Sohcahtoan: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
'''Sohcahtoan'''(外事語, ''sō-kato-gū'' pronounced [soːkatogɯː]) is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonic_languages Japonic] conlang spoken on the fictional island of Sohcahtoa. Its phonology, lexical base and grammar are all firmly Japonic, although more recently loanwords from other languages such as Portuguese(ッアスカ,'' 'asuka''([ˈʔasɯka]) from Portuguese ''açucar'', meaning "sugar") and modern Japanese(共和国, ''kū-a-gugeō''([ˈkɯːagɯgeoː]) from Japanese 共和国, ''kyōwakoku'', meaning "republic").
| name = Sohcahtoan
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
| nativename = 外事語
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
| pronunciation = ˈsoːkatogɯː
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Sohcahtoan
 
| state = Sohcahtoa
Vowel inventory
| created = 2022
Consonant inventory
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
Syllable structure
| familycolor = Altaic
Stress
| speakers = 26 million
Intonation
| date = 2023
 
| fam2 = [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]]
-->
| fam3 = ''part.'' Ryukyuan
==Phonology==
| fam4 = Sohcahtoic
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
| stand1 = Standard dialect(標準方言)
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
| dia1 = Yū-mage dialect(王町方言)
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
| dia2 = Tugu dialect(蛸方言)
 
| dia3 = Pakū dialect(拍方言)
Vowel inventory
| dia4 = Nānpa-semā dialect(長島方言)
Consonant inventory
| ancestor = [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]]
Syllable structure
| script1 = Jpan
Stress
| script2 = Latn
Intonation
| agency = Sohcahtoan Ministry of Linguistic Regulation
| nation = Republic of Sohcahtoa
| minority = Japan
| notice = IPA
}}
'''Sohcahtoan'''(外事語, ''sō-kato-gū'' <small>Sohcahtoan:</small> [[IPA for Sohcahtoan|[ˈsoːkatogɯː]]]) is a [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] conlang spoken on the fictional island of Sohcahtoa. Its phonology, lexical base and grammar are all firmly Japonic, although more recently loanwords from other languages such as Portuguese(ッアスカ,'' 'asuka''([ˈʔasɯka]) from Portuguese ''açúcar'', meaning "sugar") and modern Japanese(共和国, ''kū-a-gugeō''([ˈkɯːagɯgeoː]) from Japanese 共和国, ''kyōwakoku'', meaning "republic").
===Orthography===
Modern Sohcahtoan uses all three scripts used in the Japanese language today: [[w:Hiragana|Hiragana]], [[w:Katakana|Katakana]] and [[w:Kanji|Kanji]], and each script more of less retain their original purpose as in Japanese. However, some hiragana are pronounced differently than in Japanese, most notably ⟨を⟩ being pronounced [(w)o] in Japanese and [oː] in Sohcahtoan, and ⟨は⟩ being pronounced [ha] or [wa] in Japanese and [aː] in Sohcahtoan.


-->
Additionally, while Japanese kanji have two ways to read a kanji(''onyomi'' and ''kunyomi''), Sohcahtoan kanji have only one way to read a kanji, usually corresponding to its Japanese ''onyomi''.
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]/<br>[[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]/<br>[[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
! [[w:stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
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| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
Line 64: Line 75:
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
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| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
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| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|ɾ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
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|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] ||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
|}
|}
All vowels in Sohcahtoan(except [i]) have elongated versions, those being ''ō''([oː]), ''ā''([aː]), ''ē''([eː]) and ''ū''([ɯː]).
All vowels in Sohcahtoan(except [i]) have elongated versions, those being ''ō''([oː]), ''ā''([aː]), ''ē''([eː]) and ''ū''([ɯː]).
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===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
====Intonation====
Sohcahtoan is a [[w:Stress (linguistics)|prototonic]] language, meaning that linguistic stress is placed on the first syllable of a word. This feature is from [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]].


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
Syllables in Sohcahtoan follow the form of '''(C)V''' as in Japanese. This contrasts with the [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]] pattern of '''(C)V(C)'''.
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Most words in Sohcahtoan originate in [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]](see [[Ancient Sohcahtoan#Examples|here]] for examples), which itself descends from Proto-Japonic. More recent words, such as "coffee", "sugar" and "computer" are loanwords from Portuguese.
 
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
 
Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology
 
-->


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Ancient Sohcahtoan and modern [[Sohcahtoan]] both have very similar grammar to [[w:Japanese language|Japanese]].
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Ancient Sohcahtoan uses an '''S-O-V'''(subject-object-verb) format as in Japanese, however when asking a question the language uses a '''V-O-S'''(verb-object-subject) structure, e.g. ''ānu ā bōru ka adosata''(犬はボールかあどさた, The dog has a ball) and ''Adosata ka bōru ānu?''(あどさたかボール犬?, does the dog have a ball?)
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
: ''ānu''(犬)
: dog-<small>NOM</small>
 
Sohcahtoan, like Japanese, doesn't have a word for "the", unless you are also specifying the '''location''' of something, e.g. if you wanted to say "the dog", it would be simply "ānu"(犬literally "dog"), but if you wanted to say "this dog" or "that cat" it would be "げん犬"(gen inu) or "がん猫"(gan nero) respectively.
 
