Module:etymology languages/data: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "local m = {} -- Albanian varieties m["aln"] = { canonicalName = "Gheg Albanian", aliases = {"Gheg"}, parent = "sq", wikidata_item = 181037, } m["aae"] = { canonicalN...")
 
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Line 1: Line 1:
local m_langdata = require("Module:languages/data")
-- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data).
local function u(...)
u = require("Module:string utilities").char
return u(...)
end
local c = m_langdata.chars
local p = m_langdata.puaChars
local s = m_langdata.shared
local m = {}
local m = {}


-- Ainu varieties
m["ain-hok"] = {
"Hokkaido Ainu",
20968488,
"ain",
aliases = {"Hokkaidō Ainu"},
}
m["ain-kur"] = {
"Kuril Ainu",
20967012,
"ain",
}
m["ain-sak"] = {
"Sakhalin Ainu",
20747371,
"ain",
}
-- Akan varieties
m["tw"] = {
"Twi Akan",
36850,
"ak",
aliases = {"Twi"},
}
m["tw-abr"] = {
"Bono Twi",
34831,
"tw",
aliases = {"Bono", "Abron", "Brong"},
}
m["tw-asa"] = {
"Asante Twi",
19261685,
"tw",
aliases = {"Asante", "Ashanti", "Ashante"},
}
m["tw-aku"] = {
"Akuapem Twi",
31150449,
"tw",
aliases = {"Akuapem", "Akuapim", "Akwapem Twi", "Akwapi"},
}
m["fat"] = {
"Fante Akan",
35570,
"ak",
aliases = {"Fante", "Fanti", "Fantse", "Mfantse"},
}


-- Albanian varieties
-- Albanian varieties


m["aln"] = {
m["aln"] = {
canonicalName = "Gheg Albanian",
"Gheg Albanian",
181037,
"sq",
aliases = {"Gheg"},
aliases = {"Gheg"},
parent = "sq",
wikidata_item = 181037,
}
}


m["aae"] = {
m["aae"] = {
canonicalName = "Arbëresh Albanian",
"Arbëresh Albanian",
1075302,
"als",
aliases = {"Arbëreshë", "Arbëresh"},
aliases = {"Arbëreshë", "Arbëresh"},
parent = "sq",
wikidata_item = 1075302,
}
}


m["aat"] = {
m["aat"] = {
canonicalName = "Arvanitika Albanian",
"Arvanitika Albanian",
29347,
"als",
aliases = {"Arvanitika"},
aliases = {"Arvanitika"},
parent = "sq",
wikidata_item = 29347,
}
}


m["als"] = {
m["als"] = {
canonicalName = "Tosk Albanian",
"Tosk Albanian",
180937,
"sq",
aliases = {"Tosk"},
aliases = {"Tosk"},
parent = "sq",
wikidata_item = 180937,
}
}


Line 36: Line 104:


m["bnt-cmn"] = {
m["bnt-cmn"] = {
canonicalName = "Common Bantu",
"Common Bantu",
parent = "bnt-pro",
nil,
"bnt-pro",
}
}


Line 45: Line 114:


m["akk-old"] = {
m["akk-old"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Akkadian",
"Old Akkadian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
}


m["akk-obb"] = {
m["akk-obb"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Babylonian",
"Old Babylonian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
}


m["akk-oas"] = {
m["akk-oas"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Assyrian",
"Old Assyrian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
}


m["akk-mbb"] = {
m["akk-mbb"] = {
canonicalName = "Middle Babylonian",
"Middle Babylonian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
}


m["akk-mas"] = {
m["akk-mas"] = {
canonicalName = "Middle Assyrian",
"Middle Assyrian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
}


m["akk-nbb"] = {
m["akk-nbb"] = {
canonicalName = "Neo-Babylonian",
"Neo-Babylonian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
}


m["akk-nas"] = {
m["akk-nas"] = {
canonicalName = "Neo-Assyrian",
"Neo-Assyrian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
}


m["akk-lbb"] = {
m["akk-lbb"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Babylonian",
"Late Babylonian",
parent = "akk",
nil,
"akk",
}
 
m["akk-stb"] = {
"Standard Babylonian",
nil,
"akk",
}
 
-- Arabic varieties
 
m["jrb"] = {
"Judeo-Arabic",
37733,
"ar",
}
}


Line 87: Line 178:


m["arc-bib"] = {
m["arc-bib"] = {
canonicalName = "Biblical Aramaic",
"Biblical Aramaic",
parent = "arc",
843235,
wikidata_item = 843235,
"arc",
family = "sem-are",
}
}


m["arc-cpa"] = {
m["arc-cpa"] = {
canonicalName = "Christian Palestinian Aramaic",
"Christian Palestinian Aramaic",
60790119,
"arc",
family = "sem-arw",
aliases = {"Melkite Aramaic", "Palestinian Syriac", "Syropalestinian Aramaic"},
aliases = {"Melkite Aramaic", "Palestinian Syriac", "Syropalestinian Aramaic"},
parent = "arc",
wikidata_item = 60790119,
}
}


m["arc-imp"] = {
m["arc-imp"] = {
canonicalName = "Imperial Aramaic",
"Imperial Aramaic",
7079491,
"arc",
aliases = {"Official Aramaic"},
aliases = {"Official Aramaic"},
parent = "arc",
wikidata_item = 7079491,
}
}


m["arc-hat"] = {
m["arc-hat"] = {
canonicalName = "Hatran Aramaic",
"Hatran Aramaic",
parent = "arc",
3832926,
wikidata_item = 3832926,
"arc",
family = "sem-are",
}
}


m["arc-jla"] = {
m["arc-jla"] = {
canonicalName = "Jewish Literary Aramaic",
"Jewish Literary Aramaic",
parent = "arc",
105952842,
wikidata_item = 105952842,
"arc",
}
}


m["arc-nab"] = {
m["arc-nab"] = {
canonicalName = "Nabataean Aramaic",
"Nabataean Aramaic",
parent = "arc",
36178,
wikidata_item = 36178,
"arc",
}
}


m["arc-old"] = {
m["arc-old"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Aramaic",
"Old Aramaic",
parent = "arc",
3398392,
wikidata_item = 3398392,
"arc",
}
}


m["arc-pal"] = {
m["arc-pal"] = {
canonicalName = "Palmyrene Aramaic",
"Palmyrene Aramaic",
parent = "arc",
1510113,
wikidata_item = 1510113,
"arc",
family = "sem-arw",
}
}


m["tmr"] = {
m["tmr"] = {
canonicalName = "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic",
"Jewish Babylonian Aramaic",
parent = "arc",
33407,
wikidata_item = 33407,
"arc",
family = "sem-ase",
}
}


m["jpa"] = {
m["jpa"] = {
canonicalName = "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic",
"Jewish Palestinian Aramaic",
948909,
"arc",
family = "sem-arw",
aliases = {"Galilean Aramaic"},
aliases = {"Galilean Aramaic"},
parent = "arc",
wikidata_item = 948909,
}
}


-- Catalan varieties
-- Berber varieties
 
m["shi-med"] = {
"Medieval Tashelhit",
34152,
"shi",
}
 
-- Catalan varieties


m["ca-val"] = {
m["ca-val"] = {
canonicalName = "Valencian",
"Valencian",
parent = "ca",
32641,
wikidata_item = 32641,
"ca",
}
}


Line 160: Line 265:


m["ncb-cam"] = {
m["ncb-cam"] = {
canonicalName = "Camorta",
"Camorta",
5026908,
"ncb",
aliases = {"Kamorta"},
aliases = {"Kamorta"},
parent = "ncb",
wikidata_item = 5026908,
}
}


m["ncb-kat"] = {
m["ncb-kat"] = {
canonicalName = "Katchal",
"Katchal",
17064263,
"ncb",
aliases = {"Tehnu"},
aliases = {"Tehnu"},
parent = "ncb",
wikidata_item = 17064263,
}
}


m["ncb-nan"] = {
m["ncb-nan"] = {
canonicalName = "Nancowry",
"Nancowry",
6962504,
"ncb",
aliases = {"Nankwari"},
aliases = {"Nankwari"},
parent = "ncb",
wikidata_item = 6962504,
}
}


-- Chinese varieties
-----------------------------------------------------
--                Chinese varieties               --
-----------------------------------------------------
 
------------- Old Chinese, Middle Chinese -------------


m["och-ear"] = {
m["och-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Old Chinese",
"Early Old Chinese",
parent = "och",
nil,
"och",
}
}


m["och-lat"] = {
m["och-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Old Chinese",
"Late Old Chinese",
parent = "och",
nil,
"och",
}
}


m["ltc-ear"] = {
m["ltc-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Middle Chinese",
"Early Middle Chinese",
parent = "ltc",
nil,
"ltc",
}
}


m["ltc-lat"] = {
m["ltc-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Middle Chinese",
"Late Middle Chinese",
parent = "ltc",
nil,
"ltc",
}
}


m["cmn-ear"] = {
------------- Classical/Literary varieties -------------
canonicalName = "Early Mandarin",
parent = "cmn",
}


m["wuu-sha"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Shanghainese",
m["lzh-shi"] = {
parent = "wuu",
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
wikidata_item = 36718,
1759242,
"lzh",
}
}


m["hsn-old"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Old Xiang",
m["lzh-cii"] = {
aliases = {"Lou-Shao"},
"Ci",
parent = "hsn",
1091366,
wikidata_item = 7085453,
"lzh",
}
}


m["zhx-pin"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Pinghua",
m["lzh-yue"] = {
parent = "yue",
"Classical Cantonese",
wikidata_item = 2735715,
nil,
"lzh",
}
}


m["nan-hai"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Hainanese",
m["lzh-cmn"] = {
parent = "nan",
"Classical Mandarin",
wikidata_item = 934541,
nil,
"lzh",
}
}


m["nan-hok"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Hokkien",
m["lzh-tai"] = {
parent = "nan",
"Classical Taishanese",
wikidata_item = 1624231,
nil,
"lzh",
}
}


m["nan-xm"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Amoy",
m["lzh-cmn-TW"] = {
aliases = {"Xiamenese"},
"Classical Taiwanese Mandarin",
parent = "nan-hok",
nil,
wikidata_item = 68744,
"lzh-cmn",
}
}


m["nan-zz"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Zhangzhou Hokkien",
m["lzh-VI"] = {
parent = "nan-hok",
"Vietnamese Classical Chinese",
17034227,
"lzh",
}
}


m["nan-qz"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Quanzhou Hokkien",
m["lzh-KO"] = {
parent = "nan-hok",
"Korean Classical Chinese",
10496257,
"lzh",
ietf_subtag = "lzh-KR" -- KR = South Korea, as there is no code for Korea as a whole
}
}


m["nan-jj"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Jinjiang Hokkien",
m["lzh-lit"] = {
parent = "nan-qz",
"Literary Chinese",
nil,
"lzh",
}
}


m["nan-ph"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: Do we need this? How does it differ from Old Chinese?
canonicalName = "Philippine Hokkien",
m["lzh-pre"] = {
parent = "nan-jj",
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
wikidata_item = 3236692,
nil,
"lzh",
}
}


