Modern Windermere: Difference between revisions

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'''Modern Windermere''' is the most dominant modern descendant of Classical [[Windermere]], spoken all over Bjeheond and Fyxám and in much of Wen Dămea.
#REDIRECT [[Naeng]]
==Todo==
21 accents in Windermere?
 
==Diachronics==
===Phonological history===
*ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants ''f'' and ''th'' phonemic.
*r > ɹ in the Rhythoed dialect (Talman Windermere has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Rhythoed has a British RP-ish accent)
*l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
*ł > ś, ş > ṣ
 
===Grammatical history===
*Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
*Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Dental
!  |Alveolar
!  |Retroflex
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |<small>unaspirated</small>
| '''b''' /p~b/
| '''d''' /t~d/
|
|
|
| '''g''' /k~g/
|
|
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' /pʰ~p/
| '''t''' /tʰ~t/
|
|
|
| '''c''' /kʰ~k/
|
| <b>'</b> /ʔ/
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate
|
|
| '''ts''' /ts/
|
| '''tł''' /tɕ/
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>unvoiced</small>
| '''f''' /f/
| '''th''' /θ/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''ș''' /ʂ/
| '''ł''' /ɕ/
| '''ch''' /x/
|
|
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''f’''' /v/
| '''th’''' /ð/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant
| '''w''' /w/
|
|colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɹ~ɻ~r/
| '''y''' /j/
|
| '''l''' /ʟ~ɫ/
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+Short vowels
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ü''' /y/
|
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /ɛ/
|
| '''ă''' /ə/
| '''o''' /ɔ/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|}
{{col-break}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+Long vowels
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''ie''' /e:/
| '''üe''' /ø:/
|
| '''ua''' /o:/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''ea''' /ɛ:/
|
|
| '''oa''' /ɔ:/
|}
{{col-end}}
*Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
*[ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.
====The Rhythoed dialect====
Rhythoed Windermere (''Răth’oyd'') is non-rhotic: ''ir ür ur er or ar'' are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə ɑə/. The stops ''b d g'' are voiced. The vowel ''ă'' is /ɨ/.
 
====Vowels before /ʟ/====
 
===Stress===
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.
 
==Morphology==
 
===Verbs===
Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based
===Auxiliaries===
====Tense auxiliaries====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!|
!I!!thou!!he!!she!!it!!we (exc.)!!we (inc.)!!you (pl.)!!they
|-
!|present
|''mor''||''moł''||''mon''||''mos''||''mot''||''mots''||''mob''||''mong''||''mam''
|-
!|preterite
|''chear''||''cheał''||''chean''||''chels''||''chelt''||''chelts''||''chelb''||''cheang''||''cheam''
|-
!|future
|''per''||''perł''||''pern''||''pers''||''pert''||''perts''||''perb''||''perng''||''perm''
|}
 
Emphatic auxiliaries: mor rie, moł łen, mon in ...
 
==Syntax==
AuxSVO
 
:'''''Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.'''''
:PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate
:''I speak of love and hate.''
 
:'''''Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.'''''
:PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed
:''The bird is eating a seed.''

Latest revision as of 22:04, 14 April 2022

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