Verse:Mwail/Classical Thean

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Verse:

Mwail/Classical Thean

• Mwail/Classical Thean/Lexicon

Verse talk:

Classical Thean is the most spoken language of Angai Europe. In Timeline 1 of Angai, Classical Thean forms the basis of Literary Thean which was used as a literary language of Thea for over 2000 years before the emergence of Modern Standard Thean.

Todo: Make change-of-state verbs (e.g. 'to die', 'to ripen') the basic lexical items

Gibberish

təčʼay ʔəmʼarʼ ʔənkał xʷkʸiš
ǯun gǯed ʔəšo nəyiš
kʔan tnʼoh kʼlir ʔəlšey
łuy sca tweł knal ʔərgʷiš

History

The oldest attested stage of Thean, called Old Thean, uses a logography. The history of Classical Thean begins with the publication and spread of [some religious text; some form of Buddhism I guess] in a phonetic orthography and the rhyming prose tales of [author]. This switch to a phonetic orthography was incentivized by the introduction of the printing press.

Classical Thean phonology

Initials

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar		Glottal
							plain	labialized
Stop	tenuis	/p/ p	/t̪s̪/ c	/t/ t	/ts̠/ č	/c/ kʸ	/k/ k	/kʷ/ kʷ	/ʔ/ ʔ
	voiced	/b/ b	/d̪z̪/ ʒ	/d/ d	/dz̠/ ǯ	/ɟ/ gʸ	/g/ g	/gʷ/ gʷ
	ejective	/pʼ/ pʼ	/t̪s̪ʼ/ cʼ	/tʼ/ tʼ	/ts̠ʼ/ čʼ	/cʼ/ kʸʼ	/kʼ/ kʼ	/kʷʼ/ kʷʼ
Fricative			/s̪/ s	/ɬ/ ł	/s̠/ š	/ç/ xʸ	/x/ x	/xʷ/ xʷ	/h/ h, /ɦ/ ɦ
Sonorant	plain	/m/ m		/n/ n, /l/ l	/r̠/ r	/j/ y		/w/ w
	glottalized	/mˀ/ mʼ		/nˀ/ nʼ, /lˀ/ lʼ	/r̠ˀ/ rʼ	/jˀ/ yʼ		/wˀ/ wʼ

/p bʰ pʼ/ are found in loanwords.

Nuclei

/i e a o u/ i e a o u, unstressed /ə/ ə

Finals

(Codas in parentheses are only found in loanwords)

• Tone A: null -n -y -l -r -d(soft d) (-m -w)
• Tone B: -ʔ -nʼ -lʼ -rʼ -yʼ -dʼ (-mʼ -wʼ)
• Tone C: -h -ł -š -x -s (-ms -ns -ls -rs -ys -ws -ps -ts -ks)
• Tone D: -k -t (-p)

Stress

Very strong final stress

Grammar

Pronouns

• 1sg xey
• 2sg mo
• 1pl tli
• 2pl: tna

The Classical Thean auxiliary

The Classical Thean clause-initial auxiliary was inflected for subject agreement, tense, mood, and independent vs. dependent clauses in a system about as complex as Colloquial Welsh. In subordinate clauses, the auxiliary often cliticized to the subordinating conjunction used.

The auxiliary had a zero form for the 2nd person present independent. (Cf. Welsh zero for 2sg present)

Classical Thean auxiliary constructions (V = verb)

→ Person		1sg	2sg	3	1pl	2pl
present	affirmative	coy xey gʷer V	(co) mo gʷer V	la šru gʷer V	col tli gʷer V	con tna gʷer V
	interrogative	gʷay xey gʷer V	gʷa mo gʷer V	gʷa šru gʷer V	gʷal tli gʷer V	gʷan tna gʷer V
	negative	gʷay xey wa gʷer V	gʷa mo wa gʷer V	gʷa šru wa gʷer V	gʷal tli wa gʷer V	gʷan tna wa gʷer V
past	affirmative	ʒey xey V	ʒu mo V	ʒe sru V	ʒel tli V	ʒen tna V
	interrogative	ʔəʒey xey V	ʔəʒu mo V	ʔəʒe sru V	ʔəʒel tli V	ʔəʒen tna V
	negative	ʔəʒey xey wa V	ʔəʒu mo wa V	ʔəʒe sru wa V	ʔəʒel tli wa V	ʔəʒen tna wa V
future	affirmative	ʔay xey V	ʔa mo V	ʔa sru V	ʔal tli V	ʔan tna V
	interrogative	ʔəday xey V	ʔəda mo V	ʔəda sru V	ʔədal tli V	ʔədan tna V
	negative	ʔəday xey wa V	ʔəda mo wa V	ʔəda sru wa V	ʔədal tli wa V	ʔədan tna wa V
conditional/subjucntive	affirmative	doy xey V	do mo V	do sru V	dol tli V	don tna V
	interrogative	ʔədoy xey V	ʔədo mo V	ʔədo sru V	ʔədol tli V	ʔədon tna V
	negative	ʔədoy xey wa V	ʔədo mo wa V	ʔədo sru wa V	ʔədol tli wa V	ʔədon tna wa V

Todo: Add more forms, look at Welsh

Syntax

The Proto-Trans-Sarnathian word order was T1 S T2 V O. In Classical Thean, T2 becomes cliticized or lost, and T1 is the only word that inflects in a sentence.

In later OTh, T1 becomes an invariable tense or discourse particle