-- Coptic varieties
------------- Written Vernacular varieties -------------


m["cop-akh"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Akhmimic Coptic",
m["cmn-wvc"] = {
aliases = {"Akhmimic"},
"Written vernacular Mandarin",
parent = "cop",
783605,
"cmn",
}
}


m["cop-boh"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Literary Cantonese"?
canonicalName = "Bohairic Coptic",
m["yue-wvc"] = {
aliases = {"Bohairic", "Memphitic Coptic", "Memphitic"},
"Written vernacular Cantonese",
parent = "cop",
nil,
wikidata_item = 890733,
"yue",
}
}


m["cop-ggg"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Coptic Dialect G",
m["zhx-tai-wvc"] = {
aliases = {"Dialect G", "Mansuric Coptic", "Mansuric"},
"Written vernacular Taishanese",
parent = "cop",
nil,
"zhx-tai",
}
}


m["cop-jjj"] = {
------------- Mandarin varieties -------------
canonicalName = "Coptic Dialect J",
 
parent = "cop",
-- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List assigns the "w:Beijing dialect" (Wikidata 1147606) the code "cmn-bej" and
-- the larger "w:Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)" dialect group (Wikidata 2169652; what we call "Beijingic
-- Mandarin", after Glottolog) the code "cmn-bei".
m["cmn-bei"] = {
"Beijing Mandarin",
1147606,
"cmn-bec",
}
}


m["cop-kkk"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Coptic Dialect K",
m["cmn-bec"] = {
parent = "cop",
"Beijingic Mandarin",
2169652,
"cmn",
}
}


m["cop-ppp"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List uses the code cmn-zho.
canonicalName = "Coptic Dialect P",
m["cmn-cep"] = {
aliases = {"Proto-Theban Coptic", "Palaeo-Theban Coptic"},
"Central Plains Mandarin",
parent = "cop",
3048775,
"cmn",
aliases = {"Zhongyuan Mandarin"},
}
}


m["cop-fay"] = {
m["cmn-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Fayyumic Coptic",
"Early Mandarin",
aliases = {"Fayyumic", "Faiyumic Coptic", "Faiyumic", "Fayumic Coptic", "Fayumic",
837169,
"Bashmuric Coptic", "Bashmuric"},
"cmn",
parent = "cop",
ancestors = "ltc",
wikidata_item = 1399115,
}
}


m["cop-her"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Hermopolitan Coptic",
m["cmn-gua"] = {
aliases = {"Hermopolitan", "Coptic Dialect H", "Ashmuninic", "Ashmuninic Coptic"},
"Guanzhong Mandarin",
parent = "cop",
3431648,
"cmn-cep",
}
}


m["cop-lyc"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Guiliu Mandarin, which in turn is a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin.
canonicalName = "Lycopolitan Coptic",
m["cmn-gui"] = {
aliases = {
"Guilin Mandarin",
"Lycopolitan",
11111636,
"Assiutic Coptic", "Asyutic Coptic", "Assiutic", "Asyutic",
"cmn-sow",
"Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic", "Lyco-Diospolitan",
"Subakhmimic Coptic", "Subakhmimic"
},
parent = "cop",
}
}


m["cop-old"] = {
m["cmn-jhu"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Coptic",
"Jianghuai Mandarin",
parent = "cop",
2128953,
"cmn",
aliases = {"Lower Yangtze Mandarin"},
}
}


m["cop-oxy"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Oxyrhynchite Coptic",
m["cmn-lan"] = {
aliases = {"Oxyrhynchite", "Mesokemic Coptic", "Mesokemic", "Middle Egyptian Coptic"},
"Lanyin Mandarin",
parent = "cop",
662754,
"cmn",
}
}


m["cop-ply"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic",
m["cmn-MY"] = {
aliases = {"Coptic Dialect i", "Proto-Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic"},
"Malaysian Mandarin",
parent = "cop",
13646143,
"cmn",
}
}


m["cop-sah"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Sahidic Coptic",
m["cmn-nan"] = {
aliases = {"Sahidic", "Saidic Coptic", "Saidic", "Thebaic Coptic", "Thebaic"},
"Nanjing Mandarin",
parent = "cop",
2681098,
wikidata_item = 2645851,
"cmn-jhu",
}
}


-- Egyptian varieties
-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-noe"] = {
"Northeastern Mandarin",
1064504,
"cmn",
}


m["egy-old"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Old Egyptian",
m["cmn-PH"] = {
parent = "egy",
"Philippine Mandarin",
wikidata_item = 447117,
7185155,
"cmn",
}
}


m["egy-mid"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Middle Egyptian",
m["cmn-SG"] = {
aliases = {"Classical Egyptian"},
"Singapore Mandarin",
parent = "egy",
1048980,
wikidata_item = 657330,
"cmn",
}
}


m["egy-nmi"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Neo-Middle Egyptian",
m["cmn-sow"] = {
aliases = {"Égyptien de tradition", "Traditional Egyptian"},
"Southwestern Mandarin",
parent = "egy",
2609239,
"cmn",
}
}


m["egy-lat"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Jilu Mandarin.
canonicalName = "Late Egyptian",
m["cmn-tia"] = {
parent = "egy",
"Tianjin Mandarin",
wikidata_item = 1852329,
7800220,
"cmn",
}
}


-- Elamite varieties
-- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: Wikidata also has Q4380827 "Taiwanese Mandarin", defined as "rare dialect of Standard Chinese
 
-- (Mandarin) used in Taiwan, which is strongly influenced by Taiwanese Hokkien; mostly used by elderlies" and having no
m["elx-old"] = {
-- English Wikipedia article (but see w:zh:臺灣國語).
canonicalName = "Old Elamite",
m["cmn-TW"] = {
parent = "elx",
"Taiwanese Mandarin",
262828,
"cmn",
}
}


m["elx-mid"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Wu-Tian Mandarin, in turn a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin.
canonicalName = "Middle Elamite",
-- Given the code cmn-xwu in the Linguist List.
parent = "elx",
m["cmn-wuh"] = {
"Wuhan Mandarin",
11124731,
"cmn-sow",
aliases = {"Wuhanese"},
}
}


m["elx-neo"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Lanyin Mandarin.
canonicalName = "Neo-Elamite",
m["cmn-xin"] = {
parent = "elx",
"Xining Mandarin",
nil,
"cmn-lan",
}
}


m["elx-ach"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Achaemenid Elamite",
m["cmn-yan"] = {
parent = "elx",
"Yangzhou Mandarin",
nil,
"cmn-jhu",
}
}


-- English, Scots and Old English varieties
------------- Cantonese varieties -------------


m["en-GB"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "British English",
m["yue-gua"] = {
parent = "en",
"Guangzhou Cantonese",
wikidata_item = 7979,
nil,
"yue",
}
}
m["British English"] = m["en-GB"]
m["BE."] = m["en-GB"]


m["en-US"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Given the codes yue-yue or yue-can in the Linguist List.
canonicalName = "American English",
m["yue-HK"] = {
parent = "en",
"Hong Kong Cantonese",
wikidata_item = 7976,
5894342,
"yue",
}
}
m["American English"] = m["en-US"]
m["AE."] = m["en-US"]


m["en-geo"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Written vernacular Cantonese"?
canonicalName = "Geordie English",
m["yue-lit"] = {
parent = "en",
"Literary Cantonese",
2472605,
"yue",
}
}


-- Scots varieties
------------- Wu varieties -------------


m["sco-osc"] = {
m["wuu-han"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Scots",
"Hangzhounese",
parent = "enm",
5648144,
wikidata_item = 5326738,
"wuu",
}
}
m["Early Scots"] = m["sco-osc"]
m["Old Scots"] = m["sco-osc"]
m["O.Sc."] = m["sco-osc"]


m["sco-smi"] = {
m["wuu-nin"] = {
canonicalName = "Middle Scots",
"Ningbonese",
parent = "sco-osc",
3972199,
wikidata_item = 3327000,
"wuu",
}
}
m["Middle Scots"] = m["sco-smi"]
m["Mid.Sc."] = m["sco-smi"]


m["sco-ins"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Insular Scots",
m["wuu-nor"] = {
parent = "sco",
"Northern Wu",
wikidata_item = 16919205,
7675988,
"wuu",
aliases = {"Taihu Wu"},
}
}
m["Insular Scots"] = m["sco-ins"]
m["Ins.Sc."] = m["sco-ins"]


m["sco-uls"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary? Subvariety of Taihu Wu. NOTE: "chm" stands for Chongming, the main dialect, to avoid a conflict
canonicalName = "Ulster Scots",
-- with Shanghainese.
parent = "sco",
m["wuu-chm"] = {
wikidata_item = 201966,
"Shadi Wu",
6112340,
"wuu-nor",
}
}
m["Ulster Scots"] = m["sco-uls"]
m["Uls.Sc."] = m["sco-uls"]


m["sco-nor"] = {
m["wuu-sha"] = {
canonicalName = "Northern Scots",
"Shanghainese",
parent = "sco",
36718,
wikidata_item = 16928150,
"wuu-nor",
}
}
m["Northern Scots"] = m["sco-nor"]
m["Nor.Sc."] = m["sco-nor"]


m["sco-sou"] = {
m["wuu-suz"] = {
canonicalName = "South Scots",
"Suzhounese",
parent = "sco",
831744,
wikidata_item = 7570457,
"wuu-nor",
}
}
m["Southern Scots"] = m["sco-sou"]
m["Borders Scots"] = m["sco-sou"]
m["Sou.Sc."] = m["sco-sou"]


-- Middle English varieties
-- FIXME: Temporary. May be converted into a full language and/or split.
m["enm-nor"] = {
m["wuu-wen"] = {
canonicalName = "Northern Middle English",
"Wenzhounese",
aliases = {"Northumbrian Middle English"},
710218,
parent = "enm",
"wuu",
}
}


-- Old English varieties
------------- Xiang varieties -------------


-- Includes both Mercian and Northumbrian.
m["hsn-lou"] = {
m["ang-ang"] = {
"Loudi Xiang",
canonicalName = "Anglian Old English",
10943823,
parent = "ang",
"hsn-old",
}
}


m["ang-mer"] = {
m["hsn-hya"] = {
canonicalName = "Mercian Old English",
"Hengyang Xiang",
parent = "ang",
20689035,
"hsn-hzh",
}
}


m["ang-nor"] = {
m["hsn-hzh"] = {
canonicalName = "Northumbrian Old English",
"Hengzhou Xiang",
parent = "ang",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1798915,
"hsn",
}
}


--[[
m["hsn-new"] = {
m["ang-wsx"] = {
"New Xiang",
canonicalName = "West Saxon Old English",
7012696,
parent = "ang",
"hsn",
aliases = {"Chang-Yi"},
}
}
]]


m["hsn-old"] = {
"Old Xiang",
7085453,
"hsn",
aliases = {"Lou-Shao"},
}


-- French and Norman varieties
------------- Hakka varieties -------------


m["fro-nor"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Old Northern French",
m["hak-dab"] = {
aliases = {"Old Norman", "Old Norman French"},
"Dabu Hakka",
parent = "fro",
19855566,
wikidata_item = 2044917,
"hak", -- formerly hak-TW but seems to be spoken primary in Dabu County in Guangdong
}
}
m["Old Northern French"] = m["fro-nor"]
m["ONF."] = m["fro-nor"]


m["fro-pic"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Picard Old French",
m["hak-eam"] = {
parent = "fro",
"Early Modern Hakka",
nil,
"hak",
}
}


m["xno"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Anglo-Norman",
m["hak-hai"] = {
parent = "fro",
"Hailu Hakka",
wikidata_item = 35214,
17038519,
"hak", -- often considered a Taiwanese lect but also spoken in [[Shanwei]], [[Guangdong]]
}
}


m["fr-CA"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Canadian French",
m["hak-HK"] = {
parent = "fr",
"Hong Kong Hakka",
wikidata_item = 1450506,
2675834,
"hak",
}
}
m["Canadian French"] = m["fr-CA"]
m["CF."] = m["fr-CA"]


m["fr-CH"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Switzerland French",
m["hak-hui"] = {
parent = "fr",
"Huiyang Hakka",
wikidata_item = 1480152,
16873881,
"hak",
}
}
m["Swiss French"] = m["fr-CH"]
m["Switzerland French"] = m["fr-CH"]


m["fr-aca"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Acadian French",
m["hak-hui-MY"] = {
parent = "fr",
"Malaysian Huiyang Hakka",
wikidata_item = 415109,
nil,
"hak-hui",
}
}
m["Acadian French"] = m["fr-aca"]
m["fra-aca"] = m["fr-aca"]


m["frc"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Similar to and possibly the parent of Sixian Hakka in Taiwan.
canonicalName = "Cajun French",
m["hak-mei"] = {
aliases = {"Louisiana French"},
"Meixian Hakka",
parent = "fr",
839295,
wikidata_item = 880301,
"hak",
aliases = {"Moiyan Hakka", "Meizhou Hakka"},
}
}


-- Norman varieties
-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-six"] = {
"Sixian Hakka",
9668261,
"hak-TW",
}


m["roa-grn"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Guernsey Norman",
m["hak-TW"] = {
aliases = {"Guernsey"},
"Taiwanese Hakka",
parent = "nrf",
2391532,
wikidata_item = 56428,
"hak",
}
}
m["nrf-grn"] = m["roa-grn"]


m["roa-jer"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary.
canonicalName = "Jersey Norman",
m["hak-zha"] = {
aliases = {"Jersey"},
"Zhao'an Hakka",
parent = "nrf",
6703311,
wikidata_item = 56430,
"hak",
aliases = {"Zhangzhou Hakka"},
}
}
m["nrf-jer"] = m["roa-jer"]


-- Brythonic
-- Southern Min varieties --


m["bry-ear"] = {
m["nan-anx"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Brythonic",
"Anxi Hokkien",
parent = "cel-bry-pro",
97064149,
"nan-qua",
}
}


m["bry-lat"] = {
m["nan-cha"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Brythonic",
"Changtai Hokkien",
parent = "cel-bry-pro",
nil,
"nan-zha",
}
}


