Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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    Outline. Ekma is an experiment that to make a language be simple. There are versions, a version has made when the phoneme inventory have been refreshed. It is a constructed language that the words are from languages. Exception is 8th edition Ekma which is a conlang made within the conlang. Autonym is lekmaeneu /ˈʔekmɐnäu̯/, also spelt ekma/ekm, word itself means verbal expression. Let call 8th edition Ekma, does the latest version Kutaruchu, being kvtáçu /kuˈtäi̯ʂi̯u/ to be an item of Ekma. 1. on phonemes. 2. on graphemes.  graphs.  syntax.
==Abstract==
    Ekma is a collection of about a thousand of invariable words. Words are names of every concepts. Word Categories. Nouns, subset of nouns are relationals where adverbs fit in. Other than that are true nouns then simply nouns. Verbs, subset of verbs are stative verbs where colour adjectives fit in. Other than that are motions though they may have a objective afterwards to be stative verbs. Same set shares their minimal length of time, nouns are long, relationals are semi long, adverbs are semi short, verbs are short. Let a word or a set of words are then simply called word for an ease. Word formation is word word, a short full expression that the first word to be a figurative to describe what the second word is. Second word is a theme, to fill the socket is optional. About words in word, a noun can modify a noun though, always foremers are subsets when there are laters which are supersets, relationals may at last. Adverbs are for verbs to modify, stative verbs also work for the place in word.
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    {{trans-top|Graphemes.}}
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Side note, of is used in the sense of origin. there is intonation on word, it may distinguish word boundary, _ for visually ease or a space, also ' means a boundary. / or . for an end of a paragraph. // or . for end of paragraphs. repeatition of same syllable is diminutitive.
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that [[User:Neubalhhonn|<span style=color:#000000>I</span>]] can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
On phonemes. CVC is made of any single consonant out of /ʔ ɥ k d ŋ f s ʂ b n m/-a vowel out of /ä ɐ̯ä äɐ̯ ɐ e u̯e äu̯ ei̯ ii̯ i̯u o u̯o ou̯ oi̯ uu̯ u̯i/-a consonant out of /ʔ ɥ k d ŋ f s ʂ b n m/. /i̯/ o /u̯/ precedes or afters a main vowel /e o/, /ɐ̯/ for a main vowel /ä/. Missing /eu̯/ had been merged with /äu̯/. Missing /oi̯/ had been merged with /øi̯/. Most heard dialectal is of kvtáçu /kuˈtäi̯ʂi̯u/, the people of Kutaruchu. CVC shifts to /ɰ jʷ x t ɳ ʋ ɕ t͡ʂ b n m/-/ä e̯ä äi̯ ʌu̯ ɐ ɐ ø eː i y o u̯o oː i̯o u̯ei̯ u ɨ/-/*ʔ invalid. *ɥ invalid. x t ɳ ʋ ɕ t͡ʂ b n m/.
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  X is a letter. C is a consonant letter. V is a vowel letter.
|<span style=color:#ffffff>____</span> Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ v /uː/ u /yː/, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.
'XXX' is if a XXX base word. 'XX' is if a XX base word which is contracted of XXX base word, the second letter of corresponding XXX is omitted.
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_XXX_ is equal to 'XXX'. if it is a CCC, the second letter has their vowel value.  
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more of letters means a repeatition of XXX base or XX base words.
