Hawari language: Difference between revisions

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| nativename = Zimâna Ħāwārî<br/>زۀماٚنا حەٙوەٙری<br/>
| nativename = Zimâna Ħāwārî<br/>زۀماٚنا حەٙوەٙری<br/>
[[File:ZimanaHawari(Tongtsehayi).png|35px|frameless|center]]
[[File:ZimanaHawari(Tongtsehayi).png|35px|frameless|center]]
| pronunciation = {{zɯ.ˈmɑː.na ˈħæ.wæˑ.riˑ|}}
| pronunciation = zɯ.ˈmɑː.na ˈħæ.wæˑ.riˑ
| creator = MansenBk
| creator = User:MansenBk
| states = no specific
| states = no specific
| ethnicity = no specific
| ethnicity = no specific
Line 41: Line 41:
| '''(1)''' || A a || a
| '''(1)''' || A a || a
|-
|-
| '''(2)''' || Ȧ ȧ || a, turns to ɛ after declension
| '''(2)''' || Á á ||
|-
|-
| '''(3)''' || Å å || a, vanishes after declension
| '''(3)''' || Ȧ ȧ || a, turns to ɛ after declension
|-
|-
| '''(4)''' || Ã ã || ã
| '''(4)''' || Å å || a, vanishes after declension
|-
|-
| '''(5)''' ||   â || ɒ
| '''(5)''' || Ã ã || ã
|-
|-
| '''(6)''' || Ẫ ẫ || ɒ̃
| '''(6)''' || Â â || ɒ
|-
|-
| '''(7)''' || Ậ ậ || ɔ
| '''(7)''' || Ẫ ẫ || ɒ̃
|-
|-
| '''(8)''' || Ā ā || æ
| '''(8)''' || Ậ ậ || ɔ
|-
|-
| '''(9)''' || Ä ä || æː
| '''(9)''' || Ā ā || æ
|-
|-
| '''(10)''' || Ă ă || ɐ̯
| '''(10)''' || Ä ä || æː
|-
|-
| '''(11)''' || B b || b
| '''(11)''' || Ă ă || ɐ̯
|-
|-
| '''(12)''' || C c || d͡ʒ
| '''(12)''' || B b || b
|-
|-
| '''(13)''' || Ç ç || t͡ʃ
| '''(13)''' || C c || d͡ʒ
|-
|-
| '''(14)''' || D d || d
| '''(14)''' || Ç ç || t͡ʃ
|-
|-
| '''(15)''' || Đ đ || ð
| '''(15)''' || D d || d
|-
|-
| '''(16)''' || Ḍ ḍ ||
| '''(16)''' || Đ đ || ð
|-
|-
| '''(17)''' || Ḋ ḋ || ɖ
| '''(17)''' || Ḍ ḍ ||
|-
|-
| '''(18)''' || Ḑ ḑ || d͡ʑ
| '''(18)''' || Ḋ ḋ || ɖ
|-
|-
| '''(19)''' || E e || ɛ
| '''(19)''' || Ḑ ḑ || d͡ʑ
|-
|-
| '''(20)''' || Ė ė || ɛ, vanishes after declension
| '''(20)''' || E e || ɛ
|-
|-
| '''(21)''' || Ẽ ẽ || ɛ̃
| '''(21)''' || Ė ė || ɛ, vanishes after declension
|-
|-
| '''(22)''' || Ê ê || e
| '''(22)''' || Ē ē || ɛː
|-
|-
| '''(23)''' || Ễ ễ ||
| '''(23)''' || Ẽ ẽ || ɛ̃
|-
|-
| '''(24)''' || Ë ë || ə̃
| '''(24)''' || Ê ê || e
|-
|-
| '''(25)''' || F f || f
| '''(25)''' || Ễ ễ ||
|-
|-
| '''(26)''' || G g || ɡ
| '''(26)''' || Ë ë || ə̃
|-
|-
| '''(27)''' || Ĝ ĝ || ɦ̬
| '''(27)''' || F f || f
|-
|-
| '''(28)''' || Ǧ ǧ || ɣ
| '''(28)''' || G g || ɡ
|-
|-
| '''(29)''' || Ģ ģ || ɟ
| '''(29)''' || Ĝ ĝ || ɦ̬
|-
|-
| '''(30)''' || H h || h, turns to j after declension
| '''(30)''' || Ǧ ǧ || ɣ
|-
|-
| '''(31)''' || Ḧ ḧ || h
| '''(31)''' || Ģ ģ || ɟ
|-
|-
| '''(32)''' || Ĥ ĥ || ɦ
| '''(32)''' || H h || h, turns to j after declension
|-
|-
| '''(33)''' || Ħ ħ || ħ
| '''(33)''' || Ḧ ḧ || h
|-
|-
| '''(34)''' || ᴴ ʰ || ʰ
| '''(34)''' || Ĥ ĥ || ɦ
|-
|-
| '''(35)''' || I i || ə
| '''(35)''' || Ħ ħ || ħ
|-
|-
| '''(36)''' || Į į || ə, vanishes after declension
| '''(36)''' || ᴴ ʰ || ʰ
|-
|-
| '''(37)''' || Î î || i
| '''(37)''' || I i || ə
|-
|-
| '''(38)''' || Ĩ ĩ || ĩ
| '''(38)''' || Į į || ə, vanishes after declension
|-
|-
| '''(39)''' || J j || ʒ
| '''(39)''' || Î î || i
|-
|-
| '''(40)''' || Ĵ ĵ || ʑ
| '''(40)''' || Ī ī ||
|-
|-
| '''(41)''' || ᴶ ʲ || −, turns to ' after declension
| '''(41)''' || Ĩ ĩ || ĩ
|-
|-
| '''(42)''' || K k || k
| '''(42)''' || J j || ʒ
|-
|-
| '''(43)''' || Ǩ ǩ || q͡x
| '''(43)''' || Ĵ ĵ || ʑ
|-
|-
| '''(44)''' || Ķ ķ ||
| '''(44)''' || ᴶ ʲ || −, turns to ' after declension
|-
|-
| '''(45)''' || L l || l
| '''(45)''' || K k || k
|-
|-
| '''(46)''' || Ĺ ĺ || ɫ
| '''(46)''' || Ǩ ǩ || q͡x
|-
|-
| '''(47)''' || Ł ł || ʎ
| '''(47)''' || Ķ ķ ||
|-
|-
| '''(48)''' || Ļ ļ || ɭ
| '''(48)''' || L l || l
|-
|-
| '''(49)''' || Ḽ ḽ ||
| '''(49)''' || Ĺ ĺ || ɫ
|-
|-
| '''(50)''' || Ľ ľ || ɫ̩
| '''(50)''' || Ł ł || ʎ
|-
|-
| '''(51)''' || M m || m
| '''(51)''' || Ļ ļ || ɭ
|-
|-
| '''(52)''' || Ṁ ṁ ||
| '''(52)''' || Ḽ ḽ ||
|-
|-
| '''(53)''' || N n || n
| '''(53)''' || Ľ ľ || ɫ̩
|-
|-
| '''(54)''' || Ń ń || ɲ
| '''(54)''' || M m || m
|-
|-
| '''(55)''' || Ň ň || ŋ
| '''(55)''' || Ṁ ṁ ||
|-
|-
| '''(56)''' || Ŋ ŋ || ŋ, turns to ŋg after declension but letter remains
| '''(56)''' || N n || n
|-
|-
| '''(57)''' || Ṇ ṇ || ɴ
| '''(57)''' || Ń ń || ɲ
|-
|-
| '''(58)''' || Ṅ ṅ || ɳ
| '''(58)''' || Ň ň || ŋ
|-
|-
| '''(59)''' || Ņ ņ ||
| '''(59)''' || Ŋ ŋ || ŋ, turns to ŋg after declension but letter remains
|-
|-
| '''(60)''' || O o || o
| '''(60)''' || Ṇ ṇ || ɴ
|-
|-
| '''(61)''' || Ȯ ȯ || o
| '''(61)''' || Ṅ ṅ || ɳ
|-
|-
| '''(62)''' || Ō ō ||
| '''(62)''' || Ņ ņ ||
|-
