Zanahi: Difference between revisions
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<!--There are three numbers: singular, dual, and plural. However, the dual is most often used for nouns that usually come in pairs; in other cases, it can optionally be replaced with the plural.--> | <!--There are three numbers: singular, dual, and plural. However, the dual is most often used for nouns that usually come in pairs; in other cases, it can optionally be replaced with the plural.--> | ||
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender. | Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender and definiteness. | ||
The definite article is ''ha-'', which is prefixed to the noun/adjective causes the first consonant to geminate if it is not pharngeal or glottal. There is no indefinite article. | |||
Below is an example declension for the adjective ''bān'' "clear": | Below is an example declension for the adjective ''bān'' "clear": | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Declension of ''bān'' "clear" | |+ Declension of ''bān'' "clear" | ||
! Gender !! Singular !! Plural | ! rowspan="2"| Gender !! colspan="2"| Singular !! colspan="2"|Plural | ||
|- | |||
! indef. !! def. !! indef. !! def. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Masculine | ! Masculine | ||
| bān || bānīn | | bān || hab-bān || bānīn || hab-bānīn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Feminine | ! Feminine | ||
| bānā || bānān | | bānā || hab-bānā || bānān || hab-bānān | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 08:41, 23 November 2022
Zanahi (native: zanāhī, haṭ-ṭaṣwā haz-zanāhiyyā) is an Indo-European language with a high degree of Semitic influence.
| Zanahi | |
|---|---|
| zanāhī | |
| Pronunciation | [zænæːhiː] |
| Created by | Shariifka |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | Proto-Zanahi
|
Introduction
Zanahi is a satem language.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Denti-alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | emphatic | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | tˤ | k | q | ʔ | |||
| voiced | b | d̪ | ɡ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | θ | s | sˤ | ʃ | x ~ χ | ħ | h | |
| voiced | v | ð | z | ɣ ~ ʁ | ʕ | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||||||
Vowels
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | /i/ | /u/ | /iː/ | /uː/ |
| Mid | /eː/ | /oː/ | ||
| Open | /a/ | /aː/ | ||
| Diphthongs | /aw/, /aj/ | |||
Orthography
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Lenition
Non-emphatic plosives undergo lenition to fricatives (analogous to "begadkefat" in Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew) in certain environments.
| Un-lenited | Lenited |
|---|---|
| /b/ | /v/ |
| /ɡ/ | /ɣ ~ ʁ/ |
| /d/ | /ð/ |
| /k/ | /x ~ χ/ |
| /p/ | /f/ |
| /t/ | /θ/ |
Morphology
Like Arabic, Zanahi words are traditionally classified in three categories: nominals, verbs, and particles.
Nominals
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
| Person/ Number |
Independent | Dependent |
|---|---|---|
| 1S | ammā | -mā |
| 2SM | antā | -tā/-þā |
| 2SF | antī | -tī/þī |
| 3SM | hattā | -hā |
| 3SF | hattī | -hī |
| 1P | annā | -nā |
| 2PM | antān | -tān/þān |
| 2PF | antīn | -tīn/þīn |
| 3PM | hattān | -hān |
| 3PF | hattīn | -hīn |
Nouns and adjectives
Nouns do not decline for case.
There are two genders: masculine and feminine.The feminine is most often marked with the ending -ā.
There are two numbers: singular and plural.
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender and definiteness.
The definite article is ha-, which is prefixed to the noun/adjective causes the first consonant to geminate if it is not pharngeal or glottal. There is no indefinite article.
Below is an example declension for the adjective bān "clear":
| Gender | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | indef. | def. | |
| Masculine | bān | hab-bān | bānīn | hab-bānīn |
| Feminine | bānā | hab-bānā | bānān | hab-bānān |