Verse:Mwail/Ker: Difference between revisions

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'''Proto-Trans-Sarnathian''' (a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]]?) was spoken 3000 years BP. The family is inspired by Sino-Tibetan, Athabaskan, and Celtic.
'''Old Qua''' or '''Ker''' (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.


Fortunately for [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Thean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)


(Proto-languages are reconstructed in-universe, but this article takes the [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/WordOfGod Word of God] point of view unless specified otherwise. In particular, only in-universe reconstructions are indicated with an asterisk.)
== Gibberish ==
== Tree ==
<poem>
* Proto-Trans-Sarnathian
glips ˀɲat mij wrək,
** Dylathic
d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,
*** [[Dylathian]]
d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,
** [[Old Thean]] (Proto-Theic)
θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək
*** [[Shei²¹A¹¹Mi³⁵]]
</poem>
*** Middle Thean
**** Modern [[Thean]] (Loosely mono-Gwich'in)


== Todo ==
== Phonology ==
<!--
=== Preinitial ===
h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Thean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Thean vəjt → EModTh fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModTh fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)
=== Initials ===
p t̼ t ts c k ʔ
b d̼ d dz ɟ g
pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ
m n̼ n ɲ
ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ
ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ
w j
ˀw ˀj
ʰw ʰj
θ̼ θ s ɕ h


ḱobreb → PTS cobrɛb → -bəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
=== Medials ===
j? l r


* PTS ə → w
=== Nuclei ===
* PTS i → Modern Thean ⟨ey⟩
a i ə o
* PTS e → i
* PTS a → Modern Thean ⟨wa⟩
* PTS o → Modern Thean ⟨a⟩
* PTS u → ɨ → Modern Thean /i/ ⟨i⟩
* PTS ew → ea
* PTS aw → ea
* PTS ow → wa
* PTS ej → ay
* PTS aj → e
* PTS oj → w
-->


== Proto-Trans-Sarnathian phonology ==
=== Finals ===
=== Vowels ===
p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ
i u e o a ''i u e o a'' + vowel length and diphthongs


=== Consonants ===
=== Postfinals ===
* /m n l r/
-ʔ -s
* /t ts&#800; c k kʷ q qʷ/
* /dʰ dz&#800;ʰ ɟʰ gʰ gʷʰ ɢʰ ɢʷʰ/
* /tʼ ts&#800;ʼ cʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/
* /s{{ret}} ç x xʷ χ χʷ ʔ/
* /j w/ ''y w''


=== Stress ===
== Syntax ==
Word-final
Steal from Old Chinese
 
=== Release ===
Certain (non-resonant) final consonants and clusters have audible release, whereas others are unreleased.
==== Released ====
All obst-obst clusters
 
All ejectives (but safe to assume single ejectives can become unreleased)
 
==== Unreleased ====
All single non-ejective final stops
 
== Grammar ==
=== Nouns ===
Most nouns had an unmarked form and a marked form (called the ''singulative'' for sake of convenience) that was only used for indefinite singular nouns.
 
For the definite article, the appropriate classifier was used, except for inalienably possessed nouns; the number was marked on the classifier.
==== List of classifiers ====
==== Alienable possession ====
==== Inalienable possession ====
 
=== Verbs ===
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage aside from a handful.
=== The auxiliary ===
 
== Lexicon ==
* xjeʔ ‘1SG’
* s-lō-s 'drink'
* obʰroc 'tooth'
* copʼrepʼ 'walk'
* s-roj 'to be located'
* bʰer 'in'
* lakt 'flat'
** ti-lakt 'Dylath' (lit. the flat place)
* ti- (place), to- (the one who) (two different nominalizers)
** lan 'peace' -> tilan -> Dylan
* ʔlars 'life'
** Dyl.''qalarch'' 'oneself'
* cʼajbʰ 'water'
** Dyl. ''tz{{2}}âf''

Latest revision as of 00:36, 24 June 2025

Old Qua or Ker (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.

Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)

Gibberish

glips ˀɲat mij wrək,
d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,
d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,
θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək

Phonology

Preinitial

ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)

Initials

p t̼ t ts c k ʔ b d̼ d dz ɟ g pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ m n̼ n ɲ ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ w j ˀw ˀj ʰw ʰj θ̼ θ s ɕ h

Medials

j? l r

Nuclei

a i ə o

Finals

p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ

Postfinals

-ʔ -s

Syntax

Steal from Old Chinese

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