-- Gaulish
m["nan-hou"] = {
"Houlu Min",
19855492,
"nan-dat",
}


m["xcg"] = {
m["nan-hui"] = {
canonicalName = "Cisalpine Gaulish",
"Hui'an Hokkien",
parent = "cel-gau",
16241797,
wikidata_item = 3832927,
"nan-qua",
}
}


m["xtg"] = {
m["nan-jin"] = {
canonicalName = "Transalpine Gaulish",
"Jinjiang Hokkien",
parent = "cel-gau",
11089375,
wikidata_item = 29977,
"nan-qua",
}
}


-- Portuguese varieties
m["nan-kin"] = {
"Kinmenese Hokkien",
56278342,
"nan-xia",
aliases = {"Kinmen Hokkien"},
}


m["pt-BR"] = {
m["nan-med"] = {
canonicalName = "Brazilian Portuguese",
"Medan Hokkien",
parent = "pt",
6805114,
wikidata_item = 750553
"nan-zha",
}
}


-- Spanish varieties
m["nan-pen"] = {
"Penang Hokkien",
11120689,
"nan-zha",
}


m["es-AR"] = {
m["nan-hbl-PH"] = {
    canonicalName = "Rioplatense Spanish",
"Philippine Hokkien",
    parent = "es",
3236692,
    wikidata_item = 509780,
"nan-qua",
}
}


m["es-MX"] = {
m["nan-qia"] = {
    canonicalName = "Mexican Spanish",
"Qianlu Min",
    parent = "es",
19842517,
    wikidata_item = 616620,
"nan-dat",
}
}


m["es-US"] = {
m["nan-qua"] = {
    canonicalName = "United States Spanish",
"Quanzhou Hokkien",
    aliases = {"US Spanish"},
2251677,
    parent = "es",
"nan-hbl",
    wikidata_item = 2301077,
aliases = {"Chinchew", "Choanchew"},
}
}
--use label "US Spanish" to put Spanish terms in this category


m["es-PR"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary? Derived from both Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien.
    canonicalName = "Puerto Rican Spanish",
m["nan-hbl-SG"] = {
    parent = "es",
"Singapore Hokkien",
    wikidata_item = 7258609
3846528,
"nan-hbl",
}
}


-- Germanic varieties
m["nan-spm"] = {
-- (modern) German varieties
"Southern Malaysian Hokkien",
7570322,
"nan-qua",
aliases = {"Southern Malaysia Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Hokkien"}
}


m["de-AT"] = {
m["nan-hbl-TW"] = {
canonicalName = "Austrian German",
"Taiwanese Hokkien",
parent = "de",
36778,
wikidata_item = 306626,
"nan-hbl",
}
}
m["Austrian German"] = m["de-AT"]
m["AG."] = m["de-AT"]


m["de-AT-vie"] = {
m["nan-ton"] = {
canonicalName = "Viennese German",
"Tong'an Hokkien",
parent = "de-AT",
nil,
wikidata_item = 56474,
"nan-xia",
}
}
m["Viennese German"] = m["de-AT-vie"]
m["VG."] = m["de-AT-vie"]


m["de-CH"] = {
m["nan-xia"] = {
canonicalName = "Swiss High German",
"Xiamen Hokkien",
aliases = {"Schweizer Hochdeutsch", "Swiss Standard German"},
68744,
parent = "de",
"nan-hbl",
wikidata_item = 1366643,
aliases = {"Amoy", "Amoyese", "Amoynese", "Xiamenese"},
}
}


m["ksh"] = {
m["nan-yon"] = {
canonicalName = "Kölsch",
"Yongchun Hokkien",
parent = "gmw-cfr",
65118728,
wikidata_item = 4624,
"nan-qua",
}
}
m["Kölsch"] = m["ksh"]


m["pfl"] = {
m["nan-zha"] = {
canonicalName = "Palatine German",
"Zhangzhou Hokkien",
aliases = {"Pfälzisch", "Pälzisch", "Palatinate German"},
8070492,
parent = "gmw-rfr",
"nan-hbl",
wikidata_item = 23014,
aliases = {"Changchew", "Chiangchew", "Changchow"},
}
}


m["sli"] = {
m["nan-zho"] = {
canonicalName = "Silesian German",
"Zhao'an Hokkien",
aliases = {"Silesian"},
65118728,
parent = "gmw-ecg",
"nan-zha",
wikidata_item = 152965,
aliases = {"Zhao'an", "Chawan", "Chawan Hokkien"},
}
}


m["sxu"] = {
m["nan-zhp"] = {
canonicalName = "Upper Saxon",
"Zhangping Hokkien",
parent = "gmw-ecg",
15937822,
wikidata_item = 699284,
"nan-zha",
}
}


-- Old High German varieties
------------- Other Min varieties -------------


m["lng"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Min uncertain; some combination of Eastern and Southern.
canonicalName = "Lombardic",
m["zhx-zho"] = {
parent = "goh",
"Zhongshan Min",
wikidata_item = 35972,
8070958,
"zh",
}
}
m["Lombardic"] = m["lng"]
m["goh-lng"] = m["lng"]


-- Proto-West Germanic varieties
------------- Other Chinese varieties -------------


m["frk"] = {
-- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Chinese uncertain; possibly Yue.
canonicalName = "Frankish",
m["zhx-dan"] = {
aliases = {"Old Frankish"},
"Danzhou Chinese",
parent = "gmw-pro",
2578935,
wikidata_item = 10860505,
"zh",
}
}


-- Old Norse varieties
------------- Chinese romanization varieties -------------
 
-- [[Wiktionary:Information desk/2022/June#Etymology Coding Issue]]
-- [[Wiktionary:Grease pit/2022/June#Transliteration Systems in Etymologies 2]]


m["non-oen"] = {
m["cmn-pinyin"] = {
canonicalName = "Old East Norse",
"Hanyu Pinyin",
parent = "non",
42222,
wikidata_item = 10498031,
"cmn",
aliases = {"Pinyin"},
}
}


m["non-ogt"] = {
m["cmn-tongyong"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Gutnish",
"Tongyong Pinyin",
aliases = {"Old Gotlandic"},
700739,
parent = "non",
"cmn",
wikidata_item = 1133488,
}
}


m["non-own"] = {
m["cmn-wadegiles"] = {
canonicalName = "Old West Norse",
"Wade–Giles",
parent = "non",
208442,
wikidata_item = 10498026,
"cmn",
aliases = {"Wade-Giles", "Wade Giles"},
}
}


m["zh-postal"] = {
"Postal Romanization",
151868,
"zh",
}


-- Greek varieties
-- Chinese cyrillization


m["qfa-sub-grc"] = {
m["cmn-palladius"] = {
canonicalName = "Pre-Greek",
"Palladius",
parent = "qfa-sub",
1234239,
wikidata_item = 965052,
"cmn",
aliases = {"Palladius system"},
}
}
m["pregrc"] = m["qfa-sub-grc"]


m["grc-boi"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Boeotian Greek",
--                Coptic varieties                --
parent = "grc-aeo",
-----------------------------------------------------
wikidata_item = 406373,
}


m["grc-koi"] = {
m["cop-akh"] = {
canonicalName = "Koine Greek",
"Akhmimic Coptic",
aliases = {"Hellenistic Greek"},
125176464,
parent = "grc",
"cop",
wikidata_item = 107358,
aliases = {"Akhmimic"},
}
}
m["Koine"] = m["grc-koi"]


m["gkm"] = {
m["cop-boh"] = {
    canonicalName = "Byzantine Greek",
"Bohairic Coptic",
aliases = {"Medieval Greek"},
890733,
parent = "grc",
"cop",
wikidata_item = 36387,
aliases = {"Bohairic", "Memphitic Coptic", "Memphitic"},
}
}
m["Medieval Greek"] = m["gkm"]


m["grc-dor"] = {
m["cop-ggg"] = {
canonicalName = "Doric Greek",
"Coptic Dialect G",
parent = "grc",
nil,
wikidata_item = 285494,
"cop",
aliases = {"Dialect G", "Mansuric Coptic", "Mansuric"},
}
}


m["grc-att"] = {
m["cop-jjj"] = {
canonicalName = "Attic Greek",
"Coptic Dialect J",
parent = "grc",
nil,
wikidata_item = 506588,
"cop",
}
}


m["grc-ion"] = {
m["cop-kkk"] = {
canonicalName = "Ionic Greek",
"Coptic Dialect K",
parent = "grc",
nil,
wikidata_item = 504165,
"cop",
}
}


m["grc-pam"] = {
m["cop-ppp"] = {
canonicalName = "Pamphylian Greek",
"Coptic Dialect P",
parent = "grc",
nil,
wikidata_item = 2271793,
"cop",
aliases = {"Proto-Theban Coptic", "Palaeo-Theban Coptic"},
}
}


m["grc-kre"] = { -- code used elsewhere: see [[Module:grc:Dialects]]
m["cop-fay"] = {
canonicalName = "Cretan Ancient Greek", -- to distinguish from Cretan Greek below
"Fayyumic Coptic",
parent = "grc-dor",
1399115,
"cop",
aliases = {"Fayyumic", "Faiyumic Coptic", "Faiyumic", "Fayumic Coptic", "Fayumic",
"Bashmuric Coptic", "Bashmuric"},
}
}


m["grc-arp"] = {
m["cop-her"] = {
canonicalName = "Arcadocypriot Greek",
"Hermopolitan Coptic",
parent = "grc",
nil,
wikidata_item = 499602,
"cop",
aliases = {"Hermopolitan", "Coptic Dialect H", "Ashmuninic", "Ashmuninic Coptic"},
}
}


m["grc-arc"] = {
m["cop-lyc"] = {
canonicalName = "Arcadian Greek",
"Lycopolitan Coptic",
parent = "grc-arp",
nil,
"cop",
aliases = {
"Lycopolitan",
"Assiutic Coptic", "Asyutic Coptic", "Assiutic", "Asyutic",
"Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic", "Lyco-Diospolitan",
"Subakhmimic Coptic", "Subakhmimic"
},
}
}


m["el-cyp"] = {
m["cop-old"] = {
canonicalName = "Cypriot Greek",
"Old Coptic",
aliases = {"Cypriotic Greek"},
115518040,
parent = "el",
"cop",
}
}


m["el-pap"] = {
m["cop-oxy"] = {
canonicalName = "Paphian Greek",
"Oxyrhynchite Coptic",
parent = "el",
nil,
"cop",
aliases = {"Oxyrhynchite", "Mesokemic Coptic", "Mesokemic", "Middle Egyptian Coptic"},
}
}


m["grc-aeo"] = {
m["cop-ply"] = {
canonicalName = "Aeolic Greek",
"Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic",
aliases = {"Lesbic Greek", "Lesbian Greek", "Aeolian Greek"},
nil,
parent = "grc",
"cop",
wikidata_item = 406373,
aliases = {"Coptic Dialect i", "Proto-Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic"},
}
}


m["loc-ozo"] = {
m["cop-sah"] = {
canonicalName = "Ozolian Locrian",
"Sahidic Coptic",
parent = "grc",
2645851,
"cop",
aliases = {"Sahidic", "Saidic Coptic", "Saidic", "Thebaic Coptic", "Thebaic"},
}
}


m["loc-opu"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Opuntian Locrian",
--                Dutch varieties                --
parent = "grc",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["nl-BE"] = {
"Belgian Dutch",
34147,
"nl",
aliases = { "Flemish", "Flemish Dutch", "Southern Dutch"},
}
}


m["grc-ths"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Thessalian Greek",
--              Low Saxon varieties              --
parent = "grc-aeo",
-----------------------------------------------------
wikidata_item = 406373,
}


m["grc-ela"] = {
m["act"] = {
canonicalName = "Elean Greek",
"Achterhoeks",
parent = "grc",
153627,
"nds-nl",
aliases = {"Achterhoek", "Achterhooks"},
}
}


m["grc-epc"] = {
m["drt"] = {
canonicalName = "Epic Greek",
"Drents",
aliases = {"Homeric Greek"},
2736709,
parent = "grc",
"nds-nl",
wikidata_item = 990062,
aliases = {"Drèents", "Dreins", "Dreints", "Drints"},
}
}


m["el-crt"] = {
m["frs"] = {
canonicalName = "Cretan Greek",
"East Frisian Low German",
parent = "el",
149208,
wikidata_item = 588306,
"nds-de",
aliases = {"East Frisian", "East Frisian Low Saxon"},
}
}


 
m["gos"] = {
-- Hebrew varieties
"Gronings",
 
508854,
m["hbo"] = {
"nds-nl",
canonicalName = "Biblical Hebrew",
aliases = {"Grunnegs", "Grönnegs"},
aliases = {"Classical Hebrew"},
parent = "he",
wikidata_item = 1982248,
}
}


m["he-mis"] = {
m["nds-lpr"] = {
canonicalName ="Mishnaic Hebrew",
"Low Prussian",
parent = "he",
33982,
wikidata_item = 1649362,
"nds-de",
}
}


m["he-med"] = {
m["sdz"] = {
canonicalName ="Medieval Hebrew",
"Sallands",
parent = "he",
3436668,
wikidata_item = 2712572,
"nds-nl",
aliases = {"Sallaans", "Sallaands"},
}
}


m["he-IL"] = {
m["stl"] = {
canonicalName = "Modern Israeli Hebrew",
"Stellingwerfs",
parent = "he",
506010,
wikidata_item = 8141,
"nds-nl",
aliases = {"Stellingwarfs"},
}
}


m["bsh-kat"] = {
m["twd"] = {
canonicalName ="Kativiri",
"Twents",
aliases = {"Katə́viri"},
497363,
parent = "bsh",
"nds-nl",
wikidata_item =2605045,
aliases = {"Tweants"},
}
}


m["bsh-kam"] = {
m["vel"] = {
canonicalName ="Kamviri",
"Veluws",
aliases = {"Kamvíri"},
2484810,
parent = "bsh",
"nds-nl",
wikidata_item =1193495,
}
}
m["xvi"] = m["bsh-kam"]


m["bsh-mum"] = {
m["wep"] = {
canonicalName ="Mumviri",
"Westphalian",
aliases = {"Mumvíri"},
505655,
parent = "bsh"
"nds-de",
aliases = {"Westfalish", "Westphalien"},
}
}


