}
 
 
{|allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ  allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú;;ue;ua;uo  | ɲ ŋ −vowel length lk −vowel length sk|}
 
 
{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |the agent of a transitive verb!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}!  style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: center; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! style="text-align: center; "|uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You! style="text-align: center; "|hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular)! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}{{blue|noun-like form}}{{blue|gloss}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is futural}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| balnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise
|}
|}
 
__noeditsection__
 
Made text
of it is what
Närca Sêdnan.
/neɐɡä su̯etnän/
nac-har sêd-nan
1-be swed-ish
 
 
of this is what
Famsendoclea.
/fämsentokɥeä/
fam sen-doc-leh-har
fruits this-place.of-be
 
 
Naciorneuse a Lekmae Neidoc.
/näkʝonɐu̯s ʔä ɥexmä nɐi̯tok/
romlang.be ? Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.
 
 
of who does what
hainimdaies doc.
/--/
kai nim daines doc
they eat some-of this
 
{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma*earth: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth: dilel* wet: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: lea /ins* because|}
{|Lexics|}
{| mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul mai*value mui*means máè*meow nam*to name nac*i nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat niska nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim aas aal e d aee*accompanying with o d aoe*compared with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope ser*that kind.|}
 
 
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 3 March 2022

Abstract

____ Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that I can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
____ Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ v /uː/ u /yː/, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.
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