Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
| (89 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| == Phonology ==
| | * ''lorem'' (n) 'language' |
| The following describes Amisheg (Standard Sowaazh) phonology.
| | * ''Ipsum'' (n, class 1) 'God' (originally a different noun class) |
| ===Consonants===
| | * ''enim'' (clitic) 'indeed; because' |
| Amisheg has a large consonant inventory of 33 consonants:
| | * ''sum'' (pron) 'I' |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
| | * ''cum'' (conj) 'and' |
| |+ '''Consonant phonemes in Amisheg'''
| | * ''curlop'' (adj) 'wise' |
| |-
| | * ''tomcenep'' (adj) 'merciful' |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; "|
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Labial
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
| |
| ! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2"| Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' /m/
| |
| | '''n''' /n{{den}}/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ny''' /ɲ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="" |Stop
| |
| ! |<small>tenuis</small>
| |
| | '''b''' /p/
| |
| | '''d''' /t{{den}}/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''g''' /k/
| |
| | ''' {{2}} ''' /ʔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| | '''p''' /pʰ/
| |
| | '''t''' /t{{den}}ʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''k''' /kʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>ejective</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''t'''' /t{{den}}ʼ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''k'''' /kʼ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="" | Affricate
| |
| ! |<small>tenuis</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''j''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}/
| |
| | '''jh''' /tʂ/
| |
| | '''jy''' /t{{ś}}/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''c''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʰ/
| |
| | '''ch''' /tʂʰ/
| |
| | '''cy''' /t{{ś}}ʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>ejective</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''c' ''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʼ/
| |
| | '''ch' ''' /tʂʼ/
| |
| | '''cy' ''' /t{{ś}}ʼ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| |
| |
| |
| | '''s''' /s{{den}}/
| |
| | '''sh''' /ʂ/
| |
| | '''sy''' /ɕ/
| |
| | '''kh''' /x/
| |
| | '''h''' /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
| |
| | '''w''' /w/
| |
| | '''l''' /l/
| |
| | '''zh''' /{{zh}}/
| |
| | '''y, ly''' /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| /mj pj p{{asp}}j/ are allowed before vowels.
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| All consonants in Amisheg are long, compared to English and other Sowaazh dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages.
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| Amisheg has only 4 vowel qualities, although there is phonemic vowel length and nasality.
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Amisheg oral vowels'''
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style=""|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i, į'''
| |
| | '''ii, įį'''
| |
| | '''u, ų'''
| |
| | '''uu, ųų'''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | '''e, ę'''
| |
| | '''ee, ęę'''
| |
| | '''a, ą'''
| |
| | '''aa, ąą'''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| == Morphology ==
| |
| Suwaazh morphology is inspired by similarities between Sino-Tibetan and Navajo morphology.
| |
| === Verbs ===
| |
| ==== The root ====
| |
| A Suwaazh verb root consists of an obligatory initial, a vowel which may ablaut, and an optional final. Final consonants are restricted to {{angbr|b d j z s jh zh sh jy zy sy g {{2}} kh h}}.
| |