Verse:Mwtqwlqwj/Flei: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{list subpages}}
|creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]]
|name = {{SUBPAGENAME}}
|image =
|setting = [[Verse:Anachron]]
|nativename =
|pronunciation =
|region = Europe; North America
|states =
|speakers =
|date =
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|fam2=(stem-)Celtic
}}


'''Shemroghian''', natively ''thabbåthănå Šemrăghåkhănå'' (< PCel sindā tangwāts swemrogākā 'own region's language') is an Aramaic bogolang in the Celtic family.
'''Flei''' (exonym?) is the most morphologically conservative extant Akya-Woms language.


''πăraqliτ'' = advocate, attorney, etc.
Premise: What if a syllable-timed tonal language
 
* syncoped and became an Old Irish-esque liturgical language
''askolå, asτråτeghyå, ukhlusin''
* it develops a Tiberian Hebrew-like reading tradition which changes the original phonology a lot
 
* and gets revived from a secondary reading derived from that
borrow ''Mabinogion'' as ''Mabhnoghin''?
 
borrow -ium/-ion as -in: opsarion > uπsărin 'culinary fish', -in is also a diminutive which is used a lot
 
sP sT sq -> asP asT asq (skhole > askola)
 
change o to a? bodhi > badhi
 
== Phonology ==
Consonants: same as Aramaic but no pharyngeals and no ts and added emphatic p; emphatic stops written π τ (capital Ʈ) q.
 
v = bh
 
Coronal stops/spirants are dental.
 
Native words only use bgdkpt stops which lenite like in Aramaic; φ > h
 
Vowels: i e a å o u ă /i e æ A o u ä/
 
Stress shifts to ultimate stress, and then to the last non-ultimate non-shva syllable


Use for some sort of critique
== Morphology ==
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
Nouns have 3 genders (m, f, n), 2 numbers (sg, pl) and 3 cases (nom, gen, prep/dat), and also inflect for definiteness. The dative is used for indirect objects, and sometimes for prepositional objects. When a locative preposition can use both the dative and the accusative, the dative denotes being at the location and the nominative denotes motion towards the location.
Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.


turn pl acc to pl nom (happened to Irish definite articles)
The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".


The pl gen of nouns declines as an -o/-ā adjective.
article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
==== Possessive prefixes ====
===== Type 1 possession =====
Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''dependent'' form of the noun.
* sèmpèlàrán > sệplă-N 'body'
* hísèmpèlàrán > isplăr-N 'my body'
* lusèmpèlàrán > lùsplăr-N 'thy body'
* àsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (animate)
* ànsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (inanimate)
* láhisèmpèlàrán > lisplăr-N 'our body'
* númasèmpèlàrán > nosplăr-N 'your body'
* àlsèmpèlàrán > àlsplăr-N '3pl's body'


The definite article is ''hid-/hiC-'' (when not leniting) or ''hī'' (when leniting).
===== Type 2 posssession =====
==== -o stems ====
Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''independent'' form of the noun.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''map'' (m.) 'boy' (< {{recon|makkʷos}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''map''<br/>''mappăsen''||''mappun''<br/>''mappănun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''mappi''<br/>''mappăni''||''mappåkh''<br/>''mappănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''mappu''<br/>''mappănu''||''mappåbh''<br/>''mappănåbh''
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
=== Adjectives ===
|+ ''dun'' (n.) 'fort' (< {{recon|dūnom}})
Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''dun''<br/>''dunănen''||''dunå''<br/>''dunănå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''duni''<br/>''dunăni''||''dunåkh''<br/>''dunănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''dunu''<br/>''dunănu''||''dunåbh''<br/>''dunănåbh''
|}


==== -yo stems ====
=== Verbs ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes
|+ ''ári'' 'lion' (random semantic shift from {{recon|aryos}} 'noble one')
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''ári''<br/>''aryăsen''||''aryun''<br/>''aryănun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''aryi''<br/>''aryăni''||''aryåkh''<br/>''aryănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''aryu''<br/>''aryănu''||''aryåbh''<br/>''aryănåbh''
|}
 
==== -ā stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''breghå'' (f.) 'power, might' (< {{recon|brigā}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''breghå''<br/>''breghănå''||''breghån''<br/>''breghănån''
|-
!|Genitive
|''breghåh''<br/>''breghăsåh''||''breghåkh''<br/>''breghănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''breghe''<br/>''breghăne''||''breghåbh''<br/>''breghănåbh''
|}


==== -i stems ====
P{{PAGENAME}} rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs
Old m:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''knåm'' (m.) 'bone' (< {{recon|knāmis}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''knåm''<br/>''knåmăsen''||''knåmin''<br/>''knåmănun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''knåmeh''<br/>''knåmăsi''||''knåmekh''<br/>''knåmănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''knåmi''<br/>''knåmănu''||''knåmebh''<br/>''knåmănåbh''
|}


Old neuters:
productive redup
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
==== Inflection ====
|+ ''mor'' (n.) 'sea' (< {{recon|mori}})
Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers':
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
! Person  !! Primitive {{PAGENAME}} !! Underlying form !! {{PAGENAME}} surface form
|-
|-
!|Nominative
| 1SG || ''so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ''
|''mor''||''moryå''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
| 2SG || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ''
|''măreh''||''mărekh''
|-
|-
!|Dative
| 3SG || ''so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma''
|''mări''||''mărebh''
|}
 