|-
| '''(63)''' || Ö ö || œ
| '''(63)''' || O o || o
|-
|-
| '''(64)''' || Ø ø || ø
| '''(64)''' || Ȯ ȯ || o
|-
|-
| '''(65)''' || Ǫ ǫ || ɜʊ̯
| '''(65)''' || Ō ō ||
|-
|-
| '''(66)''' || P p || p
| '''(66)''' || Ö ö || œ
|-
|-
| '''(67)''' || Q q || q
| '''(67)''' || Ø ø || ø
|-
|-
| '''(68)''' || R r || r
| '''(68)''' || Ǫ ǫ || ɜʊ̯
|-
|-
| '''(69)''' || Ř ř || ɹ
| '''(69)''' || P p || p
|-
|-
| '''(70)''' || Ŕ ŕ || ɽ
| '''(70)''' || Q q || q
|-
|-
| '''(71)''' || Ŗ ŗ ||
| '''(71)''' || R r || r
|-
|-
| '''(72)''' || Ṛ ṛ || ɹ̩
| '''(72)''' || Ř ř || ɹ
|-
|-
| '''(73)''' || S s || s
| '''(73)''' || Ŕ ŕ || ɽ
|-
|-
| '''(74)''' || Ş ş || ʃ
| '''(74)''' || Ŗ ŗ ||
|-
|-
| '''(75)''' || Ṣ ṣ ||
| '''(75)''' || Ṛ ṛ || ɹ̩
|-
|-
| '''(76)''' || Ṡ ṡ || ʂ
| '''(76)''' || S s || s
|-
|-
| '''(77)''' || Ŝ ŝ || ç
| '''(77)''' || Ş ş || ʃ
|-
|-
| '''(78)''' || T t || t
| '''(78)''' || Ṣ ṣ ||
|-
|-
| '''(79)''' || Ṯ ṯ || θ
| '''(79)''' || Ṡ ṡ || ʂ
|-
|-
| '''(80)''' || Ṭ ṭ ||
| '''(80)''' || Ŝ ŝ || ç
|-
|-
| '''(81)''' || Ṫ ṫ || ʈ
| '''(81)''' || T t || t
|-
|-
| '''(82)''' || Ț ț || t͡ɕ
| '''(82)''' || Ṯ ṯ || θ
|-
|-
| '''(83)''' || ᵀ ᵗ || h
| '''(83)''' || Ṭ ṭ ||
|-
|-
| '''(84)''' || U u || u
| '''(84)''' || Ṫ ṫ || ʈ
|-
|-
| '''(85)''' || Û û ||
| '''(85)''' || Ț ț || t͡ɕ
|-
|-
| '''(86)''' || Ũ ũ || ũ
| '''(86)''' || ᵀ ᵗ || h
|-
|-
| '''(87)''' || Ǔ ǔ || ɯ
| '''(87)''' || U u || u
|-
|-
| '''(88)''' || Ü ü || y
| '''(88)''' || Û û ||
|-
|-
| '''(89)''' || Ů ů || v, turns to f after declension but letter remains
| '''(89)''' || Ũ ũ || ũ
|-
|-
| '''(90)''' || V v || v
| '''(90)''' || Ǔ ǔ || ɯ
|-
|-
| '''(91)''' || W w || w
| '''(91)''' || Ü ü || y
|-
|-
| '''(92)''' || Ŵ ŵ || ɸ
| '''(92)''' || Ů ů || v, turns to f after declension but letter remains
|-
|-
| '''(93)''' || Ẃ ẃ || əw
| '''(93)''' || V v || v
|-
|-
| '''(94)''' || Ẁ ẁ || ew
| '''(94)''' || W w || w
|-
|-
| '''(95)''' || Ẇ ẇ ||
| '''(95)''' || Ŵ ŵ || ɸ
|-
|-
| '''(96)''' || ᵂ ʷ || ʷ
| '''(96)''' || Ẃ ẃ || əw
|-
|-
| '''(97)''' || X x || x
| '''(97)''' || Ẁ ẁ || ew
|-
|-
| '''(98)''' || Ẍ ẍ || x, turns to ɣ after declension but letter remains
| '''(98)''' || Ẇ ẇ ||
|-
|-
| '''(99)''' || Ẋ ẋ || ks
| '''(99)''' || ᵂ ʷ || ʷ
|-
|-
| '''(100)''' || Y y || j
| '''(100)''' || X x || x
|-
|-
| '''(101)''' || ʸ || ʲ
| '''(101)''' || Ẍ ẍ || x, turns to ɣ after declension but letter remains
|-
|-
| '''(102)''' || Z z || z
| '''(102)''' || Ẋ ẋ || ks
|-
|-
| '''(103)''' || Ż ż || t͡s
| '''(103)''' || Y y || j
|-
|-
| '''(104)''' || Ẓ ẓ || ðˤ
| '''(104)''' || ʸ || ʲ
|-
|-
| '''(105)''' || Ž ž || d͡z
| '''(105)''' || Z z || z
|-
|-
| '''(106)''' || Ẑ ẑ || ʐ
| '''(106)''' || Ż ż || t͡s
|-
|-
| '''(107)''' || ʔ ɂ || ʔ
| '''(107)''' || Ẓ ẓ || ðˤ
|-
|-
| '''(108)''' || ʿ || ʕ
| '''(108)''' || Ž ž || d͡z
|-
| '''(109)''' || Ẑ ẑ || ʐ
|-
| '''(110)''' || ʔ ɂ || ʔ
|-
| '''(111)''' || ʿ || ʕ
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
Line 974: Line 979:
! Preposition
! Preposition
! Needed Case
! Needed Case
! Example
|-
|-
! ʿam<br/>عام<br/>with
! ʿam<br/>عاٛم<br/>with
| Dative
| Dative
| I am playing with my friend.<br/>'''Āz ām elîsti ʿam ħāvâlêo min.'''
|-
|-
! bî<br/>بی<br/>about
! bî<br/>بی<br/>about
| Accusative
| Accusative
| The kid is talking about his teacher.<br/>'''Zarok âxâftā bî uçîtełømua tʷîn.'''
|-
|-
! bo<br/>بۆ<br/>for
! bo<br/>بۆ<br/>for
| Accusative
| Accusative
| You have to study hard for good grades at school, Dan.<br/>'''Tû mârê dārsü zorî bo notânua bâşî li dārsgeyêh, Den.'''
|-
|-
! çimik<br/>چۀمۀک<br/>because of, through
! çimka<br/>چۀمکاٛ<br/>because of, through
| Dative
| Possessive
| Dan is happy because of the good results of his exams.<br/>'''Den ā xoşî çimka resultâna bâşîya kĺawzûrân.'''
|-
|-
! êẋept<br/>ئێګەپت<br/>except
! êẋept<br/>ئێګەپت<br/>except
| Dative
| Depends
| I hate all of you except Alan.<br/>'''Āz ħār şomâu mirzo êẋept tā, Eĺin.'''
|-
|-
! ji<br/>ژۀ<br/>from, by
! ji<br/>ژۀ<br/>from, by
| Dative
| Dative
| I originate from Sweden.<br/>'''Āz ām ji Sverîyeh.'''
|-
|-
! ka<br/>کا<br/>like
! ka<br/>کاٛ<br/>like
| Dative
| Dative
|-
|-
Line 1,017: Line 1,029:
| Accusative
| Accusative
|-
|-
! ńemaga<br/>ڼەماگا<br/>except of
! ńemaga<br/>ڼەماٛگاٛ<br/>except of
| Possessive
| Possessive
|-
|-
Line 1,029: Line 1,041:
| Accusative
| Accusative
|-
|-
! żirka<br/>ځۀرکا<br/>near
! żirka<br/>ځۀرکاٛ<br/>near
| Possessive
| Possessive
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 00:23, 11 September 2022

