Fruwi: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (rmv notoc)
(vowels, intonation fixed, consonants all standards added, phonotactics, orthography, morphophonotactics...)
Line 54: Line 54:
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes, and diaphonemes
|-
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
Line 105: Line 105:
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban)
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai (Ban) Phonemes
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal                  || m      || n̪      ||        || (ɲ)    || ŋ      ||
|-
| Lenis Stop            || p      || t      ||        || (c)    || k      || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop            || pʰ    || tʰ      ||        || (cʰ)  || kʰ    || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative        || ɸ      || θ      || ʂ      ||        || x      || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative      || β      || ð      || ʐ      ||        || ɣ      || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || t̆s      ||        ||        ||        ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || d̆z      ||        ||        ||        ||
|-
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||        ||        ||
|-
| Approximant            || ʷ      ||        || (ɻ)    || j      || w      ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant    ||        || l      ||        || (ʎ)    || (ʟ)    ||
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop    || b      || d      ||        || (ɟ)    || g      ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop    || bʰ    || dʰ      ||        || (ɟʰ)  || gʰ    ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /V<sub>high</sub>, Approximant/→[V<sub>high</sub>ʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
 
Changes:
* s > θ, z > ð
* t̆ʃ > ʂ, d̆ʒ > ʐ
* χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
* V<sub>voiceless</sub> > V<sub>voiced</sub>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban) Phonemes
|-
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
Line 160: Line 217:
* t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
* t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
* χ  > x , ʁ  > x
* χ  > x , ʁ  > x
* χ  > ɣ , ʁ  > ɣ (Tun)
* V<sub>voiceless</sub> > V<sub>voiced</sub>
* V<sub>voiceless</sub> > V<sub>voiced</sub>
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="6" | Standard Fruwi
! colspan="6" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes and Diaphonemes
|-
|-
| Placement || Front || Center || Back
| Placement || Front || Center || Back
Line 182: Line 240:
Dialects:  
Dialects:  
* Standard; //ə, e, o//→/ə, e̞, o̞/
* Standard; //ə, e, o//→/ə, e̞, o̞/
* Sontrai;             /œ, e, o̞/(Ban)
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/œ, e, o̞/(Ban)
* Sontrai;             /ɨ, e̞, o̞/(Tun)
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/ɨ, e̞, o̞/(Tun)
* Haishi;               /ɑ, e̞, o̞/(Ban)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ɑ, e̞, o̞/(Ban)
* Haishi;               /ʌ, e̞, o/(Tun)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ʌ, e̞, o/(Tun)
===Stress and intonation===
===Stress and intonation===
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.


The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
* Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/
* Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
syllable structure is: (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C)
a more specific version is:  (CA)V(V)(RC) & GV(V)
 
A = //w, r, l, j// approximant
R = //r, l//
G = /ʡ, ħ/ radical
C = non-radical, non-approximant Consonants
V = Vowels
//ɸjailm// is CAVVRC, //ħai// is GVV
 
if the pronounciation is ambigious : then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant
* /tamlat/:- /tam.lat/ -or /ta.mlat/:- /mam.lat/ is correct
* /talmat/:- /tal.mat/ -or /talm.at/:- /mal.mat/ is correct
* /talmlat/: /tal.mlat/ or /talm.lat/: /talm.lat/ is correct
<br>
ambigious pronounciation is not ambisyllabic. ambisyllabicity is possibly only when you have one consonant only between vowels<br>
Syllables starting with glottal consonants may not have codas; ambisyllabic codas (C) are allowed
* banned*:            /ħal/ /ħalm/ /ħal.mat/ /ħam/ /ħalm.lat/
* impossible anyways*: /ħaml/ /ħalml/
* ambisyllabic:      /ħalat/ /ħamat/
* separate syllable:  /ħa.mlat/
 
ae, ao, ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou are the only possible diphthongs<br>