===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
: ''ēshi ā kosa ō chigarā''(牛は草を食らー)
<!-- etc. etc. -->
: cow <small>TOP</small> grass <small>OBJ</small> eat
In this sentence, ''[[Contionary:ēshi|ēshi]]''(牛 cow, oxen) is the subject, ''[[Contionary:kosa|kosa]]''(草 grass) is the object and ''[[Contionary:chigarā|chigarā]]''(食らー to eat, to consume) is the verb.


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
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[[Category:Sohcahtoan]]
[[Category:Sohcahtoan]]
[[Category:Altaic languages]]
[[Category:Japonic languages]]
[[Category:Sohcahtoic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 23:53, 3 November 2023

Sohcahtoan
外事語
Pronunciation[ˈsoːkatogɯː]
Created byJukethatbox
Date2022
Native toSohcahtoa
Native speakers26 million (2023)
Altaic
  • Japonic
    • part. Ryukyuan
      • Sohcahtoic
        • Sohcahtoan
Early form
Standard form
Standard dialect(標準方言)
Dialects
  • Yū-mage dialect(王町方言)
  • Tugu dialect(蛸方言)
  • Pakū dialect(拍方言)
  • Nānpa-semā dialect(長島方言)
Official status
Official language in
Republic of Sohcahtoa
Recognised minority
language in
Japan
Regulated bySohcahtoan Ministry of Linguistic Regulation
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Sohcahtoan(外事語, sō-kato-gū Sohcahtoan: [ˈsoːkatogɯː]) is a Japonic conlang spoken on the fictional island of Sohcahtoa. Its phonology, lexical base and grammar are all firmly Japonic, although more recently loanwords from other languages such as Portuguese(ッアスカ, 'asuka([ˈʔasɯka]) from Portuguese açúcar, meaning "sugar") and modern Japanese(共和国, kū-a-gugeō([ˈkɯːagɯgeoː]) from Japanese 共和国, kyōwakoku, meaning "republic").

Orthography

Modern Sohcahtoan uses all three scripts used in the Japanese language today: Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji, and each script more of less retain their original purpose as in Japanese. However, some hiragana are pronounced differently than in Japanese, most notably ⟨を⟩ being pronounced [(w)o] in Japanese and [oː] in Sohcahtoan, and ⟨は⟩ being pronounced [ha] or [wa] in Japanese and [aː] in Sohcahtoan.

Additionally, while Japanese kanji have two ways to read a kanji(onyomi and kunyomi), Sohcahtoan kanji have only one way to read a kanji, usually corresponding to its Japanese onyomi.

Consonants

Labial Dental/
alveolar
Post-
alveolar
/
palatal
Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive p b t d  k ɡ ʔ
Affricate t͡s
Fricative s z ʃ
Approximant j
Lateral l
Flap ɾ

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i ɯ
Close-mid e o
Open a

All vowels in Sohcahtoan(except [i]) have elongated versions, those being ō([oː]), ā([aː]), ē([eː]) and ū([ɯː]).

Prosody

Stress

Sohcahtoan is a prototonic language, meaning that linguistic stress is placed on the first syllable of a word. This feature is from Ancient Sohcahtoan.

Phonotactics

Syllables in Sohcahtoan follow the form of (C)V as in Japanese. This contrasts with the Ancient Sohcahtoan pattern of (C)V(C).

Morphology

Most words in Sohcahtoan originate in Ancient Sohcahtoan(see here for examples), which itself descends from Proto-Japonic. More recent words, such as "coffee", "sugar" and "computer" are loanwords from Portuguese.

Syntax

Ancient Sohcahtoan and modern Sohcahtoan both have very similar grammar to Japanese.

Constituent order

Ancient Sohcahtoan uses an S-O-V(subject-object-verb) format as in Japanese, however when asking a question the language uses a V-O-S(verb-object-subject) structure, e.g. ānu ā bōru ka adosata(犬はボールかあどさた, The dog has a ball) and Adosata ka bōru ānu?(あどさたかボール犬?, does the dog have a ball?)

Noun phrase

ānu(犬)
dog-NOM

Sohcahtoan, like Japanese, doesn't have a word for "the", unless you are also specifying the location of something, e.g. if you wanted to say "the dog", it would be simply "ānu"(犬literally "dog"), but if you wanted to say "this dog" or "that cat" it would be "げん犬"(gen inu) or "がん猫"(gan nero) respectively.

Sentence phrase

ēshi ā kosa ō chigarā(牛は草を食らー)
cow TOP grass OBJ eat

In this sentence, ēshi(牛 cow, oxen) is the subject, kosa(草 grass) is the object and chigarā(食らー to eat, to consume) is the verb.

Example texts

Other resources