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| '''Suwaash''' is a conlang inspired by similarities between Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan (especially Rgyalrongic) and Athabaskan. It is an isolate within a large language family which includes monosyllabic tonal languages and Athabaskan-style polysynthetic languages. Suwaash is the lingua franca of modern Sngeaf. | | * ''lorem'' (n) 'language' |
| | | * ''Ipsum'' (n, class 1) 'God' (originally a different noun class) |
| == Todo ==
| | * ''enim'' (clitic) 'indeed; because' |
| * ''myąą'' 'cat; meow'
| | * ''sum'' (pron) 'I' |
| * ''węęh'' 'world' | | * ''cum'' (conj) 'and' |
| | | * ''curlop'' (adj) 'wise' |
| == Vocabulary ==
| | * ''tomcenep'' (adj) 'merciful' |
| Suwaash is about as purist as German or Finnish, but it has some loans from [[Anbirese]].
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| == Phonology ==
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| The following describes Amisheg (Standard Suwaash) phonology.
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| ===Consonants===
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| Amisheg has a moderately large consonant inventory:
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''Consonant phonemes in Amisheg'''
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; "|
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Labial
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
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| ! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2"| Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n{{den}}/
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| | '''ny''' /ɲ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" style="" |Stop
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| ! |<small>unaspirated</small>
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| | '''b''' /p/
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| | '''d''' /t{{den}}/
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| | '''g''' /k/
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| | ''' {{2}} ''' /ʔ/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
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| | '''p''' /pʰ/
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| | '''t''' /t{{den}}ʰ/
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| | '''k''' /kʰ/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>ejective</small>
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| | '''t'''' /t{{den}}ʼ/
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| | '''k'''' /kʼ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" style="" | Affricate
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| ! |<small>unaspirated</small>
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| | '''j''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}/
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| | '''jh''' /tʂ/
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| | '''jy''' /t{{ś}}/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
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| | '''c''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʰ/
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| | '''ch''' /tʂʰ/
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| | '''cy''' /t{{ś}}ʰ/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>ejective</small>
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| | '''c' ''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʼ/
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| | '''ch' ''' /tʂʼ/
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| | '''cy' ''' /t{{ś}}ʼ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| | '''s''' /s{{den}}/
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| | '''sh''' /ʂ/
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| | '''sy''' /ɕ/
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| |colspan=2| '''h, x''' /x~h/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
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| | '''w''' /w/
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| | '''l''' /l{{den}}/
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| | '''y''' /j/, '''ly''' /ʎ/
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| |}
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| /mj pj p{{asp}}j/ are allowed before vowels. Velars are allophonically palatalized before /i/.
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| ===Vowels===
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| Amisheg has only 4 vowel qualities, although there is phonemic vowel length and nasality.
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''Amisheg oral vowels'''
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| ! rowspan="2" style=""|
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Back
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | '''i, į''' /i, ĩ/
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| | '''ii, įį''' /iː, ĩː/
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| | '''u, ų''' /u, ũ/
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| | '''uu, ųų''' /uː, ũ/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | '''e, ę''' /ɛ, ɛ̃/
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| | '''ee, ęę''' /ɛː, ɛ̃ː/
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| | '''a, ą''' /ɑ, ɑ̃/
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| | '''aa, ąą''' /ɑː, ɑ̃ː/
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| |}
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| The vowels ''i ii į įį'' are centralized to [ɨ{{lowered}}] (with the appropriate length and nasality) after retroflex and dental consonants ''n l d t t' j c c' s jh ch ch' sh''; the [ɨ{{lowered}}] is instead realized as [z{{lowered}}] (after dentals) and [ɻ] (after retroflexes) in some accents. ''u uu ų ųų'' are fronted to [u{{adv}}] after palatal consonants ''ny ly jy cy cy' sy y''.
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| == Morphophonology ==
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| === Root ablaut ===
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| Ablaut and initial alternations are the main morphophonological processes that occur on the root.
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| ==== Initial alternations ====
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| Initials may change with different "ablaut grades" of the nucleus vowel of the stem.
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| 2-way alternating roots:
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| * b p m -> by py my | |
| * d t t' n l -> jy cy cy' ny ly
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| * g k k' x -> jh ch ch' sh (at least in some roots?)
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| * j c c' s -> jy cy cy' sy
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| * {{2}} w -> y y | |
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| 3-way alternating roots
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| * j c c' s ~ jh ch ch' sh ~ jy cy cy' sy
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| Unexpectedly unalternating roots
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| * Unalternating jh series roots
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| * Unalternating g series roots
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| === Sandhi ===
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| In Suwaash, sandhi occurs at morpheme boundaries within a word. Sandhi is applied ''after'' root ablaut and somewhat unpredictable prefix palatalizations are.
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| == Dialects ==
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| Different nonstandard dialects shift the sibilant system in different ways:
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| * merging ''sh jh ch ch' '' with ''s j c c' '' (cf. Polish ''mazurzenie'') | |
| * merging ''sh jh ch ch' '' with ''sy jy cy cy' '' (cf. Polish ''jabłonkowanie'')
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| * merging ''sy jy cy cy' '' with ''s j c c' '' (cf. Polish ''kaszubienie'') | |
| * shifting ''sh jh ch ch' '' into velars /x kx kxʰ kxʼ/ or uvulars /χ qχ qχʰ qχʼ/
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| == Grammar ==
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| Suwaash grammar is inspired by similarities between Sino-Tibetan and Navajo grammar. Like both Rgyalrongic and Athabaskan, Suwaash is head-final and has polypersonal marking, but it is not nearly as polysynthetic as either group.
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| === Nouns ===
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| ==== Possessive affixes ====
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| ==== Plurals ====
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| === Postpositions ===
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| Postpositions inflect like nouns in that they take personal affixes.
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| * dative ''-ash'': ''węęhash'' 'for the world/Earth'; ''nash'' 'for me'
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| * instrumental ''-iil''
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| * locative ''-yiin''
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| === Verbs ===
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| The verb is the only obligatory component of a Suwaash clause. Adjectives are also verbs.
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| ==== The root ====
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| A Suwaash verb root consists of an obligatory initial, a vowel which may ablaut, and an optional final.
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| Possible initials are:
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| * all single consonants
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| * {{angbr|my by py}}
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| Final consonants are restricted to {{angbr|b d s sh sy g {{2}} h l n}}; the -n final may not follow a nasal vowel.
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| ==== Personal affixes ====
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| ==== Tense marking ====
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| ==== Verbal nouns ====
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| ==== Voice ====
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| === Derivational morphology ===
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| === Syntax ===
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