==Morphophonology==
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonotactics===
Final syllable's onset may only be glottal in uncountable nouns (only I class nouns can be uncountable), this is because uncountable nouns cannot have final codas
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
to-do: copy from Fandom
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Nasal                  || m      || n      ||        ||        || ñ
|-
| Lenis Stop            || b      || d      ||        ||        || g
|-
| Fortis Stop            || p      || t      ||        ||        || k
|-
| Lenis Fricative        || f      || s      ||        ||        || x
|-
| Fortis Fricative      || v      || z      ||        ||        || q
|-
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || c      || ch    ||        ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || j      || jh    ||        ||
|-
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||        ||
|-
| Approximant            ||        ||        ||        || y      || w
|-
| Lateral Approximant    ||        || l      ||        ||        ||
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Special Lenis Stop    || ʮb    || ʮd      ||        ||        || ʮg
|-
| Special Fortis Stop    || ʮp    || ʮt      ||        ||        || ʮk
|}
<Ii>//i//,<Īī>//.i//,<Íí>//.ʡi//,<Ìì>//.ħi//<br>
<Uu>//u//,<Ūū>//.u//,<Úú>//.ʡu//,<Ùù>//.ħu//<br>
<Ee>//e//,<Ēē>//.e//,<Éé>//.ʡe//,<Èè>//.ħe//<br>
<Oo>//o//,<Ōō>//.o//,<Óó>//.ʡo//,<Òò>//.ħo//<br>
<Aa>//a//,<Āā>//.a//,<Áá>//.ʡa//,<Àà>//.ħa//<br>
<Ʌʌ>//ə//,<Ʌ̄ʌ̄>//.ə//,<Ʌ́ʌ́>//.ʡə//,<Ʌ̀ʌ̀>//.ħə//<br>
Vowels with macrons only written after other vowels: alenta and *alēnta are the same
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->

Revision as of 02:21, 12 October 2023

Fruwi
oñ Fruwi
Pronunciation[õɴ.ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ.wʷiʷ]
Created byWebcloud
Date2022
Fruwi baro
  • Fruwi Ban baro
    • Fruwi
Early forms
Proto-Fruwi
  • Fruwi Ban
Standard forms
Standard Fruwi
Standard Sontrai (Ban)
Standard Haishi (Ban)
Dialects
  • Sontrai Ban
  • Sontrai Tun
  • Haishi Ban
  • Haishi Tun
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Introduction

oñ Fruwi is a language designed for no species in particular. In-universe, though, it is spoken mostly by humans and a species of tall, twelve-fingered humanoids. The Haishi dialects are mostly spoken by humans, while the Sontrai dialects are mostly spoken by the humanoids. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence.

Creation

Webcloud created a Pre-oñ Fruwi, called ol fruwi (sic); which has now become Fruwi Ban, in mid 2022 (if they have their dates correct). an early version of, oñ Fruwi Standard was published to Conlang Fandom Early 2023.

Type

It is supposed to be a sort of engineered conlang, though Webcloud, late, realized that they need a universe if they want words for times and dates.

It is a A priori conlang, though many nouns and verbs are just changed versions of real words in languages; they are not borrowed words in-universe unless specified.

Etymology

The name of the language oñ Fruwi, comes from Fruwi Ban: ol fruwi meaning a language, though a different word has taken on the meaning of language in the modern language. The word fruwi came from Proto-Fruwi (baro): *ühduɣʷi, probably meaning tongue.

Phonology

Consonants

Standard Fruwi Phonemes, and diaphonemes
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Nasal m n (ɲ) ŋ
Lenis Stop p t (c) k ʡ
Fortis Stop pʰ tʰ (cʰ) kʰ ʡ
Lenis Fricative ɸ s χ ħ
Fortis Fricative β z ʁ ħ
Lenis Affricate t̆s t̆ʃ
Fortis Affricate d̆z d̆ʒ
Trill r
Approximant ʷ (ɹ̠ʲ) j w
Lateral Approximant l (ʎ) (ʟ)
Standard Fruwi Transcribers
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Special Lenis Stop b d (ɟ) g
Special Fortis Stop bʰ dʰ (ɟʰ) gʰ

Notes:

  • /ŋ, k, kʰ/→[ɲ, c, cʰ] before /i, e/
  • /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/
  • /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
    • /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
  • /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
    • /oŋ/→[õɴ]
  • /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
    • /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
  • Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
    • /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]

Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!

Standard Sontrai (Ban) Phonemes
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Nasal m n̪ (ɲ) ŋ
Lenis Stop p t (c) k ʡ
Fortis Stop pʰ tʰ (cʰ) kʰ ʡ
Lenis Fricative ɸ θ ʂ x ħ
Fortis Fricative β ð ʐ ɣ ħ
Lenis Affricate t̆s
Fortis Affricate d̆z
Trill r
Approximant ʷ (ɻ) j w
Lateral Approximant l (ʎ) (ʟ)
Standard Sontrai Transcribers
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Special Lenis Stop b d (ɟ) g
Special Fortis Stop bʰ dʰ (ɟʰ) gʰ

Notes:

  • /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
  • /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
  • /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
    • /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
  • /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
    • /oŋ/→[õɴ]
  • /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
    • /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
  • Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
    • /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]

Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!

