Canonic Code

Canonic is

Introduction

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Phonology

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Canonic

[...]

Canonic onset clusters: [...]

[...] The language may gain considerable fusional morphology in the Canonic register.

Canonic coda clusters: [...]

The Adamic Code can be spoken in a poetic register, called Canonic, where the Coloration Table is almost abused in grammatical restructuration. In this register, for example, sound laws follow coloration rules, as well as cases and verbal conjugations, in such form that another language is created within the language after abandoning the system of patterns. Vide the translation of "I think the person is dead":

avâla murá-su, askút (Adamic) > ālbai muris, sia (Canonic)

table... diphthongs to monophthongs iu > y, ui > ȳ ia > e, ai > ē ua > o, au > ō

triphthongs to diphthongs ui-u > ȳu, iu-u > yu, u-ui > uȳ, u-iu > uy ia-u > eu, ai-u > ēu, u-ia > ue, u-ai > uē ua-i > oi, au-i > ōi, i-ua > io, i-au > iō

in case of incompatibility, the repeated vowel is lost (EX: ia-i > e, and not ei); also, when a long dipthong is reduced, a central vowel is added (EX: āi > ēa).

Sound Changes

With the generative notation developed in the 20^th Century by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle...

-/+	I-type	U-type	A-type
H-type	C → 0 ⧸ _#	C → 0 ⧸ _#	C → 0 ⧸ _#
S-type	C → 0 ⧸ _#	C → 0 ⧸ _#	C → 0 ⧸ _#
K-type	C → 0 ⧸ _#	C → 0 ⧸ _#	C → 0 ⧸ _#

-voice

{V// <low>} → {V// nasal // <low>} ⧸ {V// nasal // <glottalized>}C₀_

Coherent with Index Diachronica...

In Sca2

Sets: (non-supported)

Z=ẞÞÐ (different from S, as it is a sequence) G=JWR (different from V, as it is a sequence) ẞ=sz, Þ=fv, Ð=c' ẞ→/#_/#_J S→/#_/#_JWR

Categories:

V=yaeiouȳāēīōū Y=yaeiou Ȳ=ȳāēīōū J=ieīē W=uoūō R=yaȳā C=kpthnlsfcgbdqmrzv' -=kpthnlsfc +=gbdqmrzv' K=kgpbtd S=szfvc' H=hqnmlr Q=123456 1=kghqsz 2=pbnmfv 3=tdlrc' I=khs Ī=gqz U=pnf Ū=bmv A=tlc Ā=dr'

Rewrite rules:

i|1 u|2 nd|3 mb|4 lb|5 rd|6

Sound Changes:

V→/#_CVVCVVCVV V→/#_CVCVVCVV V→/#_CVVCVCVV V→/#_CVVCVVCV V→/#_CVCVCVV V→/#_CVCVVCV V→/#_CVVCVCV V→/#_CVCVCV V→/#_CVVCVV V→/#_CVCVV V→/#_CVVCV V→/#_CVCV CV→/CV_CV V→/CVCVC_# V→/CVCVCC_# ia→e/_ ai→ē/_ uo→o/_ au→ō/_ ui→ȳ/_ iu→y/_ K→S/[īē]_ K→H/[ūō]_ K→S/_J K→H/_W H→Q/R_R C→/_# [sz]→/#_/#_J [sz]→/_#/J_# [fv]→/#_/#_W [fv]→/_#/W_# [c']→/#_/#_R [c']→/_#/R_# +→-/_# -→+/V_V

asakata > *_sakata > *sa_ta > *sata > *ata > ada

asakasta > *_sakasta > *sakast_ > *sakast > *akast > *akas > *aka > aga

asakastar > *_sakastar > *sakastar > *akastar > *agastar > agasta

gīg bībl kun saikat daitas būl agalala datasiu avāla > zī ī hu sēza ē'a mū galba dazy ālba

stemic harmony in canonic:

sikūtí (-s-k-t-) > siqūl- (-s-k-l-) *third member harmonized

(-k-p-g-) > (-k-n-z-) *second and third members harmonized

vocalic change

ka > ho, ky > hu

pa > fe, py > fi

Alternation

Accrescence (...): type-1 consonants extend to ...

