Thean: Difference between revisions

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'''Zzean''' /ˈθiːən/ is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language in the Akya-Woms family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. It is head-final and SVO.
'''Zzean''' /ˈθiːən/ is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language in the Akya-Woms family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. It is head-final and SVO.
== Proto-Zzeic ==
== Proto-Trans-Sarnathian ==
Proto-Zzeic was spoken 3000 years BP.
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian was spoken 3000 years BP.


Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Zzeic branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Zzeic to be reconstructed.
Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
=== Todo ===
=== Todo ===


h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Zzeic obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'


ḱobreb → PZz k.brɛb → kbəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’


* PZz ə → w
* PTS ə → w
* PZz i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
* PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
* PZz e → i
* PTS e → i
* PZz a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
* PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
* PZz o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
* PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
* PZz u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
* PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
* PZz ew → ea
* PTS ew → ea
* PZz aw → ea
* PTS aw → ea
* PZz ow → wa
* PTS ow → wa
* PZz ej → ay
* PTS ej → ay
* PZz aj → e
* PTS aj → e
* PZz oj → w
* PTS oj → w


===Phonology===
===Phonology===
Line 33: Line 33:


=== Grammar ===
=== Grammar ===
Proto-Zzeic switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns.  Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Zzeic stage.
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns.  Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage.


=== Lexicon ===
=== Lexicon ===
* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
* PAW *sleh₃s → PZz *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
* PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Zzeic obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'  
* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'  
* ḱobreb → PZz k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
* ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
* roy ‘in’ → PZz s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
* roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
* bʰetr → PZz bʰēr → PZz bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’
* bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’

Revision as of 04:39, 28 November 2024

Zzean /ˈθiːən/ is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language in the Akya-Woms family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. It is head-final and SVO.

Proto-Trans-Sarnathian

Proto-Trans-Sarnathian was spoken 3000 years BP.

Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.

Todo

h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'

ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’

  • PTS ə → w
  • PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
  • PTS e → i
  • PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
  • PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
  • PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
  • PTS ew → ea
  • PTS aw → ea
  • PTS ow → wa
  • PTS ej → ay
  • PTS aj → e
  • PTS oj → w

Phonology

Vowels

i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ­̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au

→ Early Old Zzean e ə o ʌ ɛ ɔ a iə uə ɨə i ɨ u əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au → Late Old Zzean e ʌ o ɐ ə ɑ æ iə uə ɨə ɪ ə ʊ i ɨ u ai aɨ au (Praveenize /ɛ/ → /ə/ → /ʌ/ → /ɑ/ → /æ/ → /iə/ and /u/ → /i/)

Consonants

Grammar

Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage.

Lexicon

  • xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
  • PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
  • h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
  • ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
  • roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
  • bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’
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