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'''Zzean''' /ˈθiːən/ is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language in the Akya-Woms family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. It is head-final and SVO.
In [[Verse:Angai|Angai]], '''Thean''' /ˈθiːən/ is a family of analytic monosyllabic tonal languages in the [[Trans-Sarnathian languages|Trans-Sarnathian]] family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. Thean is head-initial and SVO.
== Proto-Zzeic ==
Proto-Zzeic was spoken 3000 years BP.


Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Zzeic branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Zzeic to be reconstructed.
''Thean'' is an exonym derived from the [[Kuam]] pronunciation of the autonym.
=== Todo ===


h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Zzeic obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
Thean is natively written with logographs.


ḱobreb → PZz k.brɛb → kbəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
== Phonology of Modern Standard Thean ==
=== Initials ===


PZz ə → w
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
PZz i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
|-
PZz e → i
! rowspan="2" |
PZz a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
! rowspan="2" | Labial
PZz o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
! rowspan="2" | Inter-<br>dental
PZz u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
! colspan="3" | Alveolar
PZz ew → ea
! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
PZz aw → ea
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
PZz ow → wa
! rowspan="2" | Velar
PZz ej → ay
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
PZz aj → e
|-
PZz oj → w
! |plain || sibilant ||lateral
===Phonology===
|-
====Vowels====
! | Stop (Tone unrestricted)
i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ­̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au
| /p/ b
| /tθ/ ddh
| /t/ d
| /ts/ dz
| /tɬ/ dl
| /ʈʂ/ dr
| /tʃ/ j
| /k/ g
| /ʔ/ ʼ
|-
!|Fricative (Only L and M class tones)
| /f/ f
| /θ/ th
|
| /s/ s
|
| /ʂ/ shr
| /ʃ/ sh
| /x/ x
| /h/ h
|-
!|Sonorant (Tone unrestricted)
| /m/ m
|
| /n/ n
|
| /l/ l
| /ɻ/ r
| (/j/ y)
| (/w/ w)
|
|}


→ Early Old Zzean e ə o ʌ ɛ ɔ a iə uə ɨə i ɨ u əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au
=== Nuclei ===
→ Late Old Zzean e ʌ o ɐ ə ɑ æ iə uə ɨə ɪ ə ʊ i ɨ u ai aɨ au
-j-, -w- medials?
(Praveenize /ɛ/ → /ə/ → /ʌ/ → /ɑ/ → /æ/ → /iə/ and /u/ → /i/)
====Consonants====


=== Grammar ===
=== Finals ===
Proto-Zzeic switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns.  Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Zzeic stage.
-t -k -n -ng -dh -w -j -r /-t -k -n -ŋ -ð̠˕ -w -j -ɻ/ (null is allowed)


=== Lexicon ===
-ng is not as common as in the Sinosphere
* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
 
* PAW *sleh₃s → PZz *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
=== Tone ===
* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Zzeic obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
9 in nonchecked syllables, 3 in checked ones
* ḱobreb → PZz k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
 
* roy ‘in’ → PZz s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
[[Category:Angai]]
* bʰetr → PZz bʰēr → PZz bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’

Latest revision as of 23:13, 19 December 2024

In Angai, Thean /ˈθiːən/ is a family of analytic monosyllabic tonal languages in the Trans-Sarnathian family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. Thean is head-initial and SVO.

Thean is an exonym derived from the Kuam pronunciation of the autonym.

Thean is natively written with logographs.

Phonology of Modern Standard Thean

Initials

Labial Inter-
dental 		Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
plain sibilant lateral
Stop (Tone unrestricted) /p/ b /tθ/ ddh /t/ d /ts/ dz /tɬ/ dl /ʈʂ/ dr /tʃ/ j /k/ g /ʔ/ ʼ
Fricative (Only L and M class tones) /f/ f /θ/ th /s/ s /ʂ/ shr /ʃ/ sh /x/ x /h/ h
Sonorant (Tone unrestricted) /m/ m /n/ n /l/ l /ɻ/ r (/j/ y) (/w/ w)

Nuclei

-j-, -w- medials?

Finals

-t -k -n -ng -dh -w -j -r /-t -k -n -ŋ -ð̠˕ -w -j -ɻ/ (null is allowed)

-ng is not as common as in the Sinosphere

Tone

9 in nonchecked syllables, 3 in checked ones

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