Hawari language
Zimâna Ħāwārî
زۀماٚنا حەٙوەٙری
ZimanaHawari(Tongtsehayi).png
Pronunciation[zɯ.ˈmɑː.na ˈħæ.wæˑ.riˑ]
Created byMansenBk
Native tono specific
Ethnicityno specific
Native speakers1 (2020)
Standard forms
Dialect
~15 dialects
Bāyrâẍa Nûyîya Ħāwārømân.png
The Hawari flag

Hawari, natively Ħāwārî (IPA: {hə'wʌɹɪ}, {ˈħæwæˑriˑ}), sometimes also spelled Hwari, is an a posteriori constructed auxillary language in the Northwestern Iranian group of the Indo-European family. Speakers of the language are called Hawars. The total number of Hawari-speakers is 1.

Hawari belongs to the Hawaric Northwestern Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian branch.

Phonology and Orthography
Fonoloj û Ậrtoǧraf
فۆنۆلۆژ ئۉ ئاٚ‌ْرتۆغراف

Alphabets and Pronounciation

The Latin Hawari Alphabet
Letter IPA
(1) A a a
(2) Á á
(3) Ȧ ȧ a, turns to ɛ after declension
(4) Å å a, vanishes after declension
(5) Ã ã ã
(6)  Â â ɒ
(7) Ẫ ẫ ɒ̃
(8) Ậ ậ ɔ
(9) Ā ā æ
(10) Ä ä æː
(11) Ă ă ɐ̯
(12) B b b
(13) C c d͡ʒ
(14) Ç ç t͡ʃ
(15) D d d
(16) Đ đ ð
(17) Ḍ ḍ
(18) Ḋ ḋ ɖ
(19) Ḑ ḑ d͡ʑ
(20) E e ɛ
(21) Ė ė ɛ, vanishes after declension
(22) Ē ē ɛː
(23) Ẽ ẽ ɛ̃
(24) Ê ê e
(25) Ễ ễ
(26) Ë ë ə̃
(27) F f f
(28) G g ɡ
(29) Ĝ ĝ ɦ̬
(30) Ǧ ǧ ɣ
(31) Ģ ģ ɟ
(32) H h h, turns to j after declension
(33) Ḧ ḧ h
(34) Ĥ ĥ ɦ
(35) Ħ ħ ħ
(36) ᴴ ʰ ʰ
(37) I i ə
(38) Į į ə, vanishes after declension
(39) Î î i
(40) Ī ī
(41) Ĩ ĩ ĩ
(42) J j ʒ
(43) Ĵ ĵ ʑ
(44) ᴶ ʲ −, turns to ' after declension
(45) K k k
(46) Ǩ ǩ q͡x
(47) Ķ ķ
(48) L l l
(49) Ĺ ĺ ɫ
(50) Ł ł ʎ
(51) Ļ ļ ɭ
(52) Ḽ ḽ
(53) Ľ ľ ɫ̩
(54) M m m
(55) Ṁ ṁ
(56) N n n
(57) Ń ń ɲ
(58) Ň ň ŋ
(59) Ŋ ŋ ŋ, turns to ŋg after declension but letter remains
(60) Ṇ ṇ ɴ
(61) Ṅ ṅ ɳ
(62) Ņ ņ
(63) O o o
(64) Ȯ ȯ o
(65) Ō ō
(66) Ö ö œ
(67) Ø ø ø
(68) Ǫ ǫ ɜʊ̯
(69) P p p
(70) Q q q
(71) R r r
(72) Ř ř ɹ
(73) Ŕ ŕ ɽ
(74) Ŗ ŗ
(75) Ṛ ṛ ɹ̩
(76) S s s
(77) Ş ş ʃ
(78) Ṣ ṣ
(79) Ṡ ṡ ʂ
(80) Ŝ ŝ ç
(81) T t t
(82) Ṯ ṯ θ
(83) Ṭ ṭ
(84) Ṫ ṫ ʈ
(85) Ț ț t͡ɕ
(86) ᵀ ᵗ h
(87) U u u
(88) Û û
(89) Ũ ũ ũ
(90) Ǔ ǔ ɯ
(91) Ü ü y
(92) Ů ů v, turns to f after declension but letter remains
(93) V v v
(94) W w w
(95) Ŵ ŵ ɸ
(96) Ẃ ẃ əw
(97) Ẁ ẁ ew
(98) Ẇ ẇ
(99) ᵂ ʷ ʷ
(100) X x x
(101) Ẍ ẍ x, turns to ɣ after declension but letter remains
(102) Ẋ ẋ ks
(103) Y y j
(104) ʸ ʲ
(105) Z z z
(106) Ż ż t͡s
(107) Ẓ ẓ ðˤ
(108) Ž ž d͡z
(109) Ẑ ẑ ʐ
(110) ʔ ɂ ʔ
(111) ʿ ʕ
The most important scripts with IPA Sound type Conscripts
Latin IPA IPA (also allowed to use) Arabic Tongtsehayi
Latin double*
(1) A a - a/ˑ/ː ا v
(2) Ã ã - ã اࣸ v
(3) Ȧ ȧ - a / ɛ (f) ا࣪ v
(4) Å å - a / - (f) ا࣫ v
(5) Â â - ɒ/ˑ/ː اٚ v
(6) Ậ ậ - ɔ اٚ࣪ v
(7) Ẫ ẫ - ɔ̃ اࣷ v
(8) Ā ā - æ/ˑ ەٙ v
(9) Ä ä - æː ەٙٙ v
(10) Ă ă Ăă ăă ɐ̯ اٛ s
(11) B b Bb bb b ب c
Hawari B.png
(12) Bʰ bʰ Bh bh ٻ c
(13) C c Dc dc d͡ʒ ج c
Hawari C.png
(14) Cʰ cʰ Ch ch d͡ʒʱ ڃ c
(15) Ç ç Tş tş t͡ʃ چ c
Hawari Ç.png
(16) Çʰ çʰ Çh çh t͡ʃʰ ڇ c
(17) Č č - .ʃt / ʃt. ڄ c
Hawari Č.png
(18) Ć ć - .st / st. ڜ c
Hawari Ć.png
(19) D d Ḓ ḓ d د c
Hawari D.png
(20) Dʰ dʰ Dh dh ڌ c
(21) Ḓ ḓ - دّ c
(22) Đ đ Ðđ đđ ð ذ c
Hawari Đ.png
(23) Đʰ đʰ Đh đh ðʰ ڍ c
(24) Ď ď Dđ dđ d͡ð دٚ c
Hawari Ď.png
(25) Ḍ ḍ Ḍḍ ḍḍ ڊ / ض c
Hawari Ḍ.png
(26) Ḋ ḋ Ḋḋ ḋḋ ɖ ډ c
Hawari Ḋ.png
(27) Ḑ ḑ Dĵ dĵ d͡ʑ دٛ c
(28) E e - ɛ/ˑ/ː ە v
(29) Ė ė - ɛ / - (f) ە࣪ v
(30) Ẽ ẽ - ەࣷ v
(31) Ê ê - e/ˑ/ː ێ v
(32) Ễ ễ - یࣸ v
(33) Ë ë - ɯ̃ ەࣸ v
(34) -eh - ɛˑh / ɛj (f) / ɛt (f) ے i
(35) -êh - eˑh / ej (f) / et (f) ےٛ i
(36) F f Ff ff f ف c
Hawari F.png
(37) Fʰ fʰ Fh fh فٚ c
(38) G g Gg gg g گ c
Hawari G.png
(39) Gʰ gʰ Gh gh گٛ c
(40) Ĝ ĝ Ĝ ĝ ʁ̬ ڠ c
Hawari Ĝ.png
(41) Ǧ ǧ Ǧǧ ǧǧ ɣ غ c
Hawari Ǧ.png
(42) Ģ ģ Gĵ gĵ ɟ گٚ c
Hawari Ģ.png
(43) H h Hh hh h / j (f) / t (f) ھ i
Hawari H.png
(44) Hʰ hʰ Hhʰ hhʰ ɦ ھٚ c
(45) Ḧ ḧ Ḧḧ ḧḧ h ھْ c
Hawari Ḧ.png
(46) Ĥ ĥ Ĥĥ ĥĥ χ̬ ھٛ c
Hawari Ĥ.png
(47) Ħ ħ Ħħ ħħ ħ ح c
Hawari Ħ.png
(48) I i - ə/ˑ/ː ۀ v
(49) Į į - ə / - (f) ۀٚ࣪ c
(50) Ǐ ǐ Ǐy ǐy ə(ˑ)j ə=>ɯ ۀی s
(51) Î î - i/ˑ ی v
(52) Ī ī - یٙٙ v
(53) Ï ï Ïy ïy ɪ(ˑ)j یٙ s
(54) Îy îy Îyy îyy i(ˑ)j ؽ s
(55) J j Jj jj ʒ ژ c
Hawari J.png
(56) Jʰ jʰ Jh jh ʒʱ ڙ c
(57) ᴶ ʲ - - ٖ c
(58) Ĵ ĵ Ĵĵ ĵĵ ʑ ږ c
Hawari Ĵ.png
(59) K k Kk kk k ک c
Hawari K.png
(60) Kʰ kʰ Kh kh ڪ c
(61) Ǩ ǩ Qx qx / Kx kx q͡x / k͡x (d) ڳ c
Hawari Ǩ.png
(62) Ķ ķ Ks ks .ks / ks. ګ c
Hawari Ķ.png
(63) Ḳ ḳ Kŝ kŝ c کٚ c
Hawari Ḳ.png
(64) L l Ll ll l ل c
Hawari L.png
(65) Lʰ lʰ Lh lh c
(66) Ĺ ĺ Ĺĺ ĺĺ ɫ ڵ c
Hawari Ĺ.png
(67) Ł ł ly ly ʎ ݪ c
(68) Ļ ļ Ļ ļ ɭ ڶ c
Hawari Ļ.png
(69) Ḽ ḽ - ɫ̩ / ə̆ɫ (d) ڵْ m
Hawari Ḽ.png
(70) Ľ ľ - لْ m
Hawari Ľ.png
(71) M m Mm mm m م c
Hawari M.png
(72) Mʰ mʰ Mh mh مٚ c
(73) Ḿ ḿ My my مِ c
(74) N n Ṋ ṋ n ن c
Hawari N.png
(75) Nʰ nʰ Nh nh ڹ c
(76) Ń ń Ńy ńy ɲ ڼ c
(77) Ň ň Ňň ňň ŋ ݩ c
Hawari Ň.png
(78) Ŋ ŋ Ňŋ ňŋ ŋ (fin) / ŋg (int, med) ݩْ c
Hawari Ŋ.png
(79) Ṋ ṋ - نّ c
(80) Ṇ ṇ Ṇ ṇ ɴ نࣷ c
Hawari Ṇ.png
(81) Ṅ ṅ Ṅ ṅ ɳ نࣸ c
Hawari Ṅ.png
(82) Ņ ņ - نْ m
Hawari Ņ.png
(83) O o - o/ˑ ۆ v
(84) Ō ō - ۆٙ v
(85) Ȯ ȯ - o / - (f) ۆ࣪ v
(86) Õ õ - õ وࣸ v
(87) Ô ô Ôw ôw ɔw ۈ s
(88) Ö ö - œ ۏ v
(89) Ø ø - ø ۋ v
(90) Ǫ ǫ Ǫw ǫw əʊ̯ وࣺ s
(91) P p Pp pp p پ c
Hawari P.png
(92) Pʰ pʰ Ph ph ڀ c
(93) Q q Qq qq q ق c
Hawari Q.png
(94) R r Rr rr r ر c
Hawari R.png
(95) Rr rr Rrr rrr r ڕ c
(96) Rʰ rʰ Rh rh ɾʰ رٛ c
(97) Ř ř Řř řř ɹ ڒ c
Hawari Ř.png
(98) Řʰ řʰ Řh řh ɹʱ رࣸ c
(99) Ŕ ŕ Řŕ řŕ ɽ / ʀ ړ c
Hawari Ŕ.png
(100) Ŗ ŗ Ŗr ŗr رْ m
Hawari Ŗ.png
(101) Ṛ ṛ Ṛř ṛř ɹ̩ ڒ࣪ m
Hawari Ṛ.png
(102) S s Ss ss s س c
Hawari S.png
(103) Sʰ sʰ Sh sh ښ c
(104) Ş ş Şş şş ʃ ش c
Hawari Ş.png
(105) Şʰ şʰ Şh şh ʃʰ ݜ c
(106) Ṣ ṣ Ṣṣ ṣṣ ص c
Hawari Ṣ.png
(107) Ṡ ṡ Ṡṡ ṡṡ ʂ سٚ c
Hawari Ṡ.png
(108) Ŝ ŝ Ŝŝ ŝŝ ç ݾ c
Hawari Ŝ.png
(109) Š š Şç şç ʃt͡ʃ. / .ʃt͡ʃ ڛ c
Hawari Š.png
(110) T t Ť ť t ت c
Hawari T.png
(111) Ť ť Ťt ťt tˑ (l) تّ c
(112) Tʰ tʰ Th th ٿ c
(113) Ṯ ṯ Ṯṯ ṯṯ θ ث c
Hawari Ṯ.png
(114) Ṭ ṭ Ṭṭ ṭṭ ط c
Hawari Ṭ.png
(115) Ṫ ṫ Ṫṫ ṫṫ ʈ ټ c
Hawari Ṫ.png
(116) ᵀ ᵗ - h (fin) / - (fin, d) / t (med) ة c
(117) Ț ț Tŝ tŝ t͡ɕ تٛ c
(118) U u - u و v
(119) Û û - uˑ/ː ۉ v
(120) Ũ ũ - ũ وࣷ v
(121) Ü ü - y/ˑ/ː ۊ v
(122) Ů ů Ůf ůf / ův ův f (fin), v (med) c
Hawari Ů.png
(123) Ǔ ǔ - ɯ/ˑ/ː وٙٙ v
(124) V v Vv vv v ڤ c
Hawari V.png
(125) Vʰ vʰ Vh vh ڤٚ c
(126) W w Ww ww w و s
Hawari W.png
(127) Ŵ ŵ Ŵŵ ŵŵ ɸ ۄ c
Hawari Ŵ.png
(128) Ẃ ẃ Iww iww ɯw ڡ c
(129) Ẁ ẁ Êww êww ew ڡٚ c
(130) Ẇ ẇ Ẇv ẇv ڡٙ m
Hawari Ẇ.png
(131) Wu wu - wu وُ v
(132) ᵂ ʷ - ʷ ٝ c
(133) X x Xx xx x خ c
Hawari X.png
(134) Ẍ ẍ Ẍx ẍx / Ẍǧ ẍǧ x (fin), ɣ (med) غْ c
Hawari Ẍ.png
(135) Ẋ ẋ Ẋs ẋs ks ــٛٚـ c
Hawari Ẋ.png
(136) Y y Yy yy j ی s
Hawari Y.png
(137) Yî yî - ji/ˑ یِ v
(138) ʸ ʸ - ʲ ِ c
(139) Z z Zz zz z ز c
Hawari Z.png
(140) Zʰ zʰ Zh zh ڗ c
(141) Ż ż Ts ts t͡s ځ c
Hawari Ż.png
(142) Ẓ ẓ Ẓẓ ẓẓ ظ c
Hawari Ẓ.png
(143) Ž ž Dz dz d͡z څ c
Hawari Ž.png
(144) Ẑ ẑ Ẑẑ ẑẑ ʐ ژࣺ c
Hawari Ẑ.png
(145) ʔ ɂ ʔɂ ɂɂ ʔ ئ c
Hawari ʔ.png
(146) ʿ ʿ ʿʿ ʕ ع c
Hawari ʿ.png

