Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob/Lexicon: Difference between revisions

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==Nouns and adjectives==
===Masculine nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''δȳrom'' 'bird'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
!  style="width: 100px;" | Collective
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plurative
|-
! Indefinite
| ''δȳrom'' || ''δyδȳrom'' || ''δȳrīs''
|-
! Definite
| ''δȳrae'' || ''δyδȳrae'' || ''δȳrinny''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" |Possessed forms of ''δȳrom'' - 'word'
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
!style="width: 100px;"|Singulative
!style="width: 100px;"|Plurative
|-
!|Construct
|''δȳrot''||''δȳror''
|-
!|1sg possessor
|''δȳrōn''||''δȳroryn''
|-
!|2sg.m possessor
|''δȳrossi''||''δȳroressi''
|-
!|2sg.f possessor
|''δȳrossy''||''δȳroressy''
|-
!|3sg.m possessor
|''δȳrō''||''δȳrory''
|-
!|3sg.f possessor
|''δȳrī''||''δȳrorī''
|-
!|3sg.n possessor
|''δȳra''||''δȳrora''
|-
!|1exc possessor
|''δȳrommo''||''δȳrorammo''
|-
!|1inc possessor
|''δȳront''||''δȳrorynt''
|-
!|2pl possessor
|''δȳrocca''||''δȳrorecca''
|-
!|3pl possessor
|''δȳrōr''||''δȳrorōr''
|}
===Feminine nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''gondā'' 'body'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
!  style="width: 100px;" | Collective
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plurative
|-
! Indefinite
| ''gondā'' || ''gogondā'' || ''gondār''
|-
! Definite
| ''gondām'' || ''gogondām'' || ''gondāsa''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" |Possessed forms of ''gondā'' - 'body'
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
!style="width: 100px;"|Singulative
!style="width: 100px;"|Plurative
|-
!|Construct
|''gondāt''||''gondanna''
|-
!|1sg possessor
|''gondaen''||''gondannan''
|-
!|2sg.m possessor
|''gondaessi''||''gondannassi''
|-
!|2sg.f possessor
|''gondaessy''||''gondannassy''
|-
!|3sg.m possessor
|''gondae''||''gondanny''
|-
!|3sg.f possessor
|''gondaeī''||''gondannī''
|-
!|3sg.n possessor
|''gondaea''||''gondanna''
|-
!|1exc possessor
|''gondaemmo''||''gondannammo''
|-
!|1inc possessor
|''gondaent''||''gondannynt''
|-
!|2pl possessor
|''gondaecca''||''gondannecca''
|-
!|3pl possessor
|''gondaeōr''||''gondannōr''
|}
===Neuter nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''tecty'' 'child'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
!  style="width: 100px;" | Collective
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plurative
|-
! Indefinite
| ''tecty'' || ''tetecty'' || ''tectȳn''
|-
! Definite
| ''tectys'' || ''tetectys'' || ''tectȳr''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" |Possessed forms of ''tecty'' - 'child'
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
!style="width: 100px;"|Singulative
!style="width: 100px;"|Plurative
|-
!|Construct
|''tectyt''||''tectȳsi''
|-
!|1sg possessor
|''tectyn''||''tectȳsin''
|-
!|2sg.m possessor
|''tectyssi''||''tectȳssi''
|-
!|2sg.f possessor
|''tectyssy''||''tectȳssy''
|-
!|3sg.m possessor
|''tectymy''||''tectȳsiō''
|-
!|3sg.f possessor
|''tectymī''||''tectȳsī''
|-
!|3sg.n possessor
|''tectyma''||''tectȳsia''
|-
!|1exc possessor
|''tectȳmmo''||''tectȳsimmo''
|-
!|1inc possessor
|''tectȳnt''||''tectȳsint''
|-
!|2pl possessor
|''tectȳcca''||''tectȳsicca''
|-
!|3pl possessor
|''tectymōr''||''tectȳsiōr''
|}
====Mass nouns====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''jenā'' 'water' (n.)
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
!  style="width: 100px;" | Collective
|-
! Indefinite
| ''jenā'' || ''jenenā''
|-
! Definite
| ''jenaȝes'' || ''jenenaȝes''
|}
==Adjectives==
The predicative form of an adjective is the indefinite singular form.
