Puhval: Difference between revisions

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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
[[File:Puhval Consonant Cluster 2.1.png|750x750px|frameless]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E0B4;"
 
|- style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;"
! colspan="17" | Consonant Clusters
|- style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;"
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |
| colspan="7" | Stops/Affricates
| colspan="5" | Fricatives
| Nasals
| colspan="2" | Liquids
|- style="background-color:#E391D3;"
| style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left;" |
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | d̠ʒ
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | tsʼ
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | k
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | p
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | d
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | kʼ
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | tʼ
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | v
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | f
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | ʐ
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | z
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | ʃ
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | m
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | ɹ
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | l
|- style="background-color:#FC6F65;"
| rowspan="7" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Stops/Affricates
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | d̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒp
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒd
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒf
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒ ʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒl
|- style="background-color:#FC6F65;"
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | tsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼf
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼ ʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | k
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | k d̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ktsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kd
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ktʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kf
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kz
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | k ʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | km
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | p
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ptsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pp
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | pd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ptʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pv
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | pf
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | d
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | df
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | kʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼf
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼz
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | tʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼk
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼp
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼf
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼz
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼl
|-
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Fricatives
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | v
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vp
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | vd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vf
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | vʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | f
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | fd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ftsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fp
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | fd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ftʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ff
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | fʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | ʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐk
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐf
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐm
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | z
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ztsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ztʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zf
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zz
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | zʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | ʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃk
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃd
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃf
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃz
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃl
|-
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Nasals
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | m
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | md̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mk
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | mp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | md
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mf
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | mʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ml
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Liquids
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | ɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ɹd̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹtsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹk
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ɹp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹd
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹtʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹf
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹz
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ɹʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹm
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹl
|-
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | l
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ld̠ʒ
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ltsʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lk
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | lp
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ld
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lkʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ltʼ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lv
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lf
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | lʐ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lz
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lʃ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lm
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | lɹ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ll
|}
Green is permitted consonant clusters, red is non-permitted clusters
Green is permitted consonant clusters, red is non-permitted clusters



Revision as of 17:40, 3 March 2024


Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

p,v,m,d,ɹ,ʈʼ,z,k ,l,ʐ,kʼ,f,tsʼ,ʃ,dʒ,cʼ

Vowels

ɛ,ʌ,ɵ,ø̞,ɪ,i,e,ʉ,y,ɑɪ

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Consonant Clusters
Stops/Affricates Fricatives Nasals Liquids
d̠ʒ tsʼ k p d v f ʐ z ʃ m ɹ l
Stops/Affricates d̠ʒ d̠ʒd̠ʒ d̠ʒtsʼ d̠ʒk d̠ʒp d̠ʒd d̠ʒkʼ d̠ʒtʼ d̠ʒv d̠ʒf d̠ʒʐ d̠ʒz d̠ʒ ʃ d̠ʒm d̠ʒɹ d̠ʒl
tsʼ tsʼd̠ʒ tsʼtsʼ tsʼk tsʼp tsʼd tsʼkʼ tsʼtʼ tsʼv tsʼf tsʼʐ tsʼz tsʼ ʃ tsʼm tsʼɹ tsʼl
k k d̠ʒ ktsʼ kk kp kd kkʼ ktʼ kv kf kz k ʃ km kl
p pd̠ʒ ptsʼ pk pp pd pkʼ ptʼ pv pf pz pm pl
d dd̠ʒ dtsʼ dk dp dd dkʼ dtʼ dv df dz dm dl
kʼd̠ʒ kʼtsʼ kʼk kʼp kʼd kʼkʼ kʼtʼ kʼv kʼf kʼʐ kʼz kʼʃ kʼm kʼɹ kʼl
tʼd̠ʒ tʼtsʼ tʼk tʼp tʼd tʼkʼ tʼtʼ tʼv tʼf tʼʐ tʼz tʼʃ tʼm tʼɹ tʼl
Fricatives v vd̠ʒ vtsʼ vk vp vd vkʼ vtʼ vv vf vz vm vl
f fd̠ʒ ftsʼ fk fp fd fkʼ ftʼ fv ff fz fm fl
ʐ ʐd̠ʒ ʐtsʼ ʐk ʐp ʐd ʐkʼ ʐtʼ ʐv ʐf ʐʐ ʐz ʐʃ ʐm ʐɹ ʐl
z zd̠ʒ ztsʼ zk zp zd zkʼ ztʼ zv zf zz zm zl
ʃ ʃd̠ʒ ʃtsʼ ʃk ʃp ʃd ʃkʼ ʃtʼ ʃv ʃf ʃʐ ʃz ʃʃ ʃm ʃɹ ʃl
Nasals m md̠ʒ mtsʼ mk mp md mkʼ mtʼ mv mf mz mm ml
Liquids ɹ ɹd̠ʒ ɹtsʼ ɹk ɹp ɹd ɹkʼ ɹtʼ ɹv ɹf ɹʐ ɹz ɹʃ ɹm ɹɹ ɹl
l ld̠ʒ ltsʼ lk lp ld lkʼ ltʼ lv lf lz lm ll

Green is permitted consonant clusters, red is non-permitted clusters


Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Subject Object Verb

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources