Puhval: Difference between revisions
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | |||
|- style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | |||
! colspan="17" | Consonant Clusters | |||
|- style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | | |||
| colspan="7" | Stops/Affricates | |||
| colspan="5" | Fricatives | |||
| Nasals | |||
| colspan="2" | Liquids | |||
|- style="background-color:#E391D3;" | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left;" | | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left;" | | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | d̠ʒ | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | tsʼ | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | k | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | p | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | d | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | kʼ | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | tʼ | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | v | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | f | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | ʐ | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | z | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | ʃ | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | m | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | ɹ | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; color:#0563C1;" | l | |||
|- style="background-color:#FC6F65;" | |||
| rowspan="7" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Stops/Affricates | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | d̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒ ʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | d̠ʒɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#C6E0B4;" | d̠ʒl | |||
|- style="background-color:#FC6F65;" | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | tsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼ ʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tsʼl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | k | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | k d̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ktsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ktʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | k ʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | km | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | p | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ptsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | pd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ptʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | pf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | pl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | d | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | df | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | dl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | kʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | kʼɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | kʼl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | tʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | tʼʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | tʼl | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Fricatives | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | v | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | vd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | vʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | vl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | f | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | fd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ftsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | fd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ftʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ff | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | fʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | fl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | ʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʐɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʐl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | z | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ztsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ztʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | zʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | zl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | ʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ʃʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ʃl | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Nasals | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | m | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | md̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | mp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | md | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | mʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | mɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ml | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Liquids | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | ɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ɹd̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹtsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ɹp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹd | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹtʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ɹʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ɹl | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-decoration:underline; background-color:#E391D3; color:#0563C1;" | l | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ld̠ʒ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | ltsʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lk | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | lp | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ld | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lkʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ltʼ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lv | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lf | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | lʐ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lz | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lʃ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | lm | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FC6F65;" | lɹ | |||
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" | ll | |||
|} | |||
Green is permitted consonant clusters, red is non-permitted clusters | Green is permitted consonant clusters, red is non-permitted clusters | ||
Revision as of 17:40, 3 March 2024
This article or section is under construction. |
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
p,v,m,d,ɹ,ʈʼ,z,k ,l,ʐ,kʼ,f,tsʼ,ʃ,dʒ,cʼ
Vowels
ɛ,ʌ,ɵ,ø̞,ɪ,i,e,ʉ,y,ɑɪ
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Consonant Clusters | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops/Affricates | Fricatives | Nasals | Liquids | |||||||||||||
d̠ʒ | tsʼ | k | p | d | kʼ | tʼ | v | f | ʐ | z | ʃ | m | ɹ | l | ||
Stops/Affricates | d̠ʒ | d̠ʒd̠ʒ | d̠ʒtsʼ | d̠ʒk | d̠ʒp | d̠ʒd | d̠ʒkʼ | d̠ʒtʼ | d̠ʒv | d̠ʒf | d̠ʒʐ | d̠ʒz | d̠ʒ ʃ | d̠ʒm | d̠ʒɹ | d̠ʒl |
tsʼ | tsʼd̠ʒ | tsʼtsʼ | tsʼk | tsʼp | tsʼd | tsʼkʼ | tsʼtʼ | tsʼv | tsʼf | tsʼʐ | tsʼz | tsʼ ʃ | tsʼm | tsʼɹ | tsʼl | |
k | k d̠ʒ | ktsʼ | kk | kp | kd | kkʼ | ktʼ | kv | kf | kʐ | kz | k ʃ | km | kɹ | kl | |
p | pd̠ʒ | ptsʼ | pk | pp | pd | pkʼ | ptʼ | pv | pf | pʐ | pz | pʃ | pm | pɹ | pl | |
d | dd̠ʒ | dtsʼ | dk | dp | dd | dkʼ | dtʼ | dv | df | dʐ | dz | dʃ | dm | dɹ | dl | |
kʼ | kʼd̠ʒ | kʼtsʼ | kʼk | kʼp | kʼd | kʼkʼ | kʼtʼ | kʼv | kʼf | kʼʐ | kʼz | kʼʃ | kʼm | kʼɹ | kʼl | |
tʼ | tʼd̠ʒ | tʼtsʼ | tʼk | tʼp | tʼd | tʼkʼ | tʼtʼ | tʼv | tʼf | tʼʐ | tʼz | tʼʃ | tʼm | tʼɹ | tʼl | |
Fricatives | v | vd̠ʒ | vtsʼ | vk | vp | vd | vkʼ | vtʼ | vv | vf | vʐ | vz | vʃ | vm | vɹ | vl |
f | fd̠ʒ | ftsʼ | fk | fp | fd | fkʼ | ftʼ | fv | ff | fʐ | fz | fʃ | fm | fɹ | fl | |
ʐ | ʐd̠ʒ | ʐtsʼ | ʐk | ʐp | ʐd | ʐkʼ | ʐtʼ | ʐv | ʐf | ʐʐ | ʐz | ʐʃ | ʐm | ʐɹ | ʐl | |
z | zd̠ʒ | ztsʼ | zk | zp | zd | zkʼ | ztʼ | zv | zf | zʐ | zz | zʃ | zm | zɹ | zl | |
ʃ | ʃd̠ʒ | ʃtsʼ | ʃk | ʃp | ʃd | ʃkʼ | ʃtʼ | ʃv | ʃf | ʃʐ | ʃz | ʃʃ | ʃm | ʃɹ | ʃl | |
Nasals | m | md̠ʒ | mtsʼ | mk | mp | md | mkʼ | mtʼ | mv | mf | mʐ | mz | mʃ | mm | mɹ | ml |
Liquids | ɹ | ɹd̠ʒ | ɹtsʼ | ɹk | ɹp | ɹd | ɹkʼ | ɹtʼ | ɹv | ɹf | ɹʐ | ɹz | ɹʃ | ɹm | ɹɹ | ɹl |
l | ld̠ʒ | ltsʼ | lk | lp | ld | lkʼ | ltʼ | lv | lf | lʐ | lz | lʃ | lm | lɹ | ll |
Green is permitted consonant clusters, red is non-permitted clusters
Morphophonology
Morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Subject Object Verb