-- Iranian varieties:
-----------------------------------------------------
--              Egyptian varieties               --
-----------------------------------------------------


m["qfa-sub-bma"] = {
m["egy-old"] = {
canonicalName = "the BMAC substrate",
"Old Egyptian",
parent = "qfa-sub",
447117,
wikidata_item = 1054850,
"egy",
}
}


-- Historical and current Iranian dialects
m["egy-mid"] = {
"Middle Egyptian",
657330,
"egy",
aliases = {"Classical Egyptian"},
}


m["ae-old"] = {
m["egy-nmi"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Avestan",
"Neo-Middle Egyptian",
aliases = {"Gathic Avestan"},
123735278,
parent = "ae",
"egy",
wikidata_item = 29572,
aliases = {"Égyptien de tradition", "Traditional Egyptian"},
}
}


m["ae-yng"] = {
m["egy-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Younger Avestan",
"Late Egyptian",
aliases = {"Young Avestan"},
1852329,
parent = "ae-old",
"egy",
}
}


m["bcc"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Southern Balochi",
--                Elamite varieties                --
aliases = {"Southern Baluchi"},
-----------------------------------------------------
parent = "bal",
 
wikidata_item = 33049,
m["elx-old"] = {
"Old Elamite",
nil,
"elx",
}
}
m["bal-sou"] = m["bcc"]


m["bgp"] = {
m["elx-mid"] = {
canonicalName = "Eastern Balochi",
"Middle Elamite",
aliases = {"Eastern Baluchi"},
nil,
parent = "bal",
"elx",
wikidata_item = 33049,
}
}
m["bal-eas"] = m["bgp"]


m["bgn"] = {
m["elx-neo"] = {
canonicalName = "Western Balochi",
"Neo-Elamite",
aliases = {"Western Baluchi"},
nil,
parent = "bal",
"elx",
wikidata_item = 33049,
}
}
m["bal-wes"] = m["bgn"]


m["bgn"] = {
m["elx-ach"] = {
canonicalName = "Western Balochi",
"Achaemenid Elamite",
aliases = {"Western Baluchi"},
nil,
parent = "bal",
"elx",
}
}


m["bsg-ban"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Bandari",
--            English and Scots varieties          --
parent = "bsg",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
-- English varieties
 
m["en-AU"] = {
"Australian English",
44679,
"en",
}
}


m["bsg-bas"] = {
m["en-GB"] = {
canonicalName = "Bashkardi",
"British English",
parent = "bsg",
7979,
"en",
}
}


m["bsg-hor"] = {
m["en-GB-SCT"] = {
canonicalName = "Hormozi",
"Scottish English",
parent = "bsg",
44676,
"en-GB",
}
}


m["bsg-min"] = {
m["en-GB-WLS"] = {
canonicalName = "Minabi",
"Welsh English",
parent = "bsg",
44676,
"en-GB",
}
}


m["ira-mid"] = {
m["en-IM"] = {
canonicalName = "Middle Iranian",
"Manx English",
parent = "ira",
6753295,
wikidata_item = 33527,
"en-GB",
}
}
m["MIr."] = m["ira-mid"]


m["ira-old"] = {
m["en-aae"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Iranian",
"Australian Aboriginal English",
parent = "ira",
783347,
wikidata_item = 33527,
"en-AU",
}
}
m["OIr."] = m["ira-old"]


m["kho-old"] = {
m["en-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Khotanese",
"Early Modern English",
parent = "kho",
1472196,
"en",
ancestors = "enm",
aliases = {"Early New English"},
}
}


m["kho-lat"] = {
m["en-geo"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Khotanese",
"Geordie",
parent = "kho-old",
653421,
"en",
ancestors = "enm-nor",
}
}


m["peo-ear"] = {
m["en-IE"] = { -- FIXME: "IE" doesn't cover Northern Ireland
canonicalName = "Early Old Persian",
"Irish English",
parent = "peo",
665624,
"en",
}
}


m["peo-lat"] = {
m["en-uls"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Old Persian",
"Ulster English",
parent = "peo",
6840826,
"en-IE",
}
}


m["pal-ear"] = {
m["en-GB-NIR"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Middle Persian",
"Northern Irish English",
parent = "pal",
6840826, -- actually the code for Ulster English
"en-uls",
}
}


m["pal-lat"] = {
m["en-NNN"] = { -- NA = Namibia; NNN is NATO 3-letter code for North America
canonicalName = "Late Middle Persian",
"North American English",
parent = "pal",
7053766,
"en",
ietf_subtag = "en-021" -- 021 = UN M49 code for "Northern America" (i.e. North America wihout Central America or the Caribbean)
}
}


m["ps-nwe"] = {
m["en-US"] = {
canonicalName = "Northwestern Pashto",
"American English",
parent = "ps",
7976,
"en-NNN",
}
}


m["ps-cgi"] = {
m["en-NZ"] = {
canonicalName = "Central Ghilzay",
"New Zealand English",
parent = "ps-nwe",
44661,
"en"
}
}


m["ps-mah"] = {
m["en-ZA"] = {
canonicalName = "Mahsudi",
"South African English",
parent = "ps-nwe",
1156228,
"en"
}
}


m["ps-nea"] = {
m["en-US-CA"] = {
canonicalName = "Northeastern Pashto",
"California English",
parent = "ps",
1026812,
"en-US",
}
}


m["ps-afr"] = {
m["en-CA"] = {
canonicalName = "Afridi",
"Canadian English",
parent = "ps-nea",
44676,
"en-US",
}
}


m["ps-bng"] = {
m["en-HK"] = {
canonicalName = "Bangash",
"Hong Kong English",
parent = "ps-nea",
1068863,
"en",
}
}


m["en-IN"] = {
"Indian English",
1348800,
"en",
}


m["ps-xat"] = {
m["pld"] = {
canonicalName = "Khatak",
"Polari",
parent = "ps-nea",
1359130,
"en",
}
}


m["ps-pes"] = {
-- Scots varieties
canonicalName = "Peshawari",
parent = "ps-nea",
}


m["ps-sea"] = {
m["sco-ins"] = {
canonicalName = "Southeastern Pashto",
"Insular Scots",
parent = "ps",
16919205,
"sco",
}
}


m["ps-ban"] = {
m["sco-uls"] = {
canonicalName = "Bannu",
"Ulster Scots",
parent = "ps-sea",
201966,
"sco",
}
}


m["ps-kak"] = {
m["sco-nor"] = {
canonicalName = "Kakari",
"Northern Scots",
parent = "ps-sea",
16928150,
"sco",
}
}


m["ps-ser"] = {
m["sco-sou"] = {
canonicalName = "Sher",
"Southern Scots",
parent = "ps-sea",
7570457,
"sco",
aliases = {"South Scots", "Borders Scots"},
}
}


m["ps-waz"] = {
-- Middle English varieties
canonicalName = "Waziri",
 
parent = "ps-sea",
m["enm-esc"] = { -- Part of Middle English until it developed into Middle Scots.
"Early Scots",
5326738,
"enm",
ancestors = "enm-nor",
aliases = {"Old Scots", "Scottish Middle English"},
}
}


m["ps-swe"] = {
m["enm-emi"] = {
canonicalName = "Southwestern Pashto",
"East Midland Middle English",
parent = "ps",
134238810,
"enm",
ancestors = "ang-ang", -- Technically ang-mer, but attested Mercian is mostly WM IIRC
}
}


m["ps-kan"] = {
m["enm-ken"] = {
canonicalName = "Kandahari",
"Kentish Middle English",
parent = "ps-swe",
134238532,
"enm",
ancestors = "ang-ken",
}
}


m["ps-jad"] = {
m["enm-nor"] = {
canonicalName = "Jadrani",
"Northern Middle English",
parent = "ps",
134238541,
"enm",
ancestors = "ang-nor",
}
}


m["xme-azr"] = {
m["enm-sou"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Azari",
"Southern Middle English",
aliases = {"Old Azeri", "Azari", "Azeri", "Āḏarī", "Adari", "Adhari"},
134238528,
parent = "xme-ott",
"enm",
ancestors = "ang-wsx",
}
}


m["xme-ttc-cen"] = {
m["enm-wmi"] = {
canonicalName = "Central Tati",
"West Midland Middle English",
parent = "xme-ott",
134238824,
"enm",
ancestors = "ang-mer",
}
}


m["xme-ttc-eas"] = {
-- Old English varieties
canonicalName = "Eastern Tati",
parent = "xme-ott",
}


m["xme-ttc-nor"] = {
-- Includes both Mercian and Northumbrian.
canonicalName = "Northern Tati",
m["ang-ang"] = {
parent = "xme-ott",
"Anglian Old English",
121142917,
"ang",
}
}


m["xme-ttc-sou"] = {
m["ang-ken"] = {
canonicalName = "Southern Tati",
"Kentish Old English",
parent = "xme-ott",
11687485,
"ang",
}
}


m["xme-ttc-wes"] = {
m["ang-mer"] = {
canonicalName = "Western Tati",
"Mercian Old English",
parent = "xme-ott",
602072,
"ang-ang",
}
}


m["xmn"] = {
m["ang-nor"] = {
canonicalName = "Manichaean Middle Persian",
"Northumbrian Old English",
parent = "pal",
1798915,
"ang-ang",
}
}


m["fa-ira"] = {
m["ang-wsx"] = {
canonicalName = "Iranian Persian",
"West Saxon Old English",
aliases = {"Modern Persian", "Western Persian"},
2658603,
parent = "fa",
"ang",
wikidata_item = 3513637,
}
}


m["fa-cls"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Classical Persian",
--    French and French-based creole varieties    --
parent = "fa",
-----------------------------------------------------
wikidata_item = 9168,
}


m["prs"] = {
m["fro-nor"] = {
canonicalName = "Dari",
"Old Northern French",
aliases = {"Dari Persian", "Central Persian", "Eastern Persian", "Afghan Persian"},
2044917,
parent = "fa",
"fro",
wikidata_item = 178440,
aliases = {"Old Norman", "Old Norman French"},
}
}


m["os-dig"] = {
m["fro-pic"] = {
canonicalName = "Digor",
"Picard Old French",
aliases = {"Digoron"},
nil,
parent = "os",
"fro",
wikidata_item = 3027861,
}
}


m["os-iro"] = {
m["xno"] = {
canonicalName = "Iron",
"Anglo-Norman",
parent = "os",
35214,
"fro-nor",
}
}


m["sog-ear"] = {
m["xno-law"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Sogdian",
"Law French",
parent = "sog",
2044323,
"xno",
}
}


m["sog-lat"] = {
m["zrp"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Sogdian",
"Zarphatic",
parent = "sog-ear",
36994,
"fro",
aliases = {"Judeo-French"}
}
}


m["oru-kan"] = {
m["fr-CA"] = {
canonicalName = "Kaniguram",
"Canadian French",
parent = "oru",
1450506,
wikidata_item = 6363164,
"fr",
}
}


m["oru-log"] = {
m["fr-CH"] = {
canonicalName = "Logar",
"Swiss French",
parent = "oru",
1480152,
"fr",
}
}


m["oos-ear"] = {
m["fr-aca"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Old Ossetic",
"Acadian French",
parent = "oos",
415109,
"fr",
}
}


m["oos-lat"] = {
m["fr-lou"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Old Ossetic",
"Louisiana French",
parent = "oos",
3083213,
"fr",
}
}


m["xln"] = {
m["fr-mis"] = {
canonicalName = "Alanic",
"Missouri French",
parent = "oos",
3083210,
"fr",
}
}


m["rdb-rud"] = {
m["frc"] = {
canonicalName = "Rudbari",
"Cajun French",
parent = "rdb",
880301,
"fr-lou",
}
}


m["rdb-jir"] = {
m["ht-sdm"] = {
canonicalName = "Jirofti",
"Saint Dominican Creole French",
parent = "rdb",
nil,
"ht",
ancestors = "fr",
}
}


m["rdb-kah"] = {
-- Norman varieties
canonicalName = "Kahnuji",
parent = "rdb",
}