==Verbs==
The verbal system is one of the most complex aspects of {{PAGENAME}} grammar. A verb can take many affixes which are arranged in the following template:
#switch-reference marker
#applicative or derivational prefixes
#object prefix
#(prefix or reduplication for some TAMs)
#'''STEM'''
#voice suffix
#TAM + subject
#emphatic suffix ''-is''
Verbs often take an emphatic suffix or clitic ''-is'', which is more often used with affirmative statements than negative statements.
===Object markers===
*1sg: ''ni-''
*2sg: ''ri-''
*3sg: ''bi-''
*1pl.ex: ''mē-''
*1pl.ex: ''dē-''
*2pl: ''sē-''
*3pl: ''nē-''
===TAM + subject markers===
Thensarian verbs are conjugated in present, imperfect, preterite, future, perfect, and pluperfect tenses; indicative, subjunctive, optative and imperative moods; and active and passive voices.
*Consonant stems: (-y-)
*Vowel stems: -a-, -e-, -i-, -o/u-?
The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
*''cacsyn'''is''''' = I eat
*''nīs cacsyn'' = I do not eat
====Present====
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''nis''' || tore'''nis''' || cacsy'''nis'''
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''ris''' || tore'''ris''' || cacsy'''ris'''
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''mis''' || tore'''mis''' || cacsy'''mis'''
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''sis''' || tore'''sis''' || cacsy'''sis'''
|-
| 3SG.N || tussa'''s''' || tore'''s''' || cacs'''is'''
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''mēs''' || tore'''mēs''' || cacsy'''mēs'''
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''ntis''' || tore'''ntis''' || cacsy'''ntis'''
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''sces''' || tore'''sces''' || cacsy'''sces'''
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''tis''' || tore'''tis''' || cacsy'''tis'''
|}
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''n''' || nīs tore'''n''' || nīs cacsy'''n'''
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''r''' || nīs tore'''r''' || nīs cacsy'''r'''
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''m''' || nīs tore'''m''' || nīs cacsy'''m'''
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''si''' || nīs tore'''si''' || nīs cacsy'''si'''
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa || nīs tore || nīs cacsy
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''mē''' || nīs tore'''mē''' || nīs cacsy'''mē'''
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''nt''' || nīs tore'''nt''' || nīs cacsy'''nt'''
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''sce''' || nīs tore'''sce''' || nīs cacsy'''sce'''
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''t''' || nīs tore'''t''' || nīs cacsy'''t'''
|}
====Imperfect====
Uses reduplication:
*Stems beginning in a vowel uses the first vowel (shortened) + the first following consonant as the reduplicant
*Stems beginning in ħ- or ȝ- lengthen the first vowel
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I beg, pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || tetussa'''nis''' || tetore'''nis''' || cecacsy'''nis'''
|-
| 2SG || tetussa'''ris''' || tetore'''ris''' || cecacsy'''ris'''
|-
| 3SG.M || tetussa'''mis''' || tetore'''mis''' || cecacsy'''mis'''
|-
| 3SG.F || tetussa'''sis''' || tetore'''sis''' || cecacsy'''sis'''
|-
| 3SG.N || tetussa'''s''' || tetore'''s''' || cecacs'''is'''
|-
| 1EX || tetussa'''mēs''' || tetore'''mēs''' || cecacsy'''mēs'''
|-
| 1IN || tetussa'''ntis''' || tetore'''ntis''' || cecacsy'''ntis'''
|-
| 2PL || tetussa'''sces''' || tetore'''sces''' || cecacsy'''sces'''
|-
| 3PL || tetussa'''tis''' || tetore'''tis''' || cecacsy'''tis'''
|}
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || nīs tetussa'''n''' || nīs tetore'''n''' || nīs cecacsy'''n'''
|-
| 2SG || nīs tetussa'''r''' || nīs tetore'''r''' || nīs cecacsy'''r'''
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tetussa'''m''' || nīs tetore'''m''' || nīs cecacsy'''m'''
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tetussa'''si''' || nīs tetore'''si''' || nīs cecacsy'''sis'''
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tetussa || nīs tetore || nīs cecacsy
|-
| 1EX || nīs tetussa'''mē''' || nīs tetore'''mē''' || nīs cecacsy'''mē'''
|-
| 1IN || nīs tetussa'''nt''' || nīs tetore'''nt''' || nīs cecacsy'''nt'''
|-
| 2PL || nīs tetussa'''sce''' || nīs tetore'''sce''' || nīs cecacsy'''sce'''
|-
| 3PL || nīs tetussa'''t''' || nīs tetore'''t''' || nīs cecacsy'''t'''
|}
====Preterite====
Verbs whose stem terminates in a consonant - especially the ablauting verbs - may change the stem form in the preterite.
