Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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  A conlang, autonym Lekmae \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages.
==Abstract==
(currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4)
{|style='background:#ffffff'
 
Content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns.
 
Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, comitative, that near to the speaker, that away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have variations for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives),  nounsnomina of language monotansitives, nouns(which have pluals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derid particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthe turn nun t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.ha/ɦä/,/e/ s/s, veal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
|}
{| an object ight bafter  ba nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object befoe the  motion in once a suppot of an objectial icle.|}
{|  evers are morpheme nouns, full nouns, ul nouns are indicatives.  in this site uses resemble notations|}
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are regular O are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}{|  ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic of zeromorpheme noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foa phrases.|}
{| aside from the onemic orthography, numerals are written. -|}
{| .0123456789,10,11,12. is .oinmfvksba .io/x, ii/e, in/z.|}
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nas.|}
{|borrowing words from othrnguages enter the group of adjective ful noun, soe enter .{|Morpheme inventory|}
{|* s- /sɨ/,allo;/s/,* n-/nɨ/,allomopheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/* -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d , e is pone with their corresponding phonesmically space, except for afte a consonant incuding extras/t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* ad /äde/* -els /els/* -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/*for  -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/|}
|}
  Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic. Every single word is a morpheme, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. Adjectifier is a zeromorpheme. Nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier).
 
  Writings
A real life setting is that letters except q w p g j y is used. u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
(optional, use J instead of I, Y for V)
 
  Grapheme inventory
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>Bilabial</small>
! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
! |<small>Alveolar</small>
! |<small>Retroflex</small>
! |<small>Palatal</small>
! |<small>Velar</small>
! |<small>Uvular</small>
! |<small>Glottal</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m, b) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}},na{{blue|n}}(n~ɲ, l~d) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  || 
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe,aâ{{blue|e}}(ʔ, n/a)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ~n/a)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) || 
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯~n/a)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semivowel</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}áe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || 
|}
 
 
{| |
! colspan="1" |<small>{{blue|Vowels}}</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Back</small>
|-
|-
!
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that [[User:Neubalhhonn|<span style=color:#000000>I</span>]] can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A  noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ v /uː/ u /yː/, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|êi}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}},a{{blue|î}}e(ɯɨ~ɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e,a{{blue|eû}}(ø) ||  || a{{blue|êu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) || a{{blue|o}}e(o)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  ||  || 
|}
 
  Phonotactics
CV(V)C.
Tone slightly rises initially for beginning of a phrase.
 
{|  sk sk not sk k lk not jk mm became ¨mb nn sta  kk is long k  ll e lh is ong ¨l  n ¨ll gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|}
{|allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ  allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú;;ue;ua;uo  | ɲ ŋ −vowel length lk −vowel length sk|}
{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |the agent of a transitive verb!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{geen|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}!  style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}!  style="width: 90px;"|{{green|plural possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: ce
|}
 
  Made text
of it is what
Narca fuî Sèdnan.
\ˈnä.ëɡä fɯɨ ˈsu̯ednän\
nac-har fuî sèd-nan
1-be member.of swed-ish
 
of this is what
Famsendocleâ.
\fämsendokˈɥe.ä\
fam sendoc lehhar
fruits 3.place of.be
 
Naciórneûrs a Lekmae Neîdoc.
\näkʝoneu̯s ʔä ɥexmä nei̯dok\
naciór neû -ser aae- Lekmae neîdoc
rom lang -be ?- Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.
 
of who does what
kainimdaues doc.
/--/
kai nim daues doc
they eat some.of 3
 
{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* hee: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* fou: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust:: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen nter; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,ncen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! s uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| |hia/ɦiä/| sia hia/ɦiä/|hians/ɦiäns/| hey (singular)lue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive : the motion is completed sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! st bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| aat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| alnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,aiseféu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin:
|}
|}
 
__noeditsection__
  Lexics
/--/
{| mâm*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul maî*value mui*means máo*meow nam*to.name nac*to.1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to.2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu doc*of.3 dol*fish dâd*dad dek dil* wet dui*do.what dál*draw dfl*who have wings cac cuf cal cilkec aam*aim a d aae*is.it.true.for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of.where,of.there aís*icy aal e d aee*accompanying.with o d aoe*compared.with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made.from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be.by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what.who xui*how,where fam*fruits fun foù*fire kan*he.neuter kai*they. kalmêd kum kat*hands kalkee ham*singular rombar*earthen vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lea d lehhar*because lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope, wings ser*that.kind.|}
 
 
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 3 March 2022

Abstract

____ Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that I can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
____ Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ v /uː/ u /yː/, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.
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