-- Southwestern Fars lects
m["nrf-grn"] = {
 
"Guernsey Norman",
m["fay-bur"] = {
56428,
canonicalName = "Burenjani",
"nrf",
parent = "fay",
aliases = {"Guernsey"},
}
}


m["fay-bsh"] = {
m["nrf-jer"] = {
canonicalName = "Bushehri",
"Jersey Norman",
parent = "fay",
56430,
"nrf",
aliases = {"Jersey"},
}
}


m["fay-dsh"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Dashtaki",
--                Brythonic varieties              --
parent = "fay",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["bry-ear"] = {
"Early Brythonic",
nil,
"cel-bry-pro",
}
}


m["fay-dav"] = {
m["bry-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Davani",
"Late Brythonic",
parent = "fay",
nil,
wikidata_item = 5228140,
"cel-bry-pro",
}
}


m["fay-eze"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Emamzada Esma’ili",
--                Gaulish varieties              --
parent = "fay",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["xcg"] = {
"Cisalpine Gaulish",
3832927,
"cel-gau",
}
}


m["fay-gav"] = {
m["xtg"] = {
canonicalName = "Gavkoshaki",
"Transalpine Gaulish",
parent = "fay",
29977,
"cel-gau",
}
}


m["fay-kho"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Khollari",
--                Portuguese varieties            --
parent = "fay",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["pt-BR"] = {
"Brazilian Portuguese",
750553,
"pt",
}
}


m["fay-kon"] = {
m["pt-PT"] = {
canonicalName = "Kondazi",
"European Portuguese",
parent = "fay",
922399,
"pt",
}
}


m["fay-kzo"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Old Kazeruni",
--                  Spanish varieties              --
parent = "fay",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["es-ear"] = {
"Early Modern Spanish",
5364419,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-mas"] = {
m["es-AR"] = {
canonicalName = "Masarami",
"Rioplatense Spanish",
parent = "fay",
509780,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-pap"] = {
m["es-BO"] = {
canonicalName = "Papuni",
"Bolivian Spanish",
parent = "fay",
510730,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-sam"] = {
m["es-CL"] = {
canonicalName = "Samghani",
"Chilean Spanish",
parent = "fay",
857295,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-shr"] = {
m["es-CO"] = {
canonicalName = "Shirazi",
"Colombian Spanish",
parent = "fay",
1115875,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-sho"] = {
m["es-CU"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Shirazi",
"Cuban Spanish",
parent = "fay",
824909,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-sam"] = {
m["es-MX"] = {
canonicalName = "Samghani",
"Mexican Spanish",
parent = "fay",
616620,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-kar"] = {
m["es-PE"] = {
canonicalName = "Khargi",
"Peruvian Spanish",
parent = "fay",
736236,
"es",
}
}


m["fay-sor"] = {
m["es-PH"] = {
canonicalName = "Sorkhi",
"Philippine Spanish",
parent = "fay",
22091406,
"es",
}
}


-- Talysh lects
m["es-US"] = {
"United States Spanish",
2301077,
"es",
aliases = {"US Spanish"},
}
--use label "US Spanish" to put Spanish terms in this category


m["tly-cen"] = {
m["es-PR"] = {
canonicalName = "Central Talysh",
"Puerto Rican Spanish",
parent = "tly",
7258609,
"es",
}
}


m["tly-asa"] = {
m["es-VE"] = {
canonicalName = "Asalemi",
"Venezuelan Spanish",
parent = "tly-cen",
840017,
"es",
}
}


m["tly-kar"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Karganrudi",
--                  Fula varieties                --
parent = "tly-cen",
-----------------------------------------------------
}


m["tly-tul"] = {
m["fuc"] = {
canonicalName = "Tularudi",
"Pulaar",
parent = "tly-cen",
1420205,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-tal"] = {
m["fuf"] = {
canonicalName = "Taleshdulabi",
"Pular",
parent = "tly-cen",
3915357,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-nor"] = {
m["ffm"] = {
canonicalName = "Northern Talysh",
"Maasina Fulfulde",
parent = "tly",
3915322,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-aze"] = {
m["fue"] = {
canonicalName = "Azerbaijani Talysh",
-- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one
parent = "tly-nor",
"Borgu Fulfulde",
12952426,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-anb"] = {
m["fuh"] = {
canonicalName = "Anbarani",
-- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one
parent = "tly-nor",
"Western Niger Fulfulde",
12952430,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-sou"] = {
m["fuq"] = {
canonicalName = "Southern Talysh",
-- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki, hrwiki and pmswiki have one
parent = "tly",
"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde",
12628799,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-fum"] = {
m["fuv"] = {
canonicalName = "Fumani",
-- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki and swwiki have one
parent = "tly-sou",
"Nigerian Fulfulde",
36129,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-msu"] = {
m["fub"] = {
canonicalName = "Masulei",
-- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki, ptwiki, swwiki and yowiki have one
parent = "tly-sou",
"Adamawa Fulfulde",
34776,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-msa"] = {
m["fui"] = {
canonicalName = "Masali",
-- no enwiki entry as of yet but pmswiki and swwiki have one
parent = "tly-sou",
"Bagirmi Fulfulde",
11003859,
"ff",
}
}


m["tly-san"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Shandarmani",
--              German(ic) varieties              --
parent = "tly-sou",
-----------------------------------------------------
}


-- Tafreshi lects
-- (modern) German varieties


m["xme-amo"] = {
m["de-AT"] = {
canonicalName = "Amorehi",
"Austrian German",
parent = "xme-taf",
306626,
"de",
}
}


m["xme-ast"] = {
m["de-AT-vie"] = {
canonicalName = "Ashtiani",
"Viennese German",
parent = "xme-taf",
56474,
wikipedia_article = "Ashtiani language",
"de-AT",
wikidata_item = 3436590,
}
}
m["atn"] = m["xme-ast"]


m["xme-bor"] = {
m["de-CH"] = {
canonicalName = "Borujerdi",
"Switzerland German",
parent = "xme-taf",
1366643,
"de",
aliases = {"Schweizer Hochdeutsch", "Swiss Standard German", "Swiss High German"},
}
}


m["xme-ham"] = {
m["de-bal"] = {
canonicalName = "Hamadani",
"Baltic German",
parent = "xme-taf",
15785413,
wikidata_item = 6302426,
"de",
}
}


m["xme-kah"] = {
m["de-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Kahaki",
"Early New High German",
parent = "xme-taf",
1472199,
"de",
ancestors = "gmh",
aliases = {"Early Modern High German"},
}
}


m["xme-vaf"] = {
m["ksh"] = {
canonicalName = "Vafsi",
"Kölsch",
parent = "xme-taf",
4624,
wikidata_item = 32611,
"gmw-cfr",
}
}
m["vaf"] = m["xme-vaf"]


-- Kermanic lects
m["pfl"] = {
"Palatine German",
23014,
"gmw-rfr",
aliases = {"Pfälzisch", "Pälzisch", "Palatinate German"},
}


m["xme-xun"] = {
m["sli"] = {
canonicalName = "Khunsari",
"Silesian East Central German",
parent = "xme-ker",
152965,
wikipedia_article = "Khunsari language",
"gmw-ecg",
wikidata_item = 6403030,
aliases = {"Silesian"},
}
}
m["kfm"] = m["xme-xun"]


m["xme-mah"] = {
m["sxu"] = {
canonicalName = "Mahallati",
"Upper Saxon German",
parent = "xme-ker",
699284,
"gmw-ecg",
}
}


m["xme-von"] = {
-- Old High German varieties
canonicalName = "Vonishuni",
 
parent = "xme-ker",
m["lng"] = {
"Lombardic",
35972,
"goh",
}
}


m["xme-bdr"] = {
-- Proto-West Germanic varieties
canonicalName = "Badrudi",
 
parent = "xme-ker",
m["frk"] = {
"Frankish",
10860505,
"gmw-pro",
family = "gmw-frk",
aliases = {"Old Frankish"},
}
}


m["xme-del"] = {
m["gem-sue"] = {
canonicalName = "Delijani",
"Suevic",
parent = "xme-ker",
134600275,
"gmw-pro",
aliases = {"Suebian"},
}
}


m["xme-kas"] = {
m["gmw-afr-pro"] = {
canonicalName = "Kashani",
"Proto-Anglo-Frisian",
parent = "xme-ker",
134603379,
"gmw-nsg-pro",
family = "gmw-afr",
}
}


m["xme-kes"] = {
m["gmw-nsg-pro"] = {
canonicalName = "Kesehi",
"Proto-North Sea Germanic",
parent = "xme-ker",
134603374,
"gmw-pro",
family = "gmw-nsg",
aliases = {"Proto-Ingvaeonic"},
}
}


m["xme-mey"] = {
-- Alemannic German varieties
canonicalName = "Meymehi",
 
parent = "xme-ker",
m["gsw-low"] = {
"Low Alemannic German",
503724,
"gsw",
}
}


m["xme-nat"] = {
m["gsw-FR-als"] = {
canonicalName = "Natanzi",
"Alsatian Alemannic German",
parent = "xme-ker",
8786,
wikipedia_article = "Natanzi language",
"gsw-low",
wikidata_item = 6968399,
}
}
m["ntz"] = m["xme-nat"]


m["xme-abz"] = {
m["gsw-hig"] = {
canonicalName = "Abuzeydabadi",
"High Alemannic German",
parent = "xme-ker",
503728,
"gsw",
}
}


m["xme-aby"] = {
m["gsw-hst"] = {
canonicalName = "Abyanehi",
"Highest Alemannic German",
parent = "xme-ker",
687538,
"gsw",
}
}


m["xme-far"] = {
m["wae"] = {
canonicalName = "Farizandi",
"Walser German",
parent = "xme-ker",
680517,
"gsw-hst",
}
}


m["xme-jow"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Jowshaqani",
--              Old Norse varieties              --
parent = "xme-ker",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["non-grn"] = {
"Greenlandic Norse",
855236,
"non-own",
}
}


m["xme-nas"] = {
m["non-oen"] = {
canonicalName = "Nashalji",
"Old East Norse",
parent = "xme-ker",
10498031,
"non",
ancestors = "non",
}
}


m["xme-qoh"] = {
m["non-own"] = {
canonicalName = "Qohrudi",
"Old West Norse",
parent = "xme-ker",
2377483,
"non",
ancestors = "non",
}
}


m["xme-yar"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Yarandi",
--              Old Swedish varieties            --
parent = "xme-ker",
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["gmq-osw-lat"] = {
"Late Old Swedish",
10723594,
"gmq-osw",
ancestors = "gmq-osw",
}
}


m["xme-soi"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Soi",
--                  Greek varieties                --
aliases = {"Sohi"},
-----------------------------------------------------
parent = "xme-ker",
wikipedia_article = "Soi language",
wikidata_item = 7930463,
}
m["soj"] = m["xme-soi"]


m["xme-tar"] = {
m["qsb-grc"] = {
canonicalName = "Tari",
"Pre-Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
965052,
"und",
family = "qfa-sub",
}
}


m["xme-gaz"] = {
m["grc-aeo"] = {
canonicalName = "Gazi",
"Aeolic Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
406373,
wikipedia_article = "Gazi language",
"grc",
wikidata_item = 5529130,
aliases = {"Lesbic Greek", "Lesbian Greek", "Aeolian Greek"},
}
}
m["gzi"] = m["xme-gaz"]


m["xme-sed"] = {
m["grc-arc"] = {
canonicalName = "Sedehi",
"Arcadian Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
nil,
"grc-arp",
}
}


m["xme-ard"] = {
m["grc-arp"] = {
canonicalName = "Ardestani",
"Arcadocypriot Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
499602,
"grc",
}
}