Excrescence (H → Q ⧸ V_R): type-2 consonants extend to i, u, nd, mb, lb, and rd respectively when intervovalic as onset to A-vowels.

Decrescence (Z → ∅ ⧸ [#]_[#]/[G]_[G]): type-3 consonants disappear when marginal, except when in contact with their respective dominant vowel.

Elision

Apocape (1): in a word with three syllables or more, the initial unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks an onset or a long vowel.

Syncope (2): in a word with three syllables or more, the middle unstressed syllable is lost if it is not closed by a coda or possesses a long vowel.

Aphaeresis (3): in a word with three syllables or more, the last unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks a coda or a long vowel.

Epenthesis

Prothesis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is an initial consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant) is added. EX: ...

Anaptyxis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a middle consonant cluster, the vowel /a/ is added. EX: 'atlya > adalyal

Paragoge: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a final consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant). EX: palk > palsil

Harmony

(used in special cases of other laws)

Haplology: dadasa > dasa

Compensatory lengthening bûl (*bbûl) > *uvvūl > ūvūl gal (*gall) > *galla > gāla

Metathesis: glides only where the stress is garda, gráda, gadrá

adtís > addís

Final devoicing (-sonorant → -voice ⧸ _#)

Initial voicing

a → y ⧸ _{iu}

dad > dat

Intervocalic voicing ata > ada

/ai̯/ > /eː/ /i̯a/ > /e/ /au̯/ > /oː/ /u̯a/ > /o/ /u̯i/~/ui̯/ > /ɯ/~/yː/ /i̯u/~/iu̯/ > /y/~/ɯː/

/e/ > /i/ /o/ > /u/

Word derivation is less intricate in Canonic.

skt > saga, sazēia (-) / sia, siēia / kada, kaēia (+)

gll > galba, gallēia (-) / galba, gallēia / alba, allēia (+)

krp > karda, karrēia (-) / kāba, kāmēia / raba, ramēia (+)

qfl > qava, qavēia (-) / qulba, qullēia / falba, fallēia (+)

karda "murder" > karri "murderer" / karru "victim", raba "execution" > rami "executioner" / ravu "prisoner"

i (concrete, active terms) / u (abstract, passive terms)

qiat azīs hu "he saw the giant's dog"

avāda sazēia "the temptations of humans"

k’ālú "to be in a place"

∅ = sēzu "I philosophize", sēgau "I will philosophize"

Íz > IgÁ

Úq > UgÁ

Í' > IdÁ

Úr > UdÁ

Ím > IbÁ

Úv > UbÁ

Meter

Canonic extends the concepts of "short" and "long" in Adamic grammar to the syllable as a whole, identifying the following segments:

• (C)²V(C̥) (light)

• (C)²VV(C̥) ~ (C)²V̄(C̥) ~ (C)²VC̬(C̥) (heavy)

• (C)²V̄V(C̥) ~ (C)²VVC̬(C̥) ~ (C)²V̄C̬(C̥) (superheavy)

Any other arrangement, such as (C)(C)V̄VC̬, is forbidden. [...] Non-sonorant consonants if [...] C̬ = one sonorant or two non-sonorant consonants, C̥ = one non-sonorant consonant

light (μ₁) heavy (μ₂) superheavy (μ₃)

A line of 36 morae ranges from 12 superheavy syllables up to 36 light syllables [...]

Elision

KH- KH/HK -HK

monosyllabic stressed word attracts article bîbl /ˈbiːbl/ + iru /iru/ = bîbliru ... = bîbliru

canonic allophones kʲ kʷ kʰ gʲ gʷ gʱ pʲ pʷ pʰ bʲ bʷ bʱ tʲ tʷ tʰ bʲ bʷ bʱ

canonic clusters hk ɦg hp ɦb ht ɦd / ŋk ŋg mp mb nt nd / lk rk lg rg lp rp lb rb lt rt ld rd kh gɦ ph bɦ th dɦ / kŋ gŋ pm bm tn dn / kl kr gl gr pl pr bl br tl tr dl dr

the equivalent of lucifer "lightbearer" would be haípar (h’l + p'r X i/aí/a/)