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I beg, pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''nnemis''' || tore'''nnemis''' || cē'''nnemis'''
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''rȳs''' || tore'''rȳs''' || cē'''rȳs'''
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''smis''' || tore'''smis''' || cē'''smis'''
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''stis''' || tore'''stis''' || cē'''stis'''
|-
| 3SG.N || tussa'''sos''' || tore'''sos''' || cē'''sos'''
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''meris''' || tore'''meris''' || cē'''meris'''
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''nteris''' || tore'''nteris''' || cē'''nteris'''
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''sceris''' || tore'''sceris''' || cē'''sceris'''
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''teris''' || tore'''teris''' || cē'''teris'''
|}
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''nnem''' || nīs tore'''nnem''' || nīs cē'''nnem'''
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''rȳ''' || nīs tore'''rȳ''' || nīs cē'''rȳ'''
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''smi''' || nīs tore'''smi''' || nīs cē'''smi'''
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''sti''' || nīs tore'''sti''' || nīs cē'''sti'''
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa'''so''' || nīs tore'''so''' || nīs cē'''so'''
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''mer''' || nīs tore'''mer''' || nīs cē'''mer'''
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''nter''' || nīs tore'''nter''' || nīs cē'''nter'''
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''scer''' || nīs tore'''scer''' || nīs cē'''scer'''
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''ter''' || nīs tore'''ter''' || nīs cē'''ter'''
|}
====Future====
Verbs whose stem terminates in a consonant may change the stem form in the future.
*''cs'' + ''t'' > '':st'' or ''cs''?
*''f'' + ''t'' > ''ct''
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''tēnis''' || tore'''tēnis''' || cac'''sēnis'''
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''tēris''' || tore'''tēris''' || cac'''sēris'''
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''tēmis''' || tore'''tēmis''' || cac'''sēmis'''
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''tēsis''' || tore'''tēsis''' || cac'''sēsis'''
|-
| 3SG.N || tussa'''tēs''' || tore'''tēs''' || cac'''sēs'''
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''tēmēs''' || tore'''tēmēs''' || cac'''sēmēs'''
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''tēntis''' || tore'''tēntis''' || cac'''sēntis'''
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''tēsces''' || tore'''tēsces''' || cac'''sēsces'''
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''tētis''' || tore'''tētis''' || cac'''sētis'''
|}
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''tēn''' || nīs tore'''tēn''' || nīs cac'''sēn'''
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''tēr''' || nīs tore'''tēr''' || nīs cac'''sēr'''
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''tēm''' || nīs tore'''tēm''' || nīs cac'''sēm'''
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''tēsi''' || nīs tore'''tēsi''' || nīs cac'''sēsi'''
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa'''tē''' || nīs tore'''tē''' || nīs cac'''sē'''
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''tēmē''' || nīs tore'''tēmē''' || nīs cac'''sēmē'''
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''tēnt''' || nīs tore'''tēnt''' || nīs cac'''sēnt'''
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''tēsce''' || nīs tore'''tēsce''' || nīs cac'''sēsce'''
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''tēt''' || nīs tore'''tēt''' || nīs cac'''sēt'''
|}
====Subjunctive====
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''naes''' || tore'''naes''' || cacsy'''naes'''
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''raes''' || tore'''raes''' || cacsy'''raes'''
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''mioris''' || tore'''mioris''' || cacsy'''mioris'''
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''sioris''' || tore'''sioris''' || cacs'''ysioris'''