m["xme-zef"] = {
m["grc-att"] = {
canonicalName = "Zefrehi",
"Attic Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
506588,
"grc",
}
}


m["xme-isf"] = {
m["grc-boi"] = {
canonicalName = "Isfahani",
"Boeotian Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
406373,
"grc-aeo",
}
}


m["xme-kaf"] = {
m["grc-dor"] = {
canonicalName = "Kafroni",
"Doric Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
285494,
"grc",
}
}


m["xme-vrz"] = {
m["grc-ela"] = {
canonicalName = "Varzenehi",
"Elean Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
nil,
"grc",
}
}


m["xme-xur"] = {
m["grc-epc"] = {
canonicalName = "Khuri",
"Epic Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
990062,
"grc",
aliases = {"Homeric Greek"},
}
}


m["xme-nay"] = {
m["grc-ion"] = {
canonicalName = "Nayini",
"Ionic Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
504165,
wikipedia_article = "Nayini language",
"grc",
wikidata_item = 6983146,
}
}
m["nyq"] = m["xme-nay"]


m["xme-ana"] = {
m["grc-koi"] = {
canonicalName = "Anaraki",
"Koine Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
107358,
"grc",
ancestors = "grc-att",
aliases = {"Hellenistic Greek"},
}
}


m["xme-dar"] = {
m["grc-kre"] = {
canonicalName = "Zoroastrian Dari",
"Cretan Ancient Greek", -- to distinguish from Cretan Greek below
aliases = {"Behdināni", "Gabri", "Gavrŭni", "Gabrōni"},
nil,
parent = "xme-ker",
"grc-dor",
wikipedia_article = "Zoroastrian Dari language",
wikidata_item = 32389,
}
}
m["gbz"] = m["xme-dar"]


m["xme-krm"] = {
m["grc-opl"] = {
canonicalName = "Kermani",
"Opuntian Locrian",
parent = "xme-ker",
nil,
"grc",
}
}


m["xme-yaz"] = {
m["grc-ozl"] = {
canonicalName = "Yazdi",
"Ozolian Locrian",
parent = "xme-ker",
nil,
"grc",
}
}


m["xme-bid"] = {
m["grc-pam"] = {
canonicalName = "Bidhandi",
"Pamphylian Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
2271793,
"grc",
}
}


m["xme-bij"] = {
m["grc-ths"] = {
canonicalName = "Bijagani",
"Thessalian Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
406373,
"grc-aeo",
}
}


m["xme-cim"] = {
m["gkm"] = {
canonicalName = "Chimehi",
"Byzantine Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
36387,
"grc",
ancestors = "grc-koi",
aliases = {"Medieval Greek"},
}
}


m["xme-han"] = {
m["el-cyp"] = {
canonicalName = "Hanjani",
"Cypriot Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
245899,
"el",
aliases = {"Cypriotic Greek"},
}
}


m["xme-kom"] = {
m["el-pap"] = {
canonicalName = "Komjani",
"Paphian Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
nil,
"el",
}
}


m["xme-nar"] = {
m["el-crt"] = {
canonicalName = "Naraqi",
"Cretan Greek",
parent = "xme-ker",
588306,
"el",
}
}


m["xme-nus"] = {
m["el-kth"] = {
canonicalName = "Nushabadi",
"Katharevousa",
parent = "xme-ker",
35961,
"el",
"Polyt",
ancestors = "gkm",
aliases = {"Katharevousa Greek"},
display_text = s["Polyt-displaytext"],
entry_name = s["Polyt-entryname"],
sort_key = s["Polyt-sortkey"],
}
}


m["xme-qal"] = {
m["el-kal"] = {
canonicalName = "Qalhari",
"Kaliarda",
parent = "xme-ker",
12878658,
"el",
}
}


m["xme-trh"] = {
 
canonicalName = "Tarehi",
-----------------------------------------------------
parent = "xme-ker",
--                Hebrew varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------
 
m["hbo"] = {
"Biblical Hebrew",
1982248,
"he",
aliases = {"Classical Hebrew"},
}
}


m["xme-val"] = {
m["he-mis"] = {
canonicalName = "Valujerdi",
"Mishnaic Hebrew",
parent = "xme-ker",
1649362,
"he",
ancestors = "hbo",
}
}


m["xme-var"] = {
m["he-med"] = {
canonicalName = "Varani",
"Medieval Hebrew",
parent = "xme-ker",
2712572,
"he",
ancestors = "he-mis",
}
}


m["xme-zor"] = {
m["he-IL"] = {
canonicalName = "Zori",
"Israeli Hebrew",
parent = "xme-ker",
8141,
"he",
}
}


-- Ramandi lects
m["bsh-kat"] = {
 
"Kativiri",
m["tks-ebr"] = {
2605045,
canonicalName = "Ebrahimabadi",
"bsh",
parent = "tks",
aliases = {"Katə́viri"},
}
}


m["tks-sag"] = {
m["xvi"] = {
canonicalName = "Sagzabadi",
"Kamviri",
parent = "tks",
1193495,
"bsh",
aliases = {"Kamvíri"},
}
}


m["tks-esf"] = {
m["bsh-mum"] = {
canonicalName = "Esfarvarini",
"Mumviri",
parent = "tks",
nil,
aliases = {"Mumvíri"},
"bsh"
}
}


m["tks-tak"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Takestani",
--                Inuit varieties                --
parent = "tks",
-----------------------------------------------------
}


m["tks-cal"] = {
m["esi"] = {
canonicalName = "Chali",
"North Alaskan Inupiatun",
parent = "tks",
nil,
"ik"
}
}


m["tks-dan"] = {
m["esk"] = {
canonicalName = "Danesfani",
"Northwest Alaskan Inupiatun",
parent = "tks",
25559714,
"ik"
}
}


m["tks-xia"] = {
-----------------------------------------------------
canonicalName = "Khiaraji",
--                Iranian varieties              --
parent = "tks",
-----------------------------------------------------
}


m["tks-xoz"] = {
m["qsb-bma"] = {
canonicalName = "Khoznini",
"the BMAC substrate",
parent = "tks",
133187435,
"und",
family = "qfa-sub",
aliases = {"the Bactria-Margiana substrate", "the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex substrate"},
}
}


-- Shughni dialects
-- Historical and current Iranian dialects


m["sgh-bro"] = {
m["ae-old"] = {
canonicalName = "Bartangi-Oroshori",
"Old Avestan",
parent = "sgh",
29572,
"ae",
aliases = {"Gathic Avestan"},
}
}


m["sgh-bar"] = {
m["ae-yng"] = {
canonicalName = "Bartangi",
"Younger Avestan",
parent = "sgh-bro",
29572,
"ae-old",
aliases = {"Young Avestan"},
}
}


m["sgh-oro"] = {
m["bcc"] = {
canonicalName = "Oroshori",
"Southern Balochi",
parent = "sgh-bro",
33049,
aliases = {"Roshorvi"},
"bal",
aliases = {"Southern Baluchi"},
}
}


m["sgh-rsx"] = {
m["bgp"] = {
canonicalName = "Roshani-Khufi",
"Eastern Balochi",
parent = "sgh",
33049,
"bal",
aliases = {"Eastern Baluchi"},
}
}


m["sgh-xuf"] = {
m["bgn"] = {
canonicalName = "Khufi",
"Western Balochi",
parent = "sgh-rsx",
33049,
"bal",
aliases = {"Western Baluchi"},
}
}


m["sgh-ros"] = {
m["bsg-ban"] = {
canonicalName = "Roshani",
"Bandari",
parent = "sgh-rsx",
nil,
"bsg",
}
}


m["sgh-xgb"] = {
m["bsg-hor"] = {
canonicalName = "Khughni-Bajui",
"Hormozi",
parent = "sgh",
nil,
"bsg",
}
}


m["sgh-xug"] = {
m["bsg-min"] = {
canonicalName = "Khughni",
"Minabi",
parent = "sgh-xgb",
nil,
"bsg",
}
}


m["sgh-baj"] = {
m["kho-old"] = {
canonicalName = "Bajui",
"Old Khotanese",
parent = "sgh-xgb",
nil,
"kho",
}
}


-- Indo-Aryan varieties
m["kho-lat"] = {
"Late Khotanese",
nil,
"kho-old",
}


m["inc-mit"] = {
m["peo-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Mitanni",
"Early Old Persian",
parent = "inc-pro",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1986700,
"peo",
}
}


m["awa-old"] = {
m["peo-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Awadhi",
"Late Old Persian",
parent = "awa",
nil,
"peo",
}
}


m["bra-old"] = {
m["pal-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Braj",
"Early Middle Persian",
parent = "bra",
nil,
"pal",
}
}


m["gu-kat"] = {
m["pal-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Kathiyawadi",
"Late Middle Persian",
aliases = {"Kathiyawadi Gujarati", "Kathiawadi"},
nil,
parent = "gu",
"pal",
ancestors = "pal-ear",
}
}


m["gu-lda"] = {
m["ps-nwe"] = {
canonicalName = "Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati",
"Northwestern Pashto",
aliases = {"Lisan ud-Dawat", "LDA"},
nil,
parent = "gu",
"ps",
}
}


m["hi-mum"] = {
m["ps-cgi"] = {
canonicalName = "Bombay Hindi",
"Central Ghilzay",
aliases = {"Mumbai Hindi", "Bambaiyya Hindi"},
nil,
parent = "hi",
"ps-nwe",
wikidata_item = 3543151,
}
}


m["hi-mid"] = {
m["ps-mah"] = {
canonicalName = "Middle Hindi",
"Mahsudi",
parent = "hi",
nil,
"ps-nwe",
}
}


m["sa-bhs"] = {
m["ps-nea"] = {
canonicalName = "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit",
"Northeastern Pashto",
parent = "sa",
nil,
wikidata_item = 248758,
"ps",
}
}


m["sa-bra"] = {
m["ps-afr"] = {
canonicalName = "Brahmanic Sanskrit",
"Afridi",
parent = "sa",
nil,
wikidata_item = 36858,
"ps-nea",
}
}


m["sa-cls"] = {
m["ps-bng"] = {
canonicalName = "Classical Sanskrit",
"Bangash",
parent = "sa",
nil,
wikidata_item = 11059,
"ps-nea",
}
}


m["sa-neo"] = {
canonicalName = "New Sanskrit",
parent = "sa",
wikidata_item = 11059,
}


m["sa-ved"] = {
m["ps-xat"] = {
canonicalName = "Vedic Sanskrit",
"Khatak",
parent = "sa",
nil,
wikidata_item = 36858,
"ps-nea",
}
}


m["si-med"] = {
m["ps-pes"] = {
canonicalName = "Medieval Sinhalese",
"Peshawari",
aliases = {"Medieval Sinhala"},
nil,
parent = "si",
"ps-nea",
}
}


m["kok-mid"] = {
m["ps-sea"] = {
canonicalName = "Middle Konkani",
"Southeastern Pashto",
aliases = {"Medieval Konkani"},
nil,
parent = "kok",
"ps",
}
}


m["kok-old"] = {
m["ps-ban"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Konkani",
"Bannu",
aliases = {"Early Konkani"},
nil,
parent = "kok",
"ps-sea",
}
}


m["ps-kak"] = {
"Kakari",
nil,
"ps-sea",
}


-- Indian subcontinent languages
m["ps-ser"] = {
"Sher",
nil,
"ps-sea",
}


m["ps-waz"] = {
"Waziri",
12274473,
"ps-sea",
}


-- Dhivehi varieties
m["ps-swe"] = {
"Southwestern Pashto",
nil,
"ps",
}


m["mlk-dv"] = {
m["ps-kan"] = {
canonicalName = "Mulaku Dhivehi",
"Kandahari",
aliases = {"Mulaku Divehi", "Mulaku Bas"},
nil,
parent = "dv",
"ps-swe",
}
}


m["hvd-dv"] = {
m["ps-jad"] = {
canonicalName = "Huvadhu Dhivehi",
"Jadrani",
aliases = {"Huvadhu Divehi", "Huvadhu Bas"},
nil,
parent = "dv",
"ps",
ancestors = "ira-pat-pro"
}
}


m["add-dv"] = {
m["xme-azr"] = {
canonicalName = "Addu Dhivehi",
"Old Azari",
aliases = {"Addu Divehi", "Addu Bas"},
nil,
parent = "dv",
"xme-ott",
aliases = {"Old Azeri", "Azari", "Azeri", "Āḏarī", "Adari", "Adhari"},
}
}


m["xme-ttc-cen"] = {
"Central Tati",
nil,
"xme-ott",
}


-- Dravidian varieties
m["xme-ttc-eas"] = {
"Eastern Tati",
nil,
"xme-ott",
}


 
m["xme-ttc-nor"] = {
m["ta-mid"] = {
"Northern Tati",
canonicalName = "Middle Tamil",
nil,
parent = "ta",
"xme-ott",
wikidata_item = 20987434,
}
}


m["kn-hav"] = {
m["xme-ttc-sou"] = {
canonicalName = "Havyaka Kannada",
"Southern Tati",
aliases = {"Havigannada"},
nil,
parent = "kn",
"xme-ott",
wikidata_item = 24276369,
}
}