not pro-drop (subject is only ommitted in relative clauses)

suma "who?" > cu masu-ta "you being ...?", cu suma-ta "who are you?" aliúma "where?" > cu maliú-ta "where are you going?", cu aliúma-ta "where are you from?" OBL + ma = interrogative

the verb tends to be left-bound and close to the noun when a participle

kûnira kaxáp "the dog is taken"

káxap kûniru "the taken dog"

syntx of case and verb asak āqfúl-un "I spoke with him" masak āqfúl-un "whom I spoke with" active: ergative if subject; accusative if object passive: accusative if subject; ergative if object

xûlira, su bîblira aqilá, siktí aqilá "the philosopher sees the man, who sees the book"

āvala aru k’a agaúl "if a man is strong he eats"

k’ātásu āvala aru agaúl iāt "if a man eats he is strong"

āvala iru imfar murásu āvala

combinations such as *sr (SH/HS) and *sp (SK/KS) are not possible, and will trigger the insertion of vowels EX: ask > asak

-k-h-s- "one" kis ~ ksi ~ iks ... káhs -p-n-f- "two" puf ~ pfu ~ upf ... pánf -t-l-c- "three" tac ~ tca ~ atc ... tálc -g-q-z- "four" gīz ... gaíz -b-m-v- "five" būv ~ bvū ~ ūbv ... baúv -d-r-'- "six" dā' ~ d'ā ~ ād' ... dâ'

khis, nuf, tlac, ghīz, mūv, drā

kihs 1 punf 2 talc 3 qīz 4 nūv 5 drā 6 drāsi 7 nūca 8 qīfu 9 unū 10 unūs 11 udrā 12 udrās 13 udrāf 14 anū 15 anūs 16 anūf 17 adrā 18 adrās 19 īnū 20 īnūs 21 īnūf 22 īnūc 23 īdrā 24 ūnū 25 ūnūs 26 ūnūf 27 ūnūc 28 ūnūzi 29 ūdrā/ānū 30 ... ādrā 36 ... upādrā 72 ... īqādrā 144 ... ādupādrā 432

ikh/si up/fu at/ca īq/zī ūn/vū ād/ā

kihs ghīz ikh hzī punf bmūv upn mvū talc drā' atl r'ā / drāikh 7 ghīzu 8 talcatl 9 mūvu 10 ... drā'atl 18 drā'rā 36

drā’ikh 7, drā’upn 12, drā’atl 18, drā’zī 24, drā’vū 30, drā’’ā 36

Non-finite verbs are (despite the name) more treated as defective nouns. They lack article yet behave as if were regulated by them

murú appúral "I do not pretend to die" ígul mārasu "eating is good

liviatan "whale" maubidik "sperm whale" bailzaibub "fly" drakula "bat" ganaisa "elephant"

aran bailzaibub gulí amārâ-la, qaut babaiaga "flies don't like getting eaten, said the witch"

3 genders, but the masculine can be treated as the neuter

mostly synthetic

Canonic Inflection/Conjugation

In the Canonic register of Adamic, affixes are modified according to the Coloration Table and the Triptote Table in order to assign fusional significance to its phonemes. [...] There are 150 possibilities out of 36 permutations.

	CANONIC DECLENSION
	Singular			Plural
	Definite	Indefinite	Nomic	Definite	Indefinite	Nomic
Nominative	-h, -∅, -ay	-n, -∅, -aw	-l, -∅, -a	-q, -∅, -āy, -ēia	-m, -∅, -āw, -ōua	-r, -∅, -ā
Accusative	-s, -∅, -i	-f, -∅, -u	-c, -∅, -a	-z, -za, -∅, -ī	-v, -va, -∅, -ū	-', -'a, -∅, -ā
Dative	-k, -s, -h, -∅, -ya, -e	-p, -n, -f, -∅, -wa, -o	-t, -l, -∅, -a	-g, -za, -q, -ga, -∅, -yā	-b, -m, -va, -ba, -∅, -wā	-d, -'a, -r, -da, -∅, -ā
Copulative	a-X-h, a-X-∅, ay-	a-X-n, a-X-∅, aw-	a-X-l, a-X-∅, a-	a-X-q, a-X-∅, āy-, ēi-	a-X-m, a-X-∅, āw-, ōu-	a-X-r, a-X-∅, ā-
Ergative	a-X-s, a-X-∅, i-	a-X-f, a-X-∅, u-	a-X-c, a-X-∅, a-	a-X-z, a-X-za, a-X-∅, ī-	a-X-v, -va, a-X-∅, ū-	a-X-', a-X-'a, a-X-∅, ā-
Genitive	a-X-k, a-X-s, a-X-h, a-X-∅, ya-, e-	a-X-p, a-X-n, -f, a-X-∅, wa-, o-	a-X-t, a-X-l, a-X-∅, a-	a-X-g, a-X-za, a-X-q, a-X-ga, a-X-∅, yā-	a-X-b, a-X-m, a-X-va, a-X-ba, a-X-∅, wā-	a-X-d, a-X-'a, a-X-r, a-X-da, a-X-∅, ā-