_a_ /ä/
Ca_ /ä/
_aa /ä/
Caa C/ä/
Cá_ C/ä/
Cáe C/ä/
_à_ /e̯ä/
_àe /e̯ä/
Cà_ C/e̯ä/
Càe C/e̯ä/
_ea /e̯ä/
Cea C/e̯ä/
_ä_ /äi̯/
_äe /äi̯/
_á_ /äi̯/
_áe /äi̯/
Caí C/äi̯/
Cä_ C/äi̯/
Cäe C/äi̯/
_ê_ /äu̯/
_êe /äu̯/
Cê_ C/äu̯/
Cêe C/äu̯/
_eu /äu̯/
Ceu C/äu̯/
_ae /ɐ/
Cae C/ɐ/
_e_ /e/
_ee /e/
Ce C/e/
Cee C/e/
_è_ /u̯e/
_èe /u̯e/
Cè_ C/u̯e/
Cèe C/u̯e/
_é_ /ei̯/
_ée /ei̯/
Cé_ C/ei̯/
Cée C/ei̯/
_i_ /i/
_ie /i/
Ci_ C/i/
Cie C/i/
_u_ /y/
Cu_ C/y/
_iu /y/
Ciu C/y/
_o_ /o/
Co_ C/o/
Coe C/o/
_ò_ /u̯o/
_òe /u̯o/
Cò_ /u̯o/
Còe /u̯o/
_ó_ /ou̯/
_óe /ou̯/
Có_ C/ou̯/
_oí /øi̯/
Coí C/øi̯/
_v_ /u/
_ve /u/
Cv_ C/u/
Cve C/u/ _î_ /ei̯/
Cî_ C/ɨ/
_ui /ɨ/
Cui C/ɨ/
iVC íot /i̯o/C. lVC /ɥo/C be /i̯o/ then io.
iV ío /i̯o/ lV /ɥo/ be /i̯o/ then io.
Vh V/ɳ/
Vk V/k/
Vc V/k/
Vd V/t/
Vf V/f/
Vz V/s̪/
Vs V/s/
Vç V/t͡ʂ/
Vb V/b/
Vn V/n/
Vm V/m/
hVC /ɳ/ VC
hV /ɳ/V
kVC /k/VC
kV /k/V
cVC /k/VC
cV /k/V
dVC /t/VC
dV /t/V
vVC úVC /u̯/VC
vV úV /u̯/V
fVC /f/VC
fV /f/V
zVC /t͡s/VC
zV /t͡s/V
sVC /s/VC
sV /s/V
çVC /t͡ʂ/VC
çV /t͡ʂ/V
bVC /b/VC
bV /b/V
nVC /n/VC
nV /n/V
mVC /m/VC
mV /m/V
CVC equals _CVC_
CVCa equals CVC/ɐ/
CVCe_ *CVC/ɰ/ equals CVC
CVCCae equals CVCC/ɐ/
CVCCe_ *CVCC/ɰ/ equals **CVCC **approved.
Cia is contraction of Cie a, C/iʔɐ/.
Cva is contraction of Cve a, C/uʔɐ/.
_CC_ equals CVC
CCCC CVCCVC equals CVC'CVC
lCCC /ɥ/CCC equals /ɥ/C'CC ***/ɥ/VC'CVC ***graphically unapproved.
CClC CC/ɥ/C equals CC'/ɥ/C ***CVC'/ɥ/VC
lClC /ɥ/C/ɥ/C equals /ɥ/C'/ɥ/C ***/ɥ/VC'/ɥ/VC
CVCCVC equals CVC'CVC.
_CCC_ equals 'C'C'C'/'CCC'. ****acronym.
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    {{trans-top|(graphs are under documentation...)}}
Words.
e /e/ monotransitive verb. _e_ also.
t /t/ allograph of d, whether d or t is depend on words. selftransitive verb. used for lexical reasons.
z /s̪/ towards it
u /y/ to there
i /i/ object of verb
í /i̯/ object
o /o/ if _o_ also.
a /ä/ verb that word is being the described object/agentive.
s /s/ verb has a subject.
d /t/ out of it. if at CdC it is /øi̯/.
f /f/ starting from. ornamental.
h /ɳ/ done by it (unlimited to perfective)
k /k/ enclosure begins/ends a close. if at CkC it is /äu̯/.
l /ɰ/ (free space) if it is r, it presents between vowels which lose phonemic value in other situations. words end in r is prohibited.
l /ɥ/ (space) lvó mankind. if at ClC it is /äi̯/.  Vl is equal Ví V/i̯/ words end in l is prohibited.
ç /t͡ʂ/ (free space)
v /u/ (free space)
ú /u̯/ (space)
b /b/ (free space)
n /n/ verb has a directional. is near to.
m /m/ with it
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{{trans-top|(Materials to be documented hereafter.)}}
iot /i̯ot/ every third zeros, for exsample do. is a number x 1,000,000,000,000.
tet of tot unphonemical. a zero. a number x ten.
let of lot unphonemical. oneth
vet of vot unphonemical. second
kot unphonemical. third
dot unphonemical. fourth
hot unphonemical. fifth
fot unphonemical. sixth
zet of zot unphonemical. seventh
sot unphonemical. eigth
çet of çot unphonemical. nineth
bot unphonemical. tenth
not unphonemical. eleventh
met of mot unphonemical. twelveth
. stop.
t.t a point situates after 0. before a 0.0.