Grammar
Gramatîk
گراماتیک

Personal pronouns

Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Masc. Fem. Neutr. Impers. Plur. Polite.
(English) I you (sing.) he she it you (impers.) we you (plur.) you (pol.) they
Nominative āz
ئەٙز

تۉ
ew
ئەو
we
وە
to
تۆ
ûn
ئۉن
em
ئەم
şomâ
شۆماٚ
hûn
ھۉن
unhâ
ئونھاٚ
Dative minêh
مۀنےٛ
tebîʲ
تەبیٖ
êwār
ئێوەٙر
îwār
ئیوەٙر
tiwār
تۀوەٙر
ûnêh
ئۉنےٛ
emêh
ئەمےٛ
şomâyêh
شۆماٚیےٛ
hinêh
ھۀنےٛ
unhâyêh
ئۉنھاٚیےٛ
Accusative minu
مۀنو

تەٙ
êwān
ئێوەٙن
îwān
ئیوەٙن
tʷān
تٝەٙن
ûnu
ئۉنو
emu
ئەمو
şomâyu
شۆماٚیو
hinâ
ھۀناٚ
unhâyu
ئونھاٚیو
Possessive min
مۀن
tvậy
تڤاٚ࣪ی
ewîn
ئەوین
îwîn
ئیوین
tiwîn
تۀوین
ńegov
ڼەگۆڤ

ماٚ
şimîn
شۀمین
hûnem
ھۉنەم
ńîĥov
ڼیھٛۆڤ

Nouns

Declension of Nouns

Ending with a semi- or consonant besides h, ǐ, ï and y
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-
-a
ا-

ێ-
-ân
اٚن-
-âno
اٚنۆ-
-âna
اٚنا-
-ânê
اٚنێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-
-êo
ێٮۆ-
-êa
ێٮا-
-êê
ێٮێ-
-ânêh
اٚنےٛ-
-ânêo
اٚنێٮۆ-
-ânêa
اٚنێٮا-
-ânêê
اٚنێٮێ-
Accusative -u
و-
-uo
وٮۆ-
-ua
وٮا-
-uê
وٮێ-
-ânu
اٚنو-
-ânuo
اٚنوٮۆ-
-anua
اٚنوٮا-
-ânuê
اٚنوٮێ-
(((Stem)))
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative
Dative
Accusative
Ending with an n
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-
-a
ا-

ێ-
-hâ
ھاٚ-
-hâo
ھاٚٮۆ-
-hâa
ھاٚٮا-
-hâê
ھاٚٮێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-
-êo
ێٮۆ-
-êa
ێٮا-
-êê
ێٮێ-
-hâyêh
ھاٚیےٛ-
-hâyo
ھاٚیۆ-
-hâya
ھاٚیا-
-hâyê
ھاٚیێ-
Accusative -u
و-
-uyo
وٮۆ-
-ua
وٮا-
-uê
وٮێ-
-hâyu
ھاٚیو-
-hâwo
ھاٚوۆ-
-hâwa
ھاٚوا-
-hâwê
ھاٚوێ-
Ending with a vowel

The following vowels let a noun be declined like the chart down below shows: ã, â, ẫ, ậ, ä, e, ẽ, ë, ī, õ, ö, ø, ũ, û

Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -yo
یۆ-
-ya
یا-
-yê
یێ-
-yân
یاٚن-
-yâno
یاٚنۆ-
-yâna
یاٚنا-
-yânê
یاٚنێ-
Dative -yêh
یےٛ-
-yêo
یێٮۆ-
-yêa
یێٮا-
-yêê
یێٮێ-
-yânêh
یاٚنےٛ-
-yânêo
یاٚنێٮۆ-
-yânêa
یاٚنێٮا-
-yânêê
یاٚنێٮێ-
Accusative -yu
یو-
-yuo
یوٮۆ-
-yua
یوٮا-
-yuê
یوٮێ-
-yânu
یاٚنو-
-yânuo
یاٚنوٮۆ-
-yânua
یاٚنوٮا-
-yânuê
یاٚنوٮێ-
Ending with a y
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-
-a
ا-

ێ-
-ân
اٚن-
-âno
اٚنۆ-
-âna
اٚنا-
-ânê
اٚنێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-
-êo
ێٮۆ-
-êa
ێٮا-
-êê
ێٮێ-
-ânêh
اٚنےٛ-
-ânêo
اٚنێٮۆ-
-ânêa
اٚنێٮا-
-ânêê
اٚنێٮێ-
Accusative -u
و-
-uo
وٮۆ-
-ua
وٮا-
-uê
وٮێ-
-ânu
اٚنو-
-ânuo
اٚنوٮۆ-
-ânua
اٚنوٮا-
-ânuê
اٚنوٮێ-
Ending with an h
Except final h
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -yo
یۆ-
-ya
یا-
-yê
یێ-
-yân
یاٚن-
-yâno
یاٚنۆ-
-yâna
یاٚنا-
-yânê
یاٚنێ-
Dative -yêh
یےٛ-
-yêo
یێٮۆ-
-yêa
یێٮا-
-yêê
یێٮێ-
-yânêh
یاٚنےٛ-
-yânêo
یاٚنێٮۆ-
-yânêa
یاٚنێٮا-
-yânêê
یاٚنێٮێ-
Accusative -yu
یو-
-yuo
یوٮۆ-
-yua
یوٮا-
-yuê
یوٮێ-
-yânu
یاٚنو-
-yânuo
یاٚنوٮۆ-
-yânua
یاٚنوٮا-
-yânuê
یاٚنوٮێ-
When the two last consonants are y and h (with a vowel between them), or also for nouns ending with ᵗ
Except final h/ᵗ
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -to
تۆ-
-ta
تا-
-tê
تێ-
-tân
تاٚن-
-tâno
تاٚنۆ-
-tâna
تاٚنا-
-tânê
تاٚنێ-
Dative -têh
تےٛ-
-têo
تێٮۆ-
-têa
تێٮا-
-têê
تێٮێ-
-tânêh
تاٚنےٛ-
-tânêo
تاٚنێٮۆ-
-tânêa
تاٚنێٮا-
-tânêê
تاٚنێٮێ-
Accusative -tu
تو-
-tuo
تویۆ-
-tua
تویا-
-tuê
تویێ-
-tânu
تاٚنو-
-tânuo
تاٚنویۆ-
-tânua
تاٚنویا-
-tânuê
تاٚنویێ-
-ȧ(-)
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -a-o
ا-ۆ-
-e-a
ە-ا-
-a-ê
ا-ێ-
-e-ân
ە-اٚن-
-e-âno
ە-اٚنۆ-
-e-âna
ە-اٚنا-
-e-ânê
ە-اٚنێ-
Dative -a-êh
ا-ےٛ-
-a-êo
ا-ێٮۆ-
-a-êa
ا-ێٮا-
-a-êê
ا-ێٮێ-
-e-ânêh
ە-اٚنےٛ
-e-ânêo
ە-اٚنێٮۆ-
-e-ânêa
ە-اٚنێٮا-
-e-ânêê
ە-اٚنێٮێ
Accusative -e-u
ە-و-
-e-uo
ە-وٮۆ-
-e-uya
ە-وٮا-
-e-uê
ە-وٮێ-
-e-ânu
ە-اٚنو-
-e-ânuo
ە-اٚنوٮۆ-
-e-ânua
ە-اٚنوٮا-
-e-ânuê
ە-اٚنوٮێ

If the letter after the ȧ is nothing, an h, ʸ, ǐ or ï, the "y" shown in the last chart turns into t.

Other rules

Ǐ turns to iy, ï to ïy, ô to ậw, ǫ to öw, ẃ to iw, ẁ to êw, č to şt and ć to st, when being the final letter of an unflexed word. When the last vowel is å, ė, į or ȯ, it disappears in the flexed form of a word.

Verbs

Every verb is declined regularly except of îmü (between to have and to be) and morü (to be).