Changes:

  • s > θ, z > ð
  • t̆ʃ > ʂ, d̆ʒ > ʐ
  • χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
  • Vvoiceless > Vvoiced
Standard Haishi (Ban) Phonemes
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Nasal m n (ɲ) ŋ
Lenis Stop b d (ɟ) g ʡ
Fortis Stop pʰ tʰ (cʰ) kʰ ʡ
Lenis Fricative f s ʃ x ħ
Fortis Fricative v z ʒ ħ
Lenis Affricate t̆ʃ
Fortis Affricate d̆ʒ
Approximant ʷ ɹ (ɹ̠ʲ) j w
Lateral Approximant l (ʎ) (ɫ)
Standard Haishi (Ban) Transcribers
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Special Lenis Stop p t (c) k
Special Fortis Stop bʰ dʰ (ɟʰ) gʰ

Notes:

  • /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
  • /ɹ/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ, ʃ, ʒ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
  • /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
    • /oŋ/→[õŋ], /oɹŋ/→[õɹŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
  • /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
    • /oŋ/→[õɴ]
  • /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/
    • /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi]
  • /C, V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
    • /fɹu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ], but: /fɹuwi/→[fɹᵛuᵛwi]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ]
  • Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
    • /sɹ/→[sɹ̊], /zɹ/→[zɹ̬], /fɹu/→[fɹ̊ᵛůᵛ]

Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!

Changes:

  • ɸ > f , β > v
  • t̆ʃ > ʃ , d̆ʒ > ʒ
  • t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
  • χ > x , ʁ > x
  • χ > ɣ , ʁ > ɣ (Tun)
  • Vvoiceless > Vvoiced

Vowels

Standard Fruwi Phonemes and Diaphonemes
Placement Front Center Back
High i u
Mid e ə o
Low a

Notes:

  • /V/→[Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
    • /ɸu/→[ɸuᵝ], /bu/→[buᵝ]
  • /V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
    • /fu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ], /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ],

Dialects:

  • Standard; //ə, e, o//→/ə, e̞, o̞/
  • Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/œ, e, o̞/(Ban)
  • Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/ɨ, e̞, o̞/(Tun)
  • Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ɑ, e̞, o̞/(Ban)
  • Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ʌ, e̞, o/(Tun)

Stress and intonation

All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian. Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.

  • The word for what, <>, has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
  • Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
  • The words for yes and no, <>, both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
  • Though, the final "or not", <>, found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/

Phonotactics

syllable structure is: (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C) a more specific version is: (CA)V(V)(RC) & GV(V)

A = //w, r, l, j// approximant R = //r, l// G = /ʡ, ħ/ radical C = non-radical, non-approximant Consonants V = Vowels //ɸjailm// is CAVVRC, //ħai// is GVV

if the pronounciation is ambigious : then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant

  • /tamlat/:- /tam.lat/ -or /ta.mlat/:- /mam.lat/ is correct
  • /talmat/:- /tal.mat/ -or /talm.at/:- /mal.mat/ is correct
  • /talmlat/: /tal.mlat/ or /talm.lat/: /talm.lat/ is correct


ambigious pronounciation is not ambisyllabic. ambisyllabicity is possibly only when you have one consonant only between vowels
Syllables starting with glottal consonants may not have codas; ambisyllabic codas (C) are allowed

  • banned*: /ħal/ /ħalm/ /ħal.mat/ /ħam/ /ħalm.lat/
  • impossible anyways*: /ħaml/ /ħalml/
  • ambisyllabic: /ħalat/ /ħamat/
  • separate syllable: /ħa.mlat/

ae, ao, ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou are the only possible diphthongs

Morphophonology

Morphophonotactics

Final syllable's onset may only be glottal in uncountable nouns (only I class nouns can be uncountable), this is because uncountable nouns cannot have final codas

Orthography

Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal
Nasal m n ñ
Lenis Stop b d g
Fortis Stop p t k
Lenis Fricative f s x
Fortis Fricative v z q
Lenis Affricate c ch
Fortis Affricate j jh
Trill r
Approximant y w
Lateral Approximant l
Standard Fruwi Transcribers
Manner ->
Place v		 Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal
Special Lenis Stop ʮb ʮd ʮg
Special Fortis Stop ʮp ʮt ʮk

<Ii>//i//,<Īī>//.i//,<Íí>//.ʡi//,<Ìì>//.ħi//
<Uu>//u//,<Ūū>//.u//,<Úú>//.ʡu//,<Ùù>//.ħu//
<Ee>//e//,<Ēē>//.e//,<Éé>//.ʡe//,<Èè>//.ħe//
<Oo>//o//,<Ōō>//.o//,<Óó>//.ʡo//,<Òò>//.ħo//
<Aa>//a//,<Āā>//.a//,<Áá>//.ʡa//,<Àà>//.ħa//
<Ʌʌ>//ə//,<Ʌ̄ʌ̄>//.ə//,<Ʌ́ʌ́>//.ʡə//,<Ʌ̀ʌ̀>//.ħə//
Vowels with macrons only written after other vowels: alenta and *alēnta are the same

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Phrasal Stress

Example texts

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Fruwi&oldid=327564"