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| == Phonology ==
| | * ''lorem'' (n) 'language' |
| The following describes Amisheg (Standard Sowaazh) phonology.
| | * ''Ipsum'' (n, class 1) 'God' (originally a different noun class) |
| ===Consonants===
| | * ''enim'' (clitic) 'indeed; because' |
| Amisheg has a large consonant inventory of 36 consonants:
| | * ''sum'' (pron) 'I' |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
| | * ''cum'' (conj) 'and' |
| |+ '''Consonant phonemes in Amisheg'''
| | * ''curlop'' (adj) 'wise' |
| |-
| | * ''tomcenep'' (adj) 'merciful' |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; "|
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Labial
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
| |
| |-
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| ! colspan="2"| Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' /m/
| |
| | '''n''' /n{{den}}/
| |
| |
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| | '''ny''' /ɲ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" style="" |Stop
| |
| ! |<small>tenuis</small>
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| | '''b''' /p/
| |
| | '''d''' /t{{den}}/
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| | '''g''' /k/
| |
| | ''' {{2}} ''' /ʔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| | '''p''' /pʰ/
| |
| | '''t''' /t{{den}}ʰ/
| |
| |
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| | '''k''' /kʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
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| ! |<small>ejective</small>
| |
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| | '''t'''' /t{{den}}ʼ/
| |
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| | '''k'''' /kʼ/
| |
| |
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" style="" | Affricate
| |
| ! |<small>tenuis</small>
| |
| |
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| | '''j''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}/
| |
| | '''jh''' /tʂ/
| |
| | '''jy''' /t{{ś}}/
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |-
| |
| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| |
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| | '''c''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʰ/
| |
| | '''ch''' /tʂʰ/
| |
| | '''cy''' /t{{ś}}ʰ/
| |
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| |-
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| ! |<small>ejective</small>
| |
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| | '''c' ''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʼ/
| |
| | '''ch' ''' /tʂʼ/
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| | '''cy' ''' /t{{ś}}ʼ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| |
| |
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| | '''s''' /s{{den}}/
| |
| | '''sh''' /ʂ/
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| | '''sy''' /ɕ/
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| | '''kh''' /x/
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| | '''h''' /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
| |
| | '''w''' /w/
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| | '''zh''' /{{zh}}/
| |
| | '''y, ly''' /j/
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| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| /mj pj p{{asp}}j/ are allowed before vowels.
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| All consonants in Amisheg are long, compared to English and other Sowaazh dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages.
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| Amisheg has only 4 vowel qualities, although there is phonemic vowel length and nasality.
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Amisheg oral vowels'''
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style=""|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Back
| |
| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i, į'''
| |
| | '''ii, įį''' /iː/
| |
| | '''u''' /ʊ/
| |
| | '''uu, ųų''' /uː/
| |
| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | '''e, ę''' /ɛ/
| |
| | '''ee, ęę''' /ɛː/
| |
| | '''a, ą''' /ɑ/
| |
| | '''aa, ąą''' /ɑː/
| |
| |}
| |