Personal Pronouns Indicative
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz
ئەٙز
-o
ۆ-
-obû
ۆبۉ-
ço -ü
چۆ -ۊ
dêʲ -o
دێٖ -ۆ
ço -übû
چۆ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ -obû
دیٖ -ۆبۉ

تۉ

ێ-
-îbû
یبۉ/-یِبۉ-
çê -ü
چە -ۊ
dêʲ -ê
دێٖ -ێ
çê -übû
چێ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ -îbû
دێٖ -یبۉ/دێٖ -یِبۉ
Ew/We/To/Ûn
ئەو/وە/تۆ/ئۉن

ەٙ-
-ābû
ەٙبۉ-
çā -ü
چەٙ -ۊ
dêʲ -ā
دێٖ -ەٙ
çā -übû
چەٙ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ -ābû
دێٖ -ەٙبۉ
Em
ئەم
-âm
اٚم-
-âbûn
اٚبۉن-
çâm -ü
چاٚم -ۊ
dêʲ -âm
دێٖ -اٚم
çâm -übûn
چاٚم -ۊبۉن
dêʲ -âbûn
دێٖ -اٚبۉن
Şomâ/Hûn
شۆماٚ/ھۉن
-in
ۀن-
-îbûn
یبۉن/-یِبۉن
çøn -ü
چۋن -ۊ
dêʲ -in
دێٖ -ۀن
çøn -übûn
چۋن -ۊبۉن
dêʲ -îbûn
دێٖ -یبۉن/-یِبۉن
Ûnhâ
ئۉنھاٚ
-ānd
ەٙند-
-ābûn
ەٙبۉن-
çøn -ü
چۋن -ۊ
dêʲ -ānd
دێٖ -ەٙند
çøn -übûn
چۋن -ۊبۉن
dêʲ -ābûn
دێٖ -ەٙبۉن
Personal Pronouns Optative, Subjunctive, Jussive
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz
ئەٙز
bi-o
بۀ-ۆ
bi-obû
بۀ-ۆبۉ
biço -ü
بۀچۆ -ۊ
dêʲ bi-o
دێٖ بۀ-ۆ
biço -übû
بۀچۆ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ bi-obû
دێٖ بۀ-ۆبۉ

تۉ
bi-ê
بۀ-ێ
bi-îbû
بۀ-یبۉ
biçê -ü
بۀچێ -ۊ
dêʲ bi-ê
دێٖ بۀ-ێ
biçê -übû
بۀچێ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ bi-îbû
دێٖ بۀ-یبۉ
Ew/We/To/Ûn
ئەو/وە/تۆ/ئۉن
bi-ā
بۀ-ەٙ
bi-ābû
بۀ-ەٙبۉ
biçā -ü
بۀچەٙ -ۊ
dêʲ bi-ā
دێٖ بۀ-ەٙ
biçā -übû
بۀچەٙ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ bi-ābû
دێٖ بۀ-ەٙبۉ
Em
ئەم
bi-âm
بۀ-اٚم
bi-âbûn
بۀ-اٚبۉن
biçâm -ü
بۀچاٚم -ۊ
dêʲ bi-âm
دێٖ بۀ-اٚم
biçâm -übûn
بۀچاٚم -ۊبۉن
dêʲ bi-âbûn
دێٖ بۀ-اٚبۉن
Şomâ/Hûn
شۆماٚ/ھۉن
bi-in
بۀ-ۀن
bi-îbûn
بۀ-یبۉن
biçøn -ü
بۀچۋن -ۊ
dêʲ bi-in
دێٖ بۀ-ۀن
biçøn -übûn
بۀچۋن -ۊبۉن
dêʲ bi-îbûn
دێٖ بۀ-یبۉن
Ûnhâ
ئۉنھاٚ
bi-ānd
بۀ-ەٙند
bi-ābûn
بۀ-ەٙبۉن
biçøn -ü
بۀچۋن -ۊ
dêʲ bi-ānd
دێٖ بۀ-ەٙند
biçøn -übûn
بۀچۋن -ۊبۉ
dêʲ bi-ābûn
دێٖ بۀ-ەٙبۉن

Here the negated forms:

Personal Pronouns Indicative
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz
ئەٙز
nā -o
نەٙ -ۆ
nā -obû
نەٙ -ۆبۉ
nāço -ü
نەٙچۆ -ۊ
dêʲ nā -o
دێٖ نەٙ -ۆ
nāço -übû
نەٙچۆ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ nā -obû
دێٖ نەٙ -ۆبۉ

تۉ
nā -ê
نەٙ -ێ
nā -îbû
نەٙ -یبۉ
nāçê -ü
نەٙچێ -ۊ
dêʲ nā -ê
دێٖ نەٙ -ێ
nāçê -übû
نەٙچێ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ nā -îbû
دێٖ نەٙ -یبۉ
Ew/We/To/Ûn
ئەو/وە/تۆ/ئۉن
nā -ā
نەٙ -ەٙ
nā -ābû
نەٙ-ەٙبۉ
nāçā -ü
نەٙچەٙ -ۊ
dêʲ nā -ā
دێٖ نەٙ -ەٙ
nāçā -übû
نەٙچەٙ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ nā -ābû
دێٖ نەٙ -ەٙبۉ
Em
ئەم
nā-âm
نەٙ -اٚم
nā -âbûn
نەٙ -اٚبۉن
nāçâm -ü
نەٙچاٚم -ۊ
dêʲ nā -âm
دێٖ نەٙ -اٚم
nāçâm -übûn
نەٙچاٚم -ۊبۉن
dêʲ nā -âbûn
دێٖ نەٙ -اٚبۉن
Şomâ/Hûn
شۆماٚ/ھۉن
nā -in
نەٙ -ۀن
nā -îbûn
نەٙ -یبۉن
nāçøn -ü
نەٙچۋن -ۊ
dêʲ nā -in
دێٖ نەٙ -ۀن
nāçøn -übûn
نەٙچۋن -ۊبۉن
dêʲ nā -îbûn
دێٖ نەٙ -یبۉن
Ûnhâ
ئۉنھاٚ
nā -ānd
نەٙ -ەٙند
nā -ābûn
نەٙ -ەٙبۉن
nāçøn -ü
نەٙچۋن -ۊ
dêʲ nā -ānd
دێٖ نەٙ -ەٙند
nāçøn -übûn
نەٙچۋن -ۊبۉ
dêʲ nā -ābûn
دێٖ نەٙ -ەٙبۉن
Personal Pronouns Optative, Subjunctive, Jussive
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz
ئەٙز
binā -o
بۀنەٙ -ۆ
binā -obû
بۀنەٙ -ۆبۉ
bināço -ü
بۀنەٙچۆ -ۊ
dêʲ binā -o
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ۆ
bināço -übû
بۀنەٙچۆ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ binā -obû
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ۆبۉ

تۉ
binā -ê
بۀنەٙ -ێ
binā -îbû
بۀنەٙ -یبۉ
bināçê -ü
بۀنەٙچێ -ۊ
dêʲ binā -ê
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ێ
bināçê -übû
بۀنەٙچێ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ binā -îbû
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -یبۉ
Ew/We/To/Ûn
ئەو/وە/تۆ/ئۉن
binā -ā
بۀنەٙ -ەٙ
binā -ābû
بۀنەٙ-ەٙبۉ
bināçā -ü
بۀنەٙچەٙ -ۊ
dêʲ binā -ā
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ەٙ
bināçā -übû
بۀنەٙچەٙ -ۊبۉ
dêʲ binā -ābû
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ەٙبۉ
Em
ئەم
binā-âm
بۀنەٙ -اٚم
binā -âbûn
بۀنەٙ -اٚبۉن
bināçâm -ü
بۀنەٙچاٚم -ۊ
dêʲ binā -âm
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -اٚم
bināçâm -übûn
بۀنەٙچاٚم -ۊبۉن
dêʲ binā -âbûn
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -اٚبۉن
Şomâ/Hûn
شۆماٚ/ھۉن
binā -in
بۀنەٙ -ۀن
binā -îbûn
بۀنەٙ -یبۉن
bināçøn -ü
بۀنەٙچۋن -ۊ
dêʲ binā -in
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ۀن
bināçøn -übûn
بۀنەٙچۋن -ۊبۉن
dêʲ binā -îbûn
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -یبۉن
Ûnhâ
ئۉنھاٚ
binā -ānd
بۀنەٙ -ەٙند
binā -ābûn
بۀنەٙ -ەٙبۉن
bināçøn -ü
بۀنەٙچۋن -ۊ
dêʲ binā -ānd
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ەٙند
bināçøn -übûn
بۀنەٙچۋن -ۊبۉ
dêʲ binā -ābûn
دێٖ بۀنەٙ -ەٙبۉن

For the Conjunctive mood, you conjugate the verb "zerikü / زەرۀکـــۊ", while you then use one of the infinitive forms for the next verb. For example:

"He said that you weren't speaking Hawari, is that true?

in Hawari there are two possibilities, either:

"Ew goftābû ke tû nā prîçê zimânuya Ħāwārî, że taʲ? ئەو گۆفتەٙبۉ کە تۉ نەٙ پریچێ زۀماٚنویا حەٙوەٙری، ځە تاٖ؟"

or also:

"Ew goftābû tû nā zerikê prîçü zimânuya Ħāwārî, że taʲ? ئەو گۆفتەٙبۉ تۉ نەٙ زەرۀکێ پریچۊ زۀماٚنویا حەٙوەٙری، ځە تاٖ؟"

Prepositions
Prepozîżʸonhâ
پرەپۆزیځِۆنھاٚ

In the Hawari language, there are a few kinds of prepositions. If a preposition has at least two syllables, ending with an -i / ۀ-, the object is formed through the accusative case. Many syllables + ending with an -a, -ê or -o / ا، -ێ، -ۆ-, are followed by an object in its possessive case.


Xort ji jinêh dovtābû pārâyuta nîdî, îwār şukri. => The boy received the needed money from a woman, thanking her.

Li kĺasêyo min, yāk ħār zârok utîĺîzā iPhone'u. => In my class, every single child uses an iPhone.


Here is a list of some prepositions with its needed case.

Preposition Needed Case Example
ʿam
عاٛم
with
Dative I am playing with my friend.
Āz ām elîsti ʿam ħāvâlêo min.