' word boundary noticer yet words are unseparable.
, half stop.
/ full stop.
// full stop.
unphonemical that the word lacks phonemic value at the beginning. it is without phonemics dedicated to Ekma lemma, is loanword.
xán /χäi̯n/ Nothing. Unspecified.
rán /ʀäi̯n/ Nothing. Unwritten.
´ It prolongs the attached phoneme regardless of category. It indicates intonation. Musically high at every beginning of a phrase, rest of the phrase lose original accent. Musically low at every endining of a phrase, loudness is another thing.
_ It is " " actually. It takes spaces between words. It means there must be space or beginning/endining of the line. every two spaces is contracted to a space.
_? A phrase end in ´.
_! Loudness.
ê /äu̯/ Phonemically same to eu. 2. /o/ allograph is to o.
eu /äu̯/ It is eú alternatively, ev´ in theory.
ú v´ in theory.
to allograph is toc this, these
le allograph is lei they
vi allograph is vie what like
va allograph is vae like what
teí empty of
ird earth
daz allograph is att head of relative clause
fsd carrier
kvs house
mon humanoid
se e̯ä ɐ e ei̯ i̯e äu̯ ii̯ i̯y o ou̯ u̯o u̯e i̯o uu̯ øi̯/ lisation of the phoneme approved allophonemes. ɰ, r/l before any vowel/zero consonant/e at wo/a after an a,  äɐ̯, á/ä, äɐ̯ äː äi̯, äi̯. äou̯, ó,. ɥ, l written before any consonant letter, ɥ̥ jʷ ɥ, ɥ. ŋ, h, ŋ̥ ŋ ɳ, ɳ. k, k, x q k, k. d, d/t, d̥ t d, t. f, f, ʋ f, f. t͡s,, m, m̥ m, m. Descriptions on writings are about graphemes., ɡ allohones.llohoes. /bt, ʔ/ lid combiationels sy side  si, somee: œʏ̯/ ch morphemjet moverb.  uit or lt, shiermins wh Glossing abbreviations, 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. pt particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive. Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A let. Words written in a letter are verbs. Written in two, prowords. Written in three if it ends in 'n' etc, words of two letter + a morpheme. Written in three letters, any other, mostly nouns. Written in four, second may be a douplication of the first syllable, onomatopeias.
x * * It may be absent.    h - ong x .  5678, 10, 11, 12. ae kln xls tve cam fír on lís süf bat nuin zek élf tvölf.  abbreviations, (such as gender in a language where the word does not show it  of canonical transit ACC caseADVadverb(ial),  caseAPPappositionATTRattributiveCOM caseCBconverbDAT selc, case durat aspect, continuous aspectFINfinte FOCfocusINS, R, NTRintransitive LAT case LOC , POSS markerREL(izer)SBJ, SUBSTEM TOPTR, TRANtansitive verb,  caseV, VB or vebalVIre , intransitVT, VOL : S-Topic. very single word is a , right branching of a clause, left eement modifies that in rigt. djectifie is a . ouns ith enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.  Word formation: (+coerb) noun (+ier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier). V)
  Made text Sampling ɐi̯t to call,
  of it is what
  neaka fî Sèdnan.
 
  of this is what
  Famsendocleâ.
 
  fam sendoc lehhar
 
  Naciórneûrs a Lekma Neîdoc.
 
  of who does wat
  kainimdaues doc.
f /*ʔ *ɥ *ŋ *k *d *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/-a vowel out of /*ä *ɐ̯ä *äɐ̯ *äu̯ *ɐ *e *u̯e *ei̯ *ii̯ *i̯u *o *u̯o *ou̯ *i̯o *oi̯ *uu̯ *u̯i/-a consonant out of /*ʔ *ɥ *ŋ *k *d *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/. Which attached * means a hypothetical construction. Each word has an either type, noun or adjective or adverb or verb. Same category shares their minimal length of time, nouns are long, adjectives are semi long, adverbs are semi short, verbs are short.