-- Prakrits
m["xme-ttc-wes"] = {
 
"Western Tati",
m["inc-pka"] = {
nil,
canonicalName = "Ardhamagadhi Prakrit",
"xme-ott",
aliases = {"Ardhamagadhi"},
parent = "inc-pra",
wikidata_item = 35217,
}
}


m["inc-elu"] = {
m["xmn"] = {
canonicalName = "Helu Prakrit",
"Manichaean Middle Persian",
aliases = {"Elu", "Elu Prakrit", "Helu"},
nil,
parent = "inc-pra",
"pal-lat",
wikidata_item = 15080869,
}
}


m["inc-khs"] = {
m["fa-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Khasa Prakrit",
"Early New Persian",
aliases = {"Khasa"},
127413796,
parent = "inc-pra",
"fa",
ancestors = "pal-lat",
translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}
}


m["inc-pmg"] = {
m["fa-cls"] = {
canonicalName = "Magadhi Prakrit",
"Classical Persian",
aliases = {"Magadhi"},
9168,
parent = "inc-pra",
"fa",
wikidata_item = 2652214,
ancestors = "fa-ear",
translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}
}


m["inc-pmh"] = {
m["fa-ira"] = {
canonicalName = "Maharastri Prakrit",
"Iranian Persian",
aliases = {"Maharashtri Prakrit", "Maharastri", "Maharashtri"},
3513637,
parent = "inc-pra",
"fa",
wikidata_item = 2586773,
aliases = {"Modern Persian", "Western Persian"},
translit = "fa-ira-translit",
}
}


m["inc-psi"] = {
m["prs"] = {
canonicalName = "Paisaci Prakrit",
"Dari",
aliases = {"Paisaci", "Paisachi"},
178440,
parent = "inc-pra",
"fa",
wikidata_item = 2995607,
aliases = {"Dari Persian", "Central Persian", "Eastern Persian", "Afghan Persian"},
translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}
}


m["inc-pse"] = {
m["haz"] = {
canonicalName = "Sauraseni Prakrit",
"Hazaragi",
aliases = {"Sauraseni", "Shauraseni"},
33398,
parent = "inc-pra",
"prs",
wikidata_item = 2452885,
translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}
}


m["prk-avt"] = {
m["os-dig"] = {
canonicalName = "Avanti",
"Digor Ossetian",
aliases = {"Avanti Prakrit"},
3027861,
parent = "inc-pra",
"os",
aliases = {"Digoron", "Digor"},
}
}


m["prc-prk"] = {
m["os-iro"] = {
canonicalName = "Pracya",
"Iron Ossetian",
aliases = {"Pracya Prakrit"},
nil,
parent = "inc-pra",
"os",
aliases = {"Iron"},
}
}


m["bhl-prk"] = {
m["sog-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Bahliki",
"Early Sogdian",
aliases = {"Bahliki Prakrit"},
nil,
parent = "inc-pra",
"sog",
}
}


m["dks-prk"] = {
m["sog-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Daksinatya",
"Late Sogdian",
aliases = {"Daksinatya Prakrit"},
nil,
parent = "inc-pra",
"sog-ear",
}
}


m["skr-prk"] = {
m["ro-MD"] = {
canonicalName = "Sakari",
"Moldovan",
aliases = {"Sakari Prakrit"},
36392,
parent = "inc-pra",
"ro",
aliases = {"Moldavian"},
}
}


m["cnd-prk"] = {
m["oru-kan"] = {
canonicalName = "Candali",
"Kaniguram",
aliases = {"Candali Prakrit"},
6363164,
parent = "inc-pra",
"oru",
}
}


m["sbr-prk"] = {
m["oru-log"] = {
canonicalName = "Sabari",
"Logar",
aliases = {"Sabari Prakrit"},
nil,
parent = "inc-pra",
"oru",
}
}


m["abh-prk"] = {
m["oos"] = {
canonicalName = "Abhiri",
"Old Ossetic",
aliases = {"Abhiri Prakrit"},
65455882,
parent = "inc-pra",
"xln",
}
}


m["drm-prk"] = {
m["oos-ear"] = {
canonicalName = "Dramili",
"Early Old Ossetic",
aliases = {"Dramili Prakrit"},
nil,
parent = "inc-pra",
"oos",
}
}


m["odr-prk"] = {
m["oos-lat"] = {
canonicalName = "Odri",
"Late Old Ossetic",
aliases = {"Odri Prakrit"},
nil,
parent = "inc-pra",
"oos",
}
}


 
m["rdb-jir"] = {
-- Italian, Latin and other Italic varieties
"Jirofti",
 
nil,
m["it-oit"] = {
"rdb",
canonicalName = "Old Italian",
parent = "it",
wikidata_item = 652,
}
}
m["roa-oit"] = m["it-oit"]


m["it-CH"] = {
m["rdb-kah"] = {
canonicalName = "Switzerland Italian",
"Kahnuji",
parent = "it",
nil,
wikidata_item = 672147,
"rdb",
}
}
m["Swiss Italian"] = m["it-CH"]
m["Switzerland Italian"] = m["it-CH"]


-- Latin varieties by period
-- Southwestern Fars lects


m["la-lat"] = {
m["fay-bur"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Latin",
"Burenjani",
parent = "la",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1503113,
"fay",
}
}
m["Late Latin"] = m["la-lat"]
m["LL."] = m["la-lat"]
m["LL"] = m["la-lat"]


m["la-vul"] = {
m["fay-bsh"] = {
canonicalName = "Vulgar Latin",
"Bushehri",
parent = "la",
nil,
wikidata_item = 37560,
"fay",
}
}
m["Vulgar Latin"] = m["la-vul"]
m["VL."] = m["la-vul"]


m["la-med"] = {
m["fay-dsh"] = {
canonicalName = "Medieval Latin",
"Dashtaki",
parent = "la",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1163234,
"fay",
}
}
m["Medieval Latin"] = m["la-med"]
m["ML."] = m["la-med"]
m["ML"] = m["la-med"]


m["la-ecc"] = {
m["fay-dav"] = {
canonicalName = "Ecclesiastical Latin",
"Davani",
aliases = {"Church Latin"},
5228140,
parent = "la",
"fay",
wikidata_item = 1247932,
}
}
m["Ecclesiastical Latin"] = m["la-ecc"]
m["EL."] = m["la-ecc"]


m["la-ren"] = {
m["fay-eze"] = {
canonicalName = "Renaissance Latin",
"Emamzada Esmaili",
parent = "la",
nil,
wikidata_item = 499083,
"fay",
}
}
m["Renaissance Latin"] = m["la-ren"]
m["RL."] = m["la-ren"]


m["la-new"] = {
m["fay-gav"] = {
canonicalName = "New Latin",
"Gavkoshaki",
aliases = {"Modern Latin"},
nil,
parent = "la",
"fay",
wikidata_item = 1248221,
}
}
m["New Latin"] = m["la-new"]
m["NL."] = m["la-new"]


-- other Italic lects
m["fay-kho"] = {
"Khollari",
nil,
"fay",
}


m["osc-luc"] = {
m["fay-kon"] = {
canonicalName = "Lucanian",
"Kondazi",
parent = "osc",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["osc-sam"] = {
m["fay-kzo"] = {
canonicalName = "Samnite",
"Old Kazeruni",
parent = "osc",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["xum-her"] = {
m["fay-mas"] = {
canonicalName = "Hernician",
"Masarami",
parent = "xum",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["fay-pap"] = {
"Papuni",
nil,
"fay",
}


-- Malay and related varieties
m["fay-sam"] = {
"Samghani",
nil,
"fay",
}


m["ms-old"] = {
m["fay-shr"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Malay",
"Shirazi",
parent = "ms",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["ms-cla"] = {
m["fay-sho"] = {
canonicalName = "Classical Malay",
"Old Shirazi",
parent = "ms",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["pse-bsm"] = {
m["fay-sam"] = {
canonicalName = "Besemah",
"Samghani",
parent = "pse",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["bew-kot"] = {
m["fay-kar"] = {
canonicalName = "Betawi Kota",
"Khargi",
parent = "bew",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["bew-ora"] = {
m["fay-sor"] = {
canonicalName = "Betawi Ora",
"Sorkhi",
parent = "bew",
nil,
"fay",
}
}


m["bew-udi"] = {
-- Talysh lects
canonicalName = "Betawi Udik",
parent = "bew",
}


 
m["tly-cen"] = {
-- Mongolic lects
"Central Talysh",
 
nil,
m["xng-ear"] = {
"tly",
canonicalName = "Early Middle Mongolian",
parent = "xng",
}
}


m["xng-lat"] = {
m["tly-asa"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Middle Mongolian",
"Asalemi",
parent = "xng",
nil,
"tly-cen",
}
}


m["mn-kha"] = {
m["tly-kar"] = {
canonicalName = "Khalkha Mongolian",
"Karganrudi",
aliases = {"Khalkha"},
nil,
parent = "mn",
"tly-cen",
wikidata_item = 6399808,
}
}


m["mn-ord"] = {
m["tly-tul"] = {
canonicalName = "Ordos Mongolian",
"Tularudi",
aliases = {"Ordos"},
nil,
parent = "mn",
"tly-cen",
wikidata_item = 716904,
}
}


m["mn-cha"] = {
m["tly-tal"] = {
canonicalName = "Chakhar Mongolian",
"Taleshdulabi",
aliases = {"Chakhar"},
nil,
parent = "mn",
"tly-cen",
wikidata_item = 907425,
}
}


m["mn-khr"] = {
m["tly-nor"] = {
canonicalName = "Khorchin Mongolian",
"Northern Talysh",
aliases = {"Khorchin"},
nil,
parent = "mn",
"tly",
wikidata_item = 3196210,
}
}


m["mjg-huz"] = {
m["tly-aze"] = {
canonicalName = "Mongghul",
"Azerbaijani Talysh",
aliases = {"Huzhu Monguor"},
nil,
parent = "mjg",
"tly-nor",
wikidata_item = 34214,
}
}


m["mjg-min"] = {
m["tly-anb"] = {
canonicalName = "Mangghuer",
"Anbarani",
aliases = {"Minhe Monguor"},
nil,
parent = "mjg",
"tly-nor",
wikidata_item = 34214,
}
}


-- Japanese varieties
m["tly-sou"] = {
"Southern Talysh",
nil,
"tly",
}


m["ja-mid"] = {
m["tly-fum"] = {
canonicalName = "Middle Japanese",
"Fumani",
parent = "ojp",
nil,
wikidata_item = 6841474,
"tly-sou",
}
}


m["ja-mid-ear"] = {
m["tly-msu"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Middle Japanese",
"Masulei",
parent = "ja-mid",
nil,
wikidata_item = 182695,
"tly-sou",
}
}


m["ja-mid-lat"] = {
m["tly-msa"] = {
canonicalName = "Late Middle Japanese",
"Masali",
parent = "ja-mid",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1816184,
"tly-sou",
}
}


m["ja-ear"] = {
m["tly-san"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Modern Japanese",
"Shandarmani",
parent = "ja",
nil,
wikidata_item = 5326692,
"tly-sou",
}
}


-- Kartvelian varieties
-- Tafreshi lects


 
m["xme-amo"] = {
m["ka-mid"] = {
"Amorehi",
canonicalName = "Middle Georgian",
nil,
parent = "ka",
"xme-taf",
}
}