بی
about
Accusative The kid is talking about his teacher.
Zarok âxâftā bî uçîtełømua tʷîn.
bo
بۆ
for
Accusative You have to study hard for good grades at school, Dan.
Tû mârê dārsü zorî bo notânua bâşî li dārsgeyêh, Den.
çimka
چۀمکاٛ
because of, through
Possessive Dan is happy because of the good results of his exams.
Den ā xoşî çimka resultâna bâşîya kĺawzûrân.
êẋept
ئێګەپت
except
Depends I hate all of you except Alan.
Āz ħār şomâu mirzo êẋept tā, Eĺin.
ji
ژۀ
from, by
Dative I originate from Sweden.
Āz ām ji Sverîyeh.
ka
کاٛ
like
Dative
ki
کۀ
than
Depends on the case
of the other object
li
لۀ
in
Dative / Accusative
lidʷey
لۀدٝەی
after or for (a person)
Accusative
ligeĺ
لۀگەڵ
with, by
Dative
liser
لۀسەر
on, onto
Accusative
naj
ناژ
on
Dative / Accusative
nax
ناخ
onto, to
Accusative
ńemaga
ڼەماٛگاٛ
except of
Possessive
pro
پرۆ
in favor of
Dative
sẫ
ساࣷ
without
Accusative
zi
زۀ
till
Accusative
żirka
ځۀرکاٛ
near
Possessive

Irregular Verbs
Verbâna Nā Reguĺî
ڤەرباٚنا نەٙ رێگوڵی

to be
morü
مۆرۊ

Personal Pronouns to be
Present Past Past Perfect Future Future Perfect
when it appears after a consonant an m an h a vowel Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz
ئەٙز
ām
ئەٙم
mo
مۆ
bûmo
بۉمۆ
mābûmo
مەٙبۉمۆ
ço morü
چۆ مۆرۊ
dêʲ mo
دێٖ مۆ
ço morübû
چۆ مۆرۊبۉ
dêʲ mobû
دێٖ مۆبۉ

تۉ
ê
ئێ

یێ
bûyê
بۉیێ
mābûyê
مەٙبۉیێ
çê morü
چێ مۆرۊ
dêʲ yê
دێٖ یێ
çê morübû
چێ مۆرۊبۉ
dêʲ bûyê
دێٖ بۉیێ
Ew/We/To/Ûn
ئەو/وە/تۆ/ئۉن
ā
ئەٙ

یەٙ
(y-)ābû
ئەٙبۉ/یەٙبۉ
mābû
مەٙبۉ
çā morü
چەٙ مۆرۊ
dêʲ yā
دێٖ یەٙ
çā morübû
چەٙ مۆرۊبۉ
dêʲ yābû
دێٖ یەٙبۉ
Em
ئەم
âm
ئاٚم
o
ئۆ
no
نۆ
bûno
بۉنۆ
mābûno
مەٙبۉنۆ
çâm morü
چاٚم مۆرۊ
dêʲ no
دێٖ نۆ
çâm morübû
چاٚم مۆرۊبۉ
dêʲ bûno
دێٖ بۉنۆ
Şomâ/Hûn
شۆماٚ/ھۉن
in
ۀن
çøn morü
چۋن مۆرۊ
çøn morübû
چۋن مۆرۊبۉ
Ûnhâ
ئۉنھاٚ
ānd
ئەٙند
çøn morü
چۋن مۆرۊ
çøn morübû
چۋن مۆرۊبۉ
Personal Pronouns to be
Present Past Past Perfect Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz
ئەٙز
bim
بۀم
bibûm
بۀبۉم
mābim
مەٙبۀم
biçûbem
بۀچۉبەم
dêʲ bim
دێٖ بۀم
biçûbûm
بۀچۉبۉم
dêʲ bûm
دێٖ بۉم

تۉ
bêyê
بێیێ
bibûyê
بۀبۉیێ
mābê
مەٙبێ
biçûbê
بۀچۉبێ
dêʲ bêyê
دێٖ بێیێ
biçûyêbû
بۀچۆیێبۉ
dêʲ bibûyê
دێٖ بۀبۉیێ
Ew/We/To/Ûn
ئەو/وە/تۆ/ئۉن

بەٙ
bibûyā
بۀبۉیەٙ
māye
مەٙیە
biçûbā
بۀچۉبەٙ
dêʲ bā
دێٖ بەٙ
biçûyābû
بۀچۉیەٙبۉ
dêʲ bibûyā
دێٖ بۀبۉیەٙ
Em
ئەم
bîn
بین
bibûn
بۀبۉن
meyîn
مەیِن
biçûbîn
بۀچۉبین
dêʲ bîn
دێٖ بین
biçûbûn
بۀچۉبۉن
dêʲ bûn
دێٖ بۉن
Şomâ/Hûn
شۆماٚ/ھۉن
bîne
بینە
bibûne
بۀبۉنە
meyîne
مەیِنە
biçûbîne
بۀچۉبینە
dêʲ bîne
دێٖ بینە
biçûbûne
بۀچۉبۉنە
dêʲ bûne
دێٖ بۉنە
Ûnhâ
ئۉنھاٚ
bîn
بین
bibûn
بۀبۉن
meyîn
مەیِن
biçûbîn
بۀچۉبین
dêʲ bîn
دێٖ بین
biçûbûn
بۀچۉبۉن
dêʲ bûn
دێٖ بۉن