^0 Consonantal stem; ^1 I-stem; ^2 U-stem; ^3 A-stem; ^4 Repeated stem; ^A Vocalic stem; ^B Irregular stem.

The canonic conjugation, for lacking the subjunctive and junctive functions or a finite verb, and the presence of non-finite forms, is relegated as a class of enunciative constructions often associated with literary practices. That is: canonic verbs appear in narration solely, or when an event is being described without biases. Vide the translation of "'I think that he is dead,' he said":

"murá-su, askút," quat

	CANONIC CONJUGATION
	Singular			Plural
	2nd-person	1st-person	3rd-person	2nd-person	1st-person	3rd-person
Active Future	-h, -∅, -ay	-n, -∅, -aw	-l, -∅, -a	-q, -∅, -āy, -ēia	-m, -∅, -āw, -ōua	-r, -∅, -ā
Active Present	-s, -∅, -i	-f, -∅, -u	-c, -∅, -a	-z, -za, -∅, -ī	-v, -va, -∅, -ū	-', -'a, -∅, -ā
Active Past	-k, -s, -h, -∅, -ya, -e	-p, -n, -f, -∅, -wa, -o	-t, -l, -∅, -a	-g, -za, -q, -ga, -∅, -yā	-b, -m, -va, -ba, -∅, -wā	-d, -'a, -r, -da, -∅, -ā
Passive Future	h-X-a, ∅-X-a, ay-	n-X-a, a-X-∅, aw-	l-X-a, ∅-X-a, a-	q-X-a, ∅-X-a, āy-, ēi-	m-X-a, ∅-X-a, āw-, ōu-	r-X-a, ∅-X-a, ā-
Passive Present	s-X-a, ∅-X-a, i-	f-X-a, ∅-X-a, u-	c-X-a, ∅-X-a, a-	z-X-a, za-X-a, ∅-X-a, ī-	v-X-a, va-X-a, ∅-X-a, ū-	'-X-a, 'a-X-a, ∅-X-a, ā-
Passive Past	k-X-a, s-X-a, h-X-a, ∅-X-a, ya-, e-	p-X-a, n-X-a, f-X-a, ∅-X-a, wa-, o-	t-X-a, l-X-a, ∅-X-a, a-	g-X-a, za-X-a, q-X-a, ga-X-a, ∅-X-a, yā-	b-X-a, m-X-a, va-X-a, ba-X-a, ∅-X-a, wā-	d-X-a, 'a-X-a, r-X-a, da-X-a, ∅-X-a, ā-

^0 Consonantal stem; ^1 I-stem; ^2 U-stem; ^3 A-stem; ^4 Repeated stem; ^A Vocalic stem; ^B Irregular stem.

The Canonic Declension distinguishes itself from the Canonic Conjugation merely by inverting the inclusion of -a-. Compare the pair zīs "to the giant" / azīs "the giant's" with kāuf "I kill" / iāpa "I am killed".

nun/nȳō, lih/sȳē, al/sȳa (nom)

nuf/nȳu, lis/sȳi, ac/sȳa (acc)

nuf/nȳua, lis/sȳia, at/sȳa (dat)

mū (n > m-u-u)

ry (l > r-i-u)

zō (∅ > z-a-u)

Triptote Inflection

infinite participles

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