==== -ī stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''bledhăni'' (f.) 'year' (< {{recon|blēdanī}})
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
| 1PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị''
|-
|-
!|Nominative
| 2PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm''
|''bledhăni''||''bledhănin''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
| 3PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr''
|''bledhanyåh''||''bledhănekh''
|-
!|Dative
|''bledhanye''||''bledhănebh''
|}
|}


==== -u-stems ====
[[Category:Angai]]
m/f:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''dăréseτ'' (m.) 'door' (< {{recon|dworestus}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''dăréseτ''||''dărisτun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''dărisτoh''||''dărisτåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''dărisτu''||''dărisτåbh''
|}
neuter:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''eydh'' (n.) 'fire' (< {{recon|aidu}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''eydh''||''eydhå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''eydhoh''||''eydhåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''eydhu''||''eydhåbh''
|}
 
==== Consonant stems ====
some rethematize to ā feminines
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''minå'' (f.) 'month' (< {{recon|mīns}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''minå''||''minån''
|-
!|Genitive
|''minåh''||''minåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''mine''||''minåbh''
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''kahăru'' (f.) 'sheep' (< {{recon|kaφerūxs}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''kahăru''||''kahăråkhån''
|-
!|Genitive
|''kahăråkh''||''kahăråkhåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''kahăråkh''||''kahăråkhåbh''
|}
 
=== Adjectives ===
similar to nouns, but gen pl uses the original PCel ending
==== -o/-ā stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''bån'' 'white' (< {{recon|bānos}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|''bån''||''bånå''||''bån''||''bånun''||''bånån''||''bånå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''båni''||''bånåh''||''båni''||colspan=3|''bån''
|-
!|Dative
|''bånu''||''båne''||''bånu''||colspan=3|''bånåbh''
|}
==== -yo/-yā stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''bódhi'' 'yellow' (< {{recon|bodyos}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|''bódhi''||''bodhyå''||''bódhi''||''bodhyun''||''bodhyån''||''bodhyå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''bodhyi''||''bodhyåh''||''bodhyi''||colspan=3|''bódhi''
|-
!|Dative
|''bodhyu''||''bodhye''||''bodhyu''||colspan=3|''bodhyåbh''
|}
==== -i/-ī stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''math'' 'good' (< {{recon|matis}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|''math''||''măthi''||''math''||colspan=3|''măthin''
|-
!|Genitive
|''mătheh''||''mathyåh''||''mătheh''||colspan=3|''mathi''
|-
!|Dative
|''măthi''||''mathye''||''măthi''||colspan=3|''măthebh''
|}
==== -u stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''dobh'' 'black' (< {{recon|dubus}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|colspan=3|''dobh''||colspan=3|''dăbhun''
|-
!|Genitive
|colspan=3|''dăbhoh''||colspan=3|''dobh''
|-
!|Dative
|colspan=3|''dăbhu''||colspan=3|''dăbhåbh''
|}
 
=== Verbs ===
similar to Irish tenses with no compound tenses
* present: mārām, mārāsi, mārāti, mārāmu, mārāte, mārānti, mārātor -> måri, måråh, mårå, mårån, måråth, mårant/måratt, måråthor -> måri mi, måråh tu, måre/måri, mårån nih, måråth ših, måratt eh, mårăthor
* preterite
* future
* imperfect
* conditional
* imperative
== Syntax ==
SVO; mainly JBA features
 
[[Category:Celtic languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]]

Latest revision as of 01:26, 3 July 2025

In this versespace:

Verse talk:

Flei (exonym?) is the most morphologically conservative extant Akya-Woms language.

Premise: What if a syllable-timed tonal language

  • syncoped and became an Old Irish-esque liturgical language
  • it develops a Tiberian Hebrew-like reading tradition which changes the original phonology a lot
  • and gets revived from a secondary reading derived from that

Use for some sort of critique

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.

The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".

article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)

Possessive prefixes

Type 1 possession

Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the dependent form of the noun.

  • sèmpèlàrán > sệplă-N 'body'
  • hísèmpèlàrán > isplăr-N 'my body'
  • lusèmpèlàrán > lùsplăr-N 'thy body'
  • àsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (animate)
  • ànsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (inanimate)
  • láhisèmpèlàrán > lisplăr-N 'our body'
  • númasèmpèlàrán > nosplăr-N 'your body'
  • àlsèmpèlàrán > àlsplăr-N '3pl's body'
Type 2 posssession

Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the independent form of the noun.

Adjectives

Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)

Verbs

Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes

PMwtqwlqwj/Flei rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs

productive redup

Inflection

Present tense forms of să·kumʰa '3sg remembers':

Person Primitive Mwtqwlqwj/Flei Underlying form Mwtqwlqwj/Flei surface form
1SG so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í) să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ
2SG so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u) să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ
3SG so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba să·kumʰa, ·sủmma
1PL so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị
2PL so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm
3PL so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr
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