Vocabulary
Vokabuĺar
ڤۆکابوڵار

Swadesh list

# English
Îňĺîzî
ئیـݩڵــــیزٮــی
Hawari
Ħāwārî
حـەٙوەٙرٮـــی
Persian
Fârsî / فـاٚرسـی
(Romanized)
Persian
Fârsî
فـاٚرسـی
Hindi-Urdu
HÛU / ھ‌ۉ‌و
(Romanized)
Hindi-Urdu
Hindî û Urdûyî
ھـۀندٮـی ئۉ ئـوردۉٮـیِ
Pashto
Pâxtōyî
پـاٚختـۆۤٮـیِ
Northern Kurdish
Kurmâncî
کـورمـاٚنجــی
Sanskrit
Sanskrītî
سانســکریــۤـــتــی
Sanskrit
Sanskrītî / سانســکریــۤــتــی
(Romanized)
Romani
Românî
رۆمــــاٚنــــی
Punjabi
Poncâbî / پۆنجـــاٚبـــی
(Gurmukhi Script and Romanized)
Ossetian
Îrâvânî
ئیـــراٚڤــاٚنـــی
Bengali
Beŋalî / بەݩْالـــــی
1I āz
man مَن maiṃ मैं
میں
زه
min
ez
अहम् aham me ਮੈਂ
main
æз আমি
2thou
to/tu تو
tum
āp
तू
तुम
आप
تو
آپ
ته
t̪ə
tu त्वम् tvam
bhavant hon.
tu ਤੂੰ
tūn
ды তুই
3we em
ما ham हम
هَم
موږ
muʐ/muŋg
em
me
वयम् vayam ame ਅਸੀਂ
asīn
махআমরা
4this īn
inاین yeh
is
यह
इस
یہ
اِس
دا
d̪ɑ
ev एतत् etat kado ਇਹ
ih
уый
5that ḑâ
ān آن voh
us
वह
उस
وه
اُس
هغه
haɣa
ew तत् tat kodo ਉਹ
uh
æй
6who
ki کی kaun कौन څوک
t͡sok
ka kon ਕੌਣ
kaun
чи
7what çi
che/chi چِه kyā क्या
کیا
څه
t͡sə
çi किम् kim so ਕੀ
цы
8not
na نَه nahīṃ नहीं
نہیں
نه
na
na
ne
na na ਨਹੀਂ
nahīn
нæ
9all ħār
hame/hama همه sab
sārā
सब
सारा
سب
سارا
ټول
ʈol
hemû
giş
tev
सर्व
निखिल
sarva
nikhila
sa ਸਭ
sabh
иууылдæр
10 manygālāk/pirr
besyār
bas
بسیار
بس
bahut
zyāda
बहुत
ज़्यादा
بہت
زياده
ډېر
ɖer
gelek
pirr
बहु bahu but ਬਹੁਤ
bahut
бирæ
11one yāk
yek/yak یک ek एक
ایک
يو
jaw
yek
êk
एक eka jekh ਇੱਕ
ikk
иу
12two do
do دو do दो
دو
دوه
d̪wa
du द्वि dvi duj ਦੋ
do
дыууæ
13big kābīrî / māznî
bozorg بُزُرگ baṛā बड़ा
بڑا
لوی
loi
gir
mezin
gewre
महन्त् mahant baro ਵੱਡਾ
vadda
дынджыр
14long bālāndî
boland بُلَند lambā लम्बा
لمبا
اوږد
uʐ d̪/ug d̪/ugəd̪
bilind दीर्घ dīrgha lungo ਲੰਬਾ
lamba
даргъ
15small piçûkî
kuchek کوچِک choṭā छोटा
چهوٹا
وړکوټی / وړوکی
waɺ̢ukay / waɺ̢koʈay
biçûk क्षुद्र kśudra cino ਛੋਟਾ
choṭa
чысыл
16woman jin
zan زَن aurat
nārī
औरत
नारी
عورت
ښځه
ʂəd͡za/xәd͡za
jin
afret
स्त्री strī ʒuvli ਜ਼ਨਾਨੀ
zanāni
сылгоймаг
17man
(adult male)
mārd
mard مَرد ādmī
mard
आदमी
मर्द
آدمی
مَرد
سړی
saɺ̢ai
mêr नर
पुरुष
nara
purush
mursh ਆਦਮੀ
ādami
лæг
18man
(human being)
însän / mirov (-øm)
nafar
fard
shakhṣ
ensān
kas
نَفَر
فَرد
شَخص
اِنسان
کَس
vyakti
manuṣya
shakhs
insān
व्यक्ति
मनुष्य
इनसान
انسان
شخص
وګړى
wagәɺ̢ai
mirov
meriv
मानव
जन
मनुः
manav
jana
manuḥ
manuś ਮਨੁੱਖ
manukh
адæймаг, also марддæг
19bird çivîk
parande پَرَندِه pakśī
ciṛiyā
parindā
पक्षी
चिड़िया
پرنده
مرغۍ / مرغه
marγa / mәrγәi
çivîk
balinde
पक्षिन्
खग
pakśin
khaga
chiriklyi ਪੰਛੀ
panchhi
цъиу
20dog qoçik
sag سَگ kuttā कुत्ता
کتا
سپی
spai
seg
kûçik
श्वन् śvan zhukel ਕੁੱਤਾ
kutta
куыдз
21louse ŝʸipîşk
shepesh شِپِش jūṃ जूँ
جوں
سپږه
spәʐa/spәga
sipî यूक yūka zhuv ਜੂੰ
jūn
сыст
22tree ḍar
derakht دِرَخت peṛ
darakht
पेड़
درخت
ونه
wəna
dar तरु
वृक्ष
taru
vṛkśa
kasht ਦਰਖਤ
darakhat
бæлас
23seed bezār
dāne
tokhm
دانِه|
تُخم
bīj बीज زڼی
zəɳy
tov
bizir
बीज
वाप
bīja
vaap
sumburo ਬੀ
bi
тауинаг
24leaf pêĺ
barg بَرگ pattī
pattā
पत्ती
पत्ता
پتى
پتا
پاڼه
pɑɳa
pêl पर्ण
पत्र
parṇa
patra
patrin ਪੱਤਾ
patta
сыф
25root râw
rishe ریشِه jaṛ जड़
جڑ
ولۍ
wələi
reh मूल
जट
mūla
jat
rikita ਜੜ
jar
уидæг
26bark ǧâşik
pust-e derakht پوستِ دِرَخت chāl छाल
چھال]
برج
barj
qaşik
qal
वल्क valka korca ਛਿੱਲ
chhill
рæйд
27skin pûć
pust پوست tvacā
camṛā
chāl
त्वचा
चमड़ा
छाल
چهال
څرمن / پوستکی
t͡sarmən / post̪əkai
çerm त्वचा
चर्मन्
tvacha
carman
morchi ਚਮੜੀ
chamri
царм
28meat gusht goč
گوشت māṃs
gosht
मांस
گوشت
غوښه
ɣwaʂa/ɣwaxa
goşt मांस māṃsa mas ਮਾਸ
mās
дзидза, also фыд
29blood xon
khun خون rakt
khūn
lahū
रक्त
ख़ून
लहू
خون
وينه
wina
xwîn रक्त
रुधिर
लोह
rakta
rudhira
loha
rat ਖੂਨ
khūn
туг
30bone hāwkāy
ostokhān اُستُخوان asthi
haḍḍi
अस्थि
हड्डी
هڈى
هډوکى
haɖukai
hestî अस्थन्
हड्ड
asthan
haDDa
kokalo ਹੱਡੀ
haddi
стæг
31fat (n.) qälįw
rowghan
charbi
رَوغَن
چَربی
vasā वसा gwari qelew पुष्ट
स्थूल
मेद
पीवर
puṣṭa
sthūla
meda
pivara
thulo ਚਰਬੀ
charbi
сой
32fire âẍir
ātesh آتِش āg
agni
आग
अग्नि
آگ
اور
or
agir अग्नि
अगिर
agni
agira
jag ਅੱਗ
agg
арт
33egg ħêg
tokhm تُخم aṇḍā अंडा
انڈا
هګۍ
hagəi
hêk अण्ड aṇḍa anro ਅੰਡਾ
anda
айк
34horn xagir
shākh شاخ sīṅg सींग ښکر
xkar/ʂkar
qiloç शृङ्ग śṛṅga shing ਸਿੰਙ
sing
сыкъа
35tail boże
dom دُم pūñch
dum
पूँछ
دم
لکۍ
lakəj
terî
boç
पुच्छ puccha pori ਪੂੰਛ
pūnchh
дымæг
36feather rāg
par پَر paṅkh
par
پنكھ
پر
पंख
पर
بڼه
baɳa
reg पिच्छ piccha por ਖੰਭ
khambh
сис or пæкъуы
37fish māʿs / buļgog
māhi ماهی machlī मछ्ली
مچهلى
کب
kab
masî मत्स्य
जलज
matsya
jalaja
masho ਮੱਛੀ
machchhi
кæсаг
38hair por
mu مو bāl
keś
बाल
केश
بال
weʂtə por
केशः
कुन्तर
keśaḥ
kuntara
bal ਵਾਲ
vāl
хъуын
39head sār
sar سَر sar सर
سر
sar sar शीर्ष
मस्तक
śīrṣa
mastaka
shero ਸਿਰ
sir
сæр
40ear goĥ
gush گوش kān
gosh
कान
کان
گوش
غوږ guh कर्ण karṇa kan ਕੰਨ
kann
хъус
41eye çâv
cheshm چِشم āṅkh आँख
آنکه
سترګه
starga
çav नेत्र netra jakh ਅੱਖ
akkh
цæст
42fingernail neynog
nākhun ناخون khūn नाखून
ناخون
nuk neynûk नख nakha vundya ਨਹੁੰ
nahun
ных
43nose pōz
damāgh
bini
دَماغ
بینی
nāk नाक
ناک
pazə poz
lût
नासा/नासिका
घ्राण
nāsā/nāsikā
ghrāṇa
nakh ਨੱਕ
nakk
фындз
44mouth dāwik
dahān دَهان mūṃh
mukh
मूँह
मुख
xwlə dev मुख mukha muj ਮੂੰਹ
mūnh
ком, дзых
45tooth dent
dandān دَندان dānt दाँत
دانت
ɣɑʂ didan
diran
दन्त danta dand ਦੰਦ
dand
дæндæг
46tongue dîl (zimân is only used for “language”)
zabān زَبان jībh
zabān
जीभ
زبان
ʒəba ziman जिह्वा jihva shib ਜੀਭ
jībh
æвзаг
47foot pây
پا pair पैर
پیر
پښه / پاپۍ
papai/px̌a
पाद pāda punro ਪੈਰ
pair
фад
48knee zânnûy
zānu زانو ghuṭnā घुटना
گهٹنا
زنګون
zangun
çok जानु
जातु
jānu
jātu
chang ਗੋਡਾ
goda
уæраг, зоныг
49hand dāć
dast دَست hāth हाथ
ہاتھ
lɑs dest हस्त
भुज
कर
hasta
bhuja
kara
vast ਹੱਥ
hatth
къух
50belly ziwik
shekam شِکم peṭ पेट ګېډه‎
خېټه
نس
zik उदर udara per ਢਿੱਡ
dhidd
гуыбын
51neck gordōw
gardan گَردَن galā
gardan
गला
गर्दन
گردن
اورمېږ gerden कण्ठ kaṇṭha korr ਗਰਦਨ
gardan
æфцæг
52breast cîcîk
pestān پِستان stan
chātī
sīnā
स्तन
छाती
सीना
غېږ pêsîr
çiçik
स्तन
कुच
वक्षस्
stana
kuca
vakśas
chuchi ਛਾਤੀ
chhāti
дзидзи
53heart dil / qalb
del
qalb
دِل
قَلب
dil दिल
دل
zɻə dil हृदय hṛdaya jilo ਦਿਲ
dil
Зæрдæ
54liver cegār
jegar جِگَر kalejā
jigar
कलेजा
جگر
اينه ceger यकृत् yakṛt buko ਜਿਗਰ
jigar
55drink şitü
nushidan نوشیدَن pīnā पीना
پینا
څښل vexwarin पा
पान
पितु