|-
| 3SG.N || tuss'''oris''' || tor'''ioris''' || cacs'''ioris'''
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''maes''' || tore'''maes''' || cacsy'''maes'''
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''ntaes''' || tore'''ntaes''' || cacsy'''ntaes'''
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''scaes''' || tore'''scaes''' || cacsy'''scaes'''
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''tioris''' || tore'''tioris''' || cacsy'''tioris'''
|}
Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative ''δā''):
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || δā tussa'''nae''' || δā tore'''nae''' || δā cacsy'''nae'''
|-
| 2SG || δā tussa'''rae''' || δā tore'''rae''' || δā cacsy'''rae'''
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussa'''mior''' || δā tore'''mior''' || δā cacsy'''mior'''
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussa'''sior''' || δā tore'''sior''' || δā cacsy'''sior'''
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tuss'''or''' || δā tor'''ior''' || δā cacs'''ior'''
|-
| 1EX || δā tussa'''mae''' || δā tore'''mae''' || δā cacsy'''mae'''
|-
| 1IN || δā tussa'''ntae''' || δā tore'''ntae''' || δā cacsy'''ntae'''
|-
| 2PL || δā tussa'''scae''' || δā tore'''scae''' || δā cacsy'''scae'''
|-
| 3PL || δā tussa'''tior''' || δā tore'''tior''' || δā cacsy'''tior'''
|}
====Optative====
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || tussae'''donis''' || torē'''donis''' || cacsi'''donis'''
|-
| 2SG || tussae'''doris''' || torē'''doris''' || cacsi'''doris'''
|-
| 3SG.M || tussae'''domis''' || torē'''domis''' || cacsi'''domis'''
|-
| 3SG.F || tussae'''dosis''' || torē'''dosis''' || cacsi'''dosis'''
|-
| 3SG.N || tussae'''dos''' || torē'''dos''' || cacsi'''dos'''
|-
| 1EX || tussae'''domēs''' || torē'''domēs''' || cacsi'''domēs'''
|-
| 1IN || tussae'''dontis''' || torē'''dontis''' || cacsi'''dontis'''
|-
| 2PL || tussae'''dosces''' || torē'''dosces''' || cacsi'''dosces'''
|-
| 3PL || tussae'''dotis''' || torē'''dotis''' || cacsi'''dotis'''
|}
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || δā tussae'''don''' || δā torē'''don''' || δā cacsi'''don'''
|-
| 2SG || δā tussae'''dor''' || δā torē'''dor''' || δā cacsi'''dor'''
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussae'''dom''' || δā torē'''dom''' || δā cacsi'''dom'''
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussae'''dosi''' || δā torē'''dosi''' || δā cacsi'''dosi'''
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tussae'''do''' || δā torē'''do''' || δā cacsi'''do'''
|-
| 1EX || δā tussae'''domē''' || δā torē'''domē''' || δā cacsi'''domē'''
|-
| 1IN || δā tussae'''dont''' || δā torē'''dont''' || δā cacsi'''dont'''
|-
| 2PL || δā tussae'''dosce''' || δā torē'''dosce''' || δā cacsi'''dosce'''
|-
| 3PL || δā tussae'''dot''' || δā torē'''dot''' || δā cacsi'''dot'''
|}
====Imperative====
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I beg, pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 2SG || tuss'''ās'''! || tor'''ēs'''! || cacs'''ys'''!
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''ntēs!''' || tore'''ntēs'''! || cacsy'''ntēs'''!
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''scēs!''' || tore'''scēs'''! || cacs'''yscēs'''!
|}
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 2SG || δā tuss'''ā'''! || δā tor'''ē'''! || δā cacs'''y'''!
|-
| 1IN || δā tussa'''ntē!''' || δā tore'''ntē'''! || δā cacsy'''ntē'''!
|-
| 2PL || δā tussa'''scē!''' || δā tore'''scē'''! || δā cacsy'''scē'''!
|}
===Non-finite forms===
Thensarian has multiple infinitives and participles for each verb.
====First infinitive====
Formed with ''-s''
====Second infinitive====
Formed with ''-ācos''
====Third infinitive====
====Participles====
==Derivational morphology==
*''ar-, afor-'' = telic
*''fer-'' = nominalizer
*''ēs-'' = co-, together
*''-ro-'' = passive marker
*''-t-'' = a causative marker
==Numbers==
*1: ''cēmym''
*2: ''tiθōr''
*3: ''narge''
*4: ''δaobe''
*5: ''salithe''
*6: ''stāmym''
*7: ''rōde''
*8: ''lorede''
*9: ''barve''
*10: ''ħiōr''
*11: ''jācēmym''
*12: ''cnaesā''
[[Category:Thensarian]]

Latest revision as of 00:36, 24 June 2025

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