Verse:Mwail/Ker: Difference between revisions

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'''Proto-Trans-Sarnathian''', a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]], was spoken 3000 years BP.
'''Old Qua''' or '''Ker''' (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.


Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)
== Todo ==
h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'


ḱobreb → PTS cobrɛb → -bəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
== Gibberish ==
<poem>
glips ˀɲat mij wrək,
d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,
d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,
θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək
</poem>


* PTS ə → w
== Phonology ==
* PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
=== Preinitial ===
* PTS e → i
ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)
* PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
=== Initials ===
* PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
p t̼ t ts c k ʔ
* PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
b d̼ d dz ɟ g
* PTS ew → ea
pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ
* PTS aw → ea
m n̼ n ɲ
* PTS ow → wa
ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ
* PTS ej → ay
ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ
* PTS aj → e
w j
* PTS oj → w
ˀw ˀj
ʰw ʰj
θ̼ θ s ɕ h


==Phonology==
=== Medials ===
===Vowels===
j? l r
i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ­̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au


→ Early Old Zzean e ə o ʌ ɛ ɔ a iə uə ɨə i ɨ u əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au
=== Nuclei ===
→ Late Old Zzean e ʌ o ɐ ə ɑ æ iə uə ɨə ɪ ə ʊ i ɨ u ai aɨ au
a i ə o
(Praveenize /ɛ/ → /ə/ → /ʌ/ → /ɑ/ → /æ/ → /iə/ and /u/ → /i/)
===Consonants===


== Grammar ==
=== Finals ===
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage aside from a handful.
p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ


== Lexicon ==
=== Postfinals ===
* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
-ʔ -s
* PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
 
* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
== Syntax ==
* ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
Steal from Old Chinese
* roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
* bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’

Latest revision as of 00:36, 24 June 2025

Old Qua or Ker (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.

Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)

Gibberish

glips ˀɲat mij wrək,
d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,
d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,
θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək

Phonology

Preinitial

ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)

Initials

p t̼ t ts c k ʔ b d̼ d dz ɟ g pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ m n̼ n ɲ ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ w j ˀw ˀj ʰw ʰj θ̼ θ s ɕ h

Medials

j? l r

Nuclei

a i ə o

Finals

p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ

Postfinals

-ʔ -s

Syntax

Steal from Old Chinese

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