paan
pitu
pijel
pīna
нуазын
56eat boxü
khordan خَوردَن khānā खाना
کهانا
xwaɽal xwarin खाद्
भक्ष्
अद्
khaad
bhaksha
ad
xal
khāna
хæрын
57bite gāzīdü
gazidan گَزیدَن kāṭnā काटना چيچل
čičəl
geztin ग्रास
खाद्
gras
khād
dindalel
kattna
58see dêhnü
didan دیدَن dēkhnā देखना
دیکهنا
ليدل dîtin दृश्
अव-लोक्
वेण्
dṛś
ava-lok
veN
dikhel
dekhna
уынын
59hear şinîdü
shenidan شِنیدَن sunnā सुनना
سننا
اورول bihîştin श्रु śru ashunel
sunna
хъусын
60know zânü
dānestan دانِستَن jānnā जानना
جاننا
peʒandal zanîn ज्ञा
विद्
वेण्
jñā
vid
veN
zhanel
jānna
зонын
61sleep xāwtü
khābidan خوابیدَن sonā सोना
سونا
بيدېدل razan
xewtin
स्वप्
शय
निद्रा
svap
shaya
nidra
sovel
sauna
хуыссын
62die mirdü / umrü
mordan مُردَن marnā मरना
مرنا
məɽ kedal mirin मृ/म्रयति mṛ/mṛyati merel
marna
мæлын
63kill koştü / ubîçü
koshtan کشتَن mārnā मारना
مارنا
wažəl / məɽ kawal kuştin हन्/हन्ति/हननं
मारयति
han/hanti/hananaṃ
mārayati
mudarel
mārna
марын
64swim şinâyü
shenā kardan شِنا کردَن tairnā तैरना
تیرنا
لامبل ajnaberî lîstin
mele kirin
तॄ/तरण
प्लु/प्लवण
tṝ/taraṇa
plu/plavaṇa
plemel
tairna
ленк кæнын
65fly (v.) fārrü
paridan پَریدَن uṛnā उड़ना الوتل
alwətəl
firrîn पत्
उद्-डी
pat
ud-dee
ural uddna тæхын
66walk îǧü
rāh raftan راه رَفتَن calnā
ṭahalnā
चलना
टहलना
ګرځېدل çûn चल्
चर्/चरति
cal
car/carati
phirel
turna
тезгъо кæнын
67come wārü / ħâtü / âmādü
āmadan آمَدَن ānā आना
آنا
راتلل hatin आगम्
आगतः
āgam
āgataḥ
avel
auna
цæуын
68lie dirêjü / gậḑînmaļgoftü / yālânü
khābidan
derāz keshidan
خوابيدن
دراز كشيدن
leṭnā लेटना پرېوتل xwe dirêj kirin शी
शेते
śī
shete
pashlyol letna
69sit neshastan نِشَستَن baiṭhnā बैठना کښېنستل
kʂenəstəl
rûniştin
danîşîn
सद्/सीदति sad/sīdati beshel
baithna
бадын
70stand râbü
istādan
pā shodan
پا شُدَن
ایستادَن
khaṛā honā खड़ा होना درېدل rabûn
westîn
स्था sthā tordyol
kharna
лæууын
71give dâdü
dādan دادَن denā देना
دینا
ورکول dan दा del
dena
дæттын
72say goftü
goftan گُفتَن kahnā कहना
کہنا
ويل
wəyəl
gotin वद् vad phenel
kahina
зæгъын
73sun rojāk,/ şāms
khorshid
āftāb
خورشید
آفتاب
sūraj सूरज
سورج
لمر/نمر/نور
lmar/nmar/nwar
roj
xor
सूर्य sūrya kham
sūraj
хур
74moon qamar
māh ماه cānd चांद
چاند
سپوږمۍ
spoʐməi/spogməi
meh
heyv
चन्द्र candra shon
chand
мæй
75star ćêr
setāre سِتارِه tārā
sitārā
तारा
सितारा
ستورى
st̪orai
stêr तारा tārā cherhaj
tāra
стъæлы
76water âv
āb آب pānī पानी
پانی
اوبه
obə
av जल jala paji
pāni
дон
77rain bâr
bārān باران bāriś बारिश
بارش
شيګره
ʃigara
baran वर्ष/वर्षा
वृष्टि
पर्जन्य
varṣa/varṣā
vṛṣṭi
parjanya
brishind
mīnh
къавдæ, уарæн
78stone kẃr
sang سَنگ patthar पत्थर
پتهر
کاڼی
kɑɳai
kevir
ber
दृषद्
पाषाण
शिला
अश्मन्
dṛṣad
pāṣāna
śilā
aśman
barr
patthar
дур
79sand qûm
māseh ماسِه ret
bālū
maṭṭī
रेत
बालू
مٹى
شګه
ʃəga
qum
rik
वालुका vālukā kishaj
reta
80earth zāmīn / ārḍ
zamin زَمین dhartī
bhūmi
zamīn
धरती
भूमि
زَمین
ځمکه
d͡zməka
erd
xak
भू/भूमि
पृथ्वी
धरा/धरित्री/धरणी
bhū/bhūmi
pūśvī
dharā/dharitrī/dharaṇī
phuv
dharti
Зæхх
81cloud āwrżā
abr اَبر bādal बादल
بادل
اوريځ ewr मेघ
अभ्र
जलद
पयोद
megha
abhra
jalada
payoda
noro
baddal
мигъ
82smoke simok
dudدود dhuāṃ धुंआ لوګی
lugai
dûxan
dûkel
धूम dhūma thuv
dhūān
83ashes xolkestâr
khākestar خاکستَر rākh राख ايرې
ire
xwelî भस्मन् bhasman ushara
suāh
84burn aẍirü
suzāndan (tr.)
suxtan (intr.)
سوزاندَن
سوختَن
jalnā (intr.)
jalānā (tr.)
जलना
जलाना
جلنا
جلانا
سوځېدل / سېځل
swad͡zawəl / sed͡zəl
şewtî
sotîn
दह्
ज्वल्
dah
jyal
phabol
sārna
судзын
85road rûg
rāh
jāde
khiābān
راه saṛak सड़क
سڑک
لار
lɑr
पथ/पथन्
मार्ग
patha/pathan
mārga
drom
sarak
фæндаг
86mountain xoʲ
kuh کوه pahāṛ पहाड़
پہاڑ
غر
γar
çiya
sax
पर्वत
गिरि
शैल
parvata
giri
śaila
plaj
pahār
хох
87red sorî
qermez
sorkh
قِرمِز
سُرخ
lāl लाल
لال
سور
sur
sor लोहित
रक्त
रोहित
lohita
rakta
rohita
lolo
lāl
сырх
88green kāskî / sābzî
sabz سَبز harā हरा
هرا
شين
ʃin
hêşîn
kesk
हरि/हरित hari/harita zeleno
hara
цъæх, кæрдæгхуыз
89yellow zêrî
zard زَرد pīlā पीला
پیلا
زېړ / ژېړ
zeɽ / ʒeɽ
zer पीत pīta galbeno
pīla
90white sāfêdî
sefid سِفید safed सफ़ेद
سِفید
سپين
spin
spî श्वेत
पाण्डु
शुभ्र
śveta
pāṇḍu
śubhra
parno
chitta
урс
91black sîyâhî / rāşî
siāh سیاه kālā काला
کالا
تور
t̪or
reş कृष्ण
काल
श्याम
kṛṣṇa
kāla
śyāma
kalo
kāla
сау
92night şāv / gāceh
shab شَب rāt/rātri रात/रात्रि
رات
شپه
ʃpa
şev रात्रि
रजनी
निश्
नक्त
rātri
rajanī
niś
nakta
ratyi
rāt
æхсæв
93warm gārmî
garm گَرم garam गरम
گرم
تود
t̪awd̪
germ उष्ण uṣṇa tato
garam
хъарм
94cold sārdî
sard سَرد ṭhaṇḍā ठंडा
ٹهنڈا
يخ
jax
sar शीत śīta shudro
thanda
уазал
95full pirhâyî
pur پُر pūrā पूरा
پورا
پوره
pura
tijî
pirr
पूर्ण
तृप्त
pūrṇa
tṛpta
pherdo
pūra
йедзаг
96new nûyî
now
tāze
نَو
تازِه
nayā नया
نیا
نوی
nəwai
नव
नूतन
नवीन
nava
nūtana
navīna
nyevo
navān
нæуæг
97good bâşî / rindî
khub خوب acchā अच्छा
اچها
ښه
xə/ʂə
qenc
baş
rind
साधु
शुभ
सत्
भद्र
sādhu
śubha
sat
bhadra
lasho
changa
Хорз
98round gird
gerd گِرد gol गोल
گول
غونډ
ɤwəŋɖ
girover मण्डल
वर्तुल
maṇḍala
vartula
oblo
gol
тъымбыл
99dry zoxâyî / arīdî
khoshk خُشک sūkhā सूखा
سوکها
وچ
wәt͡ʃ
zuha शुष्क śuṣka shuko
sukka
100name nâv
nām
esm
نام
اِسم
nām नाम
نام
نوم
num
nav नामन्
नाम
nāman
nāma
anav
nām
ном

This page is under construction, as of February 2021.


Wanna test something

Full declension of the stem "goft"

IPA: [goˑft]

Noun: goft (saying, speech, speaking)

Verb: goftü (to speak, to say, to tell, to point out)

Adjective: goftî (spoken, said, told)

Denonym: goft[]m

Noun declension:

goft
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative
(and Genitive)
goft gofto gofta goftê goftân goftâno goftâna goftânê
Dative goftêh goftêo goftêa goftêê goftânêh goftânêo goftânêa goftânêa
Accusative goftu goftuo goftua goftuê goftânu goftânuo goftânua goftânuê

The verb:

Personal Pronouns Indicative
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz gofto goftobû ço goftü dêʲ gofto ço goftübû dêʲ goftobû
goftê goftîbû çê goftü dêʲ goftê çê goftübû dêʲ goftîbû
Ew/We/To/Ûn goftā goftābû çā goftü dêʲ goftā çā goftübû dêʲ goftābû
Em goftâm goftâbûn çâm goftü dêʲ goftâm çâm goftübûn dêʲ goftâbûn
Şomâ/Hûn goftin goftîbûn çøn goftü dêʲ goftin çøn goftübûn dêʲ goftîbûn
Ûnhâ goftānd goftābûn çøn goftü dêʲ goftānd çøn goftübûn dêʲ goftābûn
Personal Pronouns non-Indicative
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz bigofto bigoftobû biço goftü dêʲ bigoft biço goftübû dêʲ bigoftobû
bigoftê bigoftîbû biçê goftü dêʲ bigoftê biçê goftübû dêʲ bigoftîbû
Ew/We/To/Ûn bigoftā bigoftābû biçā goftü dêʲ bigoftā biçā goftübû dêʲ bigoftābû
Em bigoftâm bigoftâbûn biçâm goftü dêʲ bigoftâm biçâm goftübûn dêʲ bigoftâbûn
Şomâ/Hûn bigoftin bigoftîbûn biçøn goftü dêʲ bigoftin biçøn goftübûn dêʲ bigoftîbûn
Ûnhâ bigoftānd bigoftābûn biçøn goftü dêʲ bigoftānd biçøn goftübûn dêʲ bigoftābûn

Here the negated forms:

Personal Pronouns Indicative
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz nā gofto nā goftobû nāço goftü dêʲ nā gofto nāço goftübû dêʲ nā goftobû
nā goftê nā goftîbû nāçê goftü dêʲ nā goftê nāçê goftübû dêʲ nā goftîbû
Ew/We/To/Ûn nā goftā nā goftābû nāçā goftü dêʲ nā goftā nāçā goftübû dêʲ nā goftābû
Em nāgoftâm nā goftâbûn nāçâm goftü dêʲ nā goftâm nāçâm goftübûn dêʲ nā goftâbûn
Şomâ/Hûn nā goftin nā goftîbûn nāçøn goftü dêʲ nā goftin nāçøn goftübûn dêʲ nā goftîbûn
Unhâ nā goftānd nā goftābûn nāçøn goftü dêʲ nā goftānd nāçøn goftübûn dêʲ nā goftābûn
Personal Pronouns non-Indicative
Present Past Future Future Perfect
Standard Simplified Standard Simplified
Āz binā gofto binā goftobû bināço goftü dêʲ binā gofto bināço goftübû dêʲ binā goftobû
binā goftê binā goftîbû bināçê goftü dêʲ binā goftê bināçê goftübû dêʲ binā goftîbû
Ew/We/To/Ûn binā goftā binā goftābû bināçā goftü dêʲ binā goftā bināçā goftübû dêʲ binā goftābû
Em binā goftâm binā goftâbûn bināçâm goftü dêʲ binā goftâm bināçâm goftübûn dêʲ binā goftâbûn
Şomâ/Hûn binā goftin binā goftîbûn bināçøn goftü dêʲ binā goftin bināçøn goftübûn dêʲ binā goftîbûn
Unhâ binā goftānd binā goftābûn bināçøn goftü dêʲ binā goftānd bināçøn goftübûn dêʲ binā goftābûn

Imperative: Bi goftê, Bi goftin, Bi nā goftê, Bi nā goftin Gerund: gofti / nā gofti

Gerund Participe: goftibû / nā goftibû

Adjective forms: goftî, goftî tir, goftî tirîn / nā goftî, nā goftî tir, nā goftî tirîn

Denonym forms: goftum (male), goftêm (female), goftøm (neuter), / (nā ")