Verse:Mwail/Ker: Difference between revisions

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'''Proto-Trans-Sarnathian''', a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]], was spoken 3000 years BP.
'''Old Qua''' or '''Ker''' (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.


Fortunately for [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)
== Tree ==
* Proto-Trans-Sarnathian
** Dylathic
*** [[Dylathian]]
** Old Zzean
*** Min analogue (Monosyllabic tonal Navajo gib)
*** Middle Zzean
**** Modern Standard [[Zzean]]


== Todo ==
== Gibberish ==
h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
<poem>
glips ˀɲat mij wrək,
d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,
d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,
θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək
</poem>


ḱobreb → PTS cobrɛb → -bəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
== Phonology ==
=== Preinitial ===
ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)
=== Initials ===
p t̼ t ts c k ʔ
b d̼ d dz ɟ g
pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ
m n̼ n ɲ
ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ
ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ
w j
ˀw ˀj
ʰw ʰj
θ̼ θ s ɕ h


* PTS ə → w
=== Medials ===
* PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
j? l r
* PTS e → i
* PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
* PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
* PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
* PTS ew → ea
* PTS aw → ea
* PTS ow → wa
* PTS ej → ay
* PTS aj → e
* PTS oj → w


==Proto-Trans-Sarnathian phonology==
=== Nuclei ===
=== Vowels ===
a i ə o
i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ­̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au


=== Consonants ===
=== Finals ===
* /m n l r/
p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ
* /p t c k kʷ/
* /bʰ dʰ ɟʰ gʰ gʷʰ/
* /pʼ tʼ cʼ kʼ kʷʼ/
* /ç s{{ret}} ʔ/
* /j w/


=== Stress ===
=== Postfinals ===
Word-final
-ʔ -s


== Grammar ==
== Syntax ==
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage aside from a handful.
Steal from Old Chinese
 
== Lexicon ==
* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
* PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
* ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
* roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
* bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → OZz bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’

Latest revision as of 00:36, 24 June 2025

Old Qua or Ker (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.

Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)

Gibberish

glips ˀɲat mij wrək,
d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,
d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,
θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək

Phonology

Preinitial

ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)

Initials

p t̼ t ts c k ʔ b d̼ d dz ɟ g pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ m n̼ n ɲ ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ w j ˀw ˀj ʰw ʰj θ̼ θ s ɕ h

Medials

j? l r

Nuclei

a i ə o

Finals

p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ

Postfinals

-ʔ -s

Syntax

Steal from Old Chinese

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