    1. Descriptions on phonemes. Listed firstly is phoneme - secondly reasonous grapheme - finaly usual realisation of the phoneme, approved other phonemes are afterwards. ɰ - r* - ɰ ɦ ʔ. ä - a - ä ɐ. ɐ̯ä - à - e̯ä ɐ̯ä. äɐ̯ - ä - äi̯ äɐ̯ äː. äu̯ - ê - äu̯ ɐu̯ ʌu̯. ɐ - â - ɐ devoiced ɐ. e - e - e ɪ ɐ. u̯e - è - u̯e ø. ei̯ - é - ei̯ e ɛ eː. ii̯ - i - i ii̯ iː. i̯u - u - y i̯u i̯y. o - o - o ʊ. u̯o - ò - u̯o u̯ʌ. ou̯ - ó - ou̯ o ɔ oː. i̯o - io - i̯o. oi̯ - ö - øi̯* u̯ei̯ u̯eʏ̯ øʏ̯ oi̯. uu̯ - v - u uu̯ uː. u̯i - î - ɨ ɯ u̯i. ɥ - l - ɥ ɥ̥ jʷː. ŋ - h - ɳː ŋ̥ ŋ. k - k - kː x q. d - d - tː d̥ d. f - f - fː ʋ. t͡s - z - s̪ː t͡s z. ɕ - sː - s ɬ ɕ. ʂ - ç - t͡ʂ ʂ. b - b - b b̥. n - n - nː n̥ ɲ. m - m - mː m̥ mʲ. /*øi̯/ had merged with /*oi̯/. r* or zero consonant, most of r* is unwritten, the rest is replaced with l for the lexical reasons.
'XXX' is a XXX base word. 'XX' is a XX base word which is contracted 'XXX', the second letter of corresponding XXX is omitted.
_XXX_ is if a CCC, the second letter is their vowel value, certain letter has that feature. _* or a space, it means there is always a space, also means a '*.  '* or a word boundary, might be invisible from the contexts yet they are deductible.
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[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 17:22, 3 March 2022

Abstract

____ Talks of outer story. This conlang is "lekmae" or "eighth lekma", pronounced /ˈlekmɐʔ/ that meant to be a simpliest structure that I can get, other element of the conlang is temporal. Source of words are Germanic origin and other random origin, though well modified to fit CVC. Also fewest morphemes, in an experimental minded, there is a certain period of pause before a theme. To speak beginning of a phrase would have tense, may be loudness. Genre of the words is verb and noun, nouns be either an object or a theme, theme be either subject or objective that the verbal phrase is referring. Two words will make a phrase, verb foreceded, noun afters. Basic full phrase is "verb /*pause/ noun" *pause is optional. A word on top of a phrase always considered a verb, other words of the phrase is therefor nouns. Any word turns to be a verb in this way. Least words that can do a phrase always contain a verb, when object of verb is also the theme or somebody wanting to say a noun solely, there is wany verb "haa" for it, meaning "a object, next to it, is the theme of the phrase". Verbal phrase may have an object, object afters a verb, forecedes a theme. A noun can modify a noun that afters it. Making a longer phrase, "saz" meanig "this" in "lekmae", is a relative noun. Next to it is a descriptive word that forecedes it, a description afters it, a description is normal phrase.
____ Talks of inner settings, incomplete so fewly though. Graphemes are "t a e i o v u l n m f d c k h s z b", "initial letters" t /t/ h /ʔ/ l /l/ n /n/ m /m/ f /f/ d /d/ c /k/ s /s/ z /ɡ/ b /b/, "medial letters" that is vowels, a /äː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ v /uː/ u /yː/, "medial to final letters" that vowels end in /ʔ/, aa /äːʔ/ ae /ɐʔ/ ai /äi̯ʔ/ ei /eːʔ/ eu /äu̯ʔ/ ie /iːʔ/ ou /oːʔ/ ve /uːʔ/ iu /yːʔ/ uo /y̯oʔ/ ua /y̯äʔ/ ui /ɰ̩ʲʔ/, "final letters", t /t/ l /ɰ/ n /n/ m /m/ k /k/ h /ŋ/ s /s/ z /ɡ/.
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