-- Korean varieties
m["atn"] = {
 
"Ashtiani",
m["oko-lat"] = {
3436590,
    canonicalName = "Late Old Korean",
"xme-taf",
parent = "oko",
}
}


m["okm-ear"] = {
m["xme-bor"] = {
    canonicalName = "Early Middle Korean",
"Borujerdi",
parent = "okm",
nil,
"xme-taf",
}
}


m["ko-ear"] = {
m["xme-ham"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Modern Korean",
"Hamadani",
parent = "ko",
6302426,
wikidata_item = 756014,
"xme-taf",
}
}


m["ko-c"] = {
m["xme-kah"] = {
canonicalName = "Central Korean",
"Kahaki",
parent = "ko",
nil,
"xme-taf",
}
}


m["ko-se"] = {
m["vaf"] = {
canonicalName = "Southeastern Korean",
"Vafsi",
parent = "ko",
32611,
"xme-taf",
}
}


m["ko-sw"] = {
-- Kermanic lects
canonicalName = "Southwestern Korean",
parent = "ko",
}


m["ko-nw"] = {
m["kfm"] = {
canonicalName = "Northwestern Korean",
"Khunsari",
parent = "ko",
6403030,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["ko-ne"] = {
m["xme-mah"] = {
canonicalName = "Northeastern Korean",
"Mahallati",
parent = "ko",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["ko-yuk"] = {
m["xme-von"] = {
canonicalName = "Yukjin Korean",
"Vonishuni",
parent = "ko",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}
}


-- Occitan varieties
m["xme-bdr"] = {
"Badrudi",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}


m["oc-auv"] = {
m["xme-del"] = {
canonicalName = "Auvergnat",
"Delijani",
aliases = {"Auvernhat", "Auvergnese"},
nil,
parent = "oc",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 35359,
}
}


m["oc-gas"] = {
m["xme-kas"] = {
canonicalName = "Gascon",
"Kashani",
parent = "oc",
nil,
wikidata_item = 35735,
"xme-ker",
}
}


-- standardized dialect of Gascon
m["xme-kes"] = {
m["oc-ara"] = {
"Kesehi",
canonicalName = "Aranese",
nil,
parent = "oc-gas",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 10196,
}
}


m["oc-lan"] = {
m["xme-mey"] = {
canonicalName = "Languedocien",
"Meymehi",
aliases = {"Lengadocian"},
nil,
parent = "oc",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 942602,
}
}


m["oc-lim"] = {
m["ntz"] = {
canonicalName = "Limousin",
"Natanzi",
parent = "oc",
6968399,
wikidata_item = 427614,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["oc-pro"] = {
m["xme-abz"] = {
canonicalName = "Provençal",
"Abuzeydabadi",
aliases = {"Provencal"},
nil,
parent = "oc",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 241243,
}
}


m["prv"] = m["oc-pro"]
m["xme-aby"] = {
"Abyanehi",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}


m["oc-viv"] = {
m["xme-far"] = {
canonicalName = "Vivaro-Alpine",
"Farizandi",
parent = "oc",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1649613,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["oc-jud"] = {
m["xme-jow"] = {
canonicalName = "Shuadit",
"Jowshaqani",
aliases = {
nil,
"Chouhadite", "Chouhadit", "Chouadite", "Chouadit", "Shuhadit",
"xme-ker",
"Judeo-Occitan", "Judæo-Occitan", "Judaeo-Occitan",
}
"Judeo-Provençal", "Judæo-Provençal", "Judaeo-Provençal",
 
"Judeo-Provencal", "Judaeo-Provencal",
m["xme-nas"] = {
"Judeo-Comtadin", "Judæo-Comtadin", "Judaeo-Comtadin",
"Nashalji",
},
nil,
parent = "oc",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 56472,
}
}


-- Phillipine varieties
m["xme-qoh"] = {
"Qohrudi",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}


m["tl-old"] = {
m["xme-yar"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Tagalog",
"Yarandi",
parent = "tl",
nil,
wikidata_item = 12967437,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["tl-cls"] = {
m["soj"] = {
canonicalName = "Classical Tagalog",
"Soi",
parent = "tl",
7930463,
"xme-ker",
aliases = {"Sohi"},
}
}


m["xme-tar"] = {
"Tari",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}


-- Pre-Roman substrates
m["gzi"] = {
"Gazi",
5529130,
"xme-ker",
}


m["qfa-sub-ibe"] = {
m["xme-sed"] = {
canonicalName = "a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia",
"Sedehi",
parent = "qfa-sub",
nil,
wikidata_item = 530799,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["qfa-sub-bal"] = {
m["xme-ard"] = {
canonicalName = "a pre-Roman substrate of the Balkans",
"Ardestani",
parent = "qfa-sub",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}
}


-- Sardinian varieties
m["xme-zef"] = {
 
"Zefrehi",
m["sc-src"] = {
nil,
canonicalName = "Logudorese",
"xme-ker",
aliases = {"Logudorese Sardinian"},
parent = "sc",
wikidata_item = 777974,
}
}


m["sc-nuo"] = {
m["xme-isf"] = {
canonicalName = "Nuorese",
"Isfahani",
aliases = {"Nuorese Sardinian"},
nil,
parent = "sc-src",
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["sc-sro"] = {
m["xme-kaf"] = {
canonicalName = "Campidanese",
"Kafroni",
aliases = {"Campidanese Sardinian"},
nil,
parent = "sc",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 35348,
}
}


-- Rwanda-Rundi varieties
m["xme-vrz"] = {
"Varzenehi",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}


m["rw-kin"] = {
m["xme-xur"] = {
canonicalName = "Kinyarwanda",
"Khuri",
aliases = {"Rwanda"},
nil,
parent = "rw",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 33573,
}
}


m["rw-run"] = {
m["nyq"] = {
canonicalName = "Kirundi",
"Nayini",
aliases = {"Rundi"},
6983146,
parent = "rw",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 33583,
}
}


-- Slavic varieties
m["xme-ana"] = {
"Anaraki",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}


m["cs-ear"] = {
m["gbz"] = {
canonicalName = "Early Modern Czech",
"Zoroastrian Dari",
parent = "cs",
32389,
"xme-ker",
aliases = {"Behdināni", "Gabri", "Gavrŭni", "Gabrōni"},
}
}


m["zle-oru"] = {
m["xme-krm"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Russian",
"Kermani",
parent = "orv",
nil,
wikidata_item = 35228,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["zle-obe"] = {
m["xme-yaz"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Belarusian",
"Yazdi",
parent = "orv",
nil,
wikidata_item = 13211,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["zle-ouk"] = {
m["xme-bid"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Ukrainian",
"Bidhandi",
parent = "orv",
nil,
wikidata_item = 13211,
"xme-ker",
}
}


---- Serbo-Croatian varieties
m["xme-bij"] = {
"Bijagani",
nil,
"xme-ker",
}


m["sh-cha"] = {
m["xme-cim"] = {
canonicalName = "Chakavian Serbo-Croatian",
"Chimehi",
aliases = {"Čakavian"},
nil,
parent = "sh",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 337565,
}
}
m["ckm"] = m["sh-cha"] -- ISO 639-3 code


m["sh-kaj"] = {
m["xme-han"] = {
canonicalName = "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"Hanjani",
parent = "sh",
nil,
wikidata_item = 838165,
"xme-ker",
}
}
m["kjv"] = m["sh-kaj"] -- ISO 639-3 code


m["sh-tor"] = { -- Linguist code srp-tor
m["xme-kom"] = {
canonicalName = "Torlakian Serbo-Croatian",
"Komjani",
aliases = {"Torlak"},
nil,
parent = "sh",
"xme-ker",
wikidata_item = 1078803,
}
}


-- Turkic lects
m["xme-nar"] = {
 
"Naraqi",
m["trk-cmn"] = {
nil,
canonicalName = "Common Turkic",
"xme-ker",
parent = "trk-pro",
wikidata_item = 1126028,
}
}


m["trk-ogz-pro"] = {
m["xme-nus"] = {
canonicalName = "Proto-Oghuz",
"Nushabadi",
aliases = {"Southwestern Common Turkic"},
nil,
parent = "trk-pro",
"xme-ker",
ancestors = {"trk-pro"},
wikidata_item = 494600,
}
}


m["otk-kir"] = {
m["xme-qal"] = {
canonicalName = "Old Kirghiz",
"Qalhari",
parent = "otk",
nil,
wikidata_item = 83142,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["klj-arg"] = {
m["xme-trh"] = {
canonicalName = "Arghu",
"Tarehi",
parent = "klj",
nil,
wikidata_item = 33455,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["qwm-arm"] = {
m["xme-val"] = {
    canonicalName = "Armeno-Kipchak",
"Valujerdi",
parent = "qwm",
nil,
wikidata_item = 2027503,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["qwm-mam"] = {
m["xme-var"] = {
    canonicalName = "Mamluk-Kipchak",
"Varani",
parent = "qwm",
nil,
wikidata_item = 4279942,
"xme-ker",
}
}


m["az-cls"] = {
m["xme-zor"] = {
    canonicalName = "Classical Azerbaijani",
"Zori",
    aliases = {"Classical Azeri"},
nil,
parent = "az",
"xme-ker",
}
}


-- Other lects
-- Ramandi lects


m["alv-kro"] = {
m["tks-ebr"] = {
canonicalName = "Kromanti",
"Ebrahimabadi",
parent = "crp",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1093206,
"tks",
}
}


m["bat-pro"] = {
m["tks-sag"] = {
canonicalName = "Proto-Baltic",
"Sagzabadi",
parent = "ine-bsl-pro",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1703347,
"tks",
}
}


m["es-lun"] = {
m["tks-esf"] = {
canonicalName = "Lunfardo",
"Esfarvarini",
parent = "es",
nil,
wikidata_item = 1401612,
"tks",
}
}
m["Lunfardo"] = m["es-lun"]


m["fiu-pro"] = {
m["tks-tak"] = {
canonicalName = "Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Takestani",
parent = "urj-pro",
nil,
wikidata_item = 79890,
"tks",
}
}


m["gem-sue"] = {
m["tks-cal"] = {
canonicalName = "Suevic",
"Chali Tati",
aliases = {"Suebian"},
nil,
parent = "gmw-pro",
"tks",
wikidata_item = 155085,
aliases = {"Chāli"},
}
}


m["mkh-okm-A"] = {
m["tks-dan"] = {
canonicalName = "Angkorian Old Khmer",
"Danesfani",
parent = "mkh-okm",
nil,
wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods",
"tks",
wikidata_item = 9205,
}
}


m["mkh-okm-P"] = {
m["tks-xia"] = {
canonicalName = "Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer",
"Khiaraji",
parent = "mkh-okm",
nil,
wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods",
"tks",
wikidata_item = 9205,
}
}


m["mul-tax"] = {
m["tks-xoz"] = {
canonicalName = "taxonomic name",
"Khoznini",
parent= "mul",
nil,
"tks",
}
}
m["Tax."] = m["mul-tax"]


m["qfa-pyg"] = {
-- Shughni dialects
canonicalName = "a substrate language originally spoken by the Pygmies",
parent = "qfa-sub",
wikipedia_article = "Classification of Pygmy languages#Original Pygmy language(s)",
}
m["pygmy"] = m["qfa-pyg"]


m["tai-shz"] = {
m["sgh-bro"] = {
canonicalName = "Shangsi Zhuang",
"Bartangi-Oroshori",
parent = "za",
nil,
wikidata_item = 13216,
"sgh",
}
}


m["tbq-pro"] = {
m["sgh-bar"] = {
canonicalName = "Proto-Tibeto-Burman",
"Bartangi",
parent = "sit-pro",
nil,
wikidata_item = 7251864,
"sgh-bro",
}
}


m["und-idn"] = {
m["sgh-oro"] = {
canonicalName = "Idiom Neutral",
"Oroshori",
parent = "und", -- or "vo"
nil,
wikipedia_article = "Idiom Neutral",
"sgh-bro",
wikidata_item = 35847,
aliases = {"Roshorvi"},
}
}


m["und-tdl"] = {
m["sgh-rsx"] = {
canonicalName = "Turduli",
"Roshani-Khufi",
parent = "und",
nil,
wikipedia_article = "Turduli",
"sgh",
}
}


m["und-tdt"] = {
m["sgh-xuf"] = {
canonicalName = "Turdetani",
"Khufi",
parent = "und",
2562249,
wikipedia_article = "Turdetani",
"sgh-rsx",
aliases = {"Xufi", "Xūfī"},
}
}


m["und-xbi"] = {
m["sgh-ros"] = {
canonicalName = "Xianbei",
"Roshani",
parent = "und",
2597566,
wikipedia_article = "Xianbei",
"sgh-rsx",
aliases = {"Rushani", "Rōšāni"},
}
}


m["und-xnu"] = {
m["sgh-xgb"] = {
canonicalName = "Xiongnu",
"Khughni-Bajui",
parent = "und",
nil,
wikipedia_article = "Xiongnu",
"sgh",
}
}


m["urj-fpr-pro"] = {
m["sgh-xug"] = {
canonicalName = "Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Khughni",
parent = "urj-pro",
nil,
"sgh-xgb",
}
}


m["woy"] = {
m["sgh-baj"] = {
canonicalName = "Weyto",
"Bajui",
parent = "und",
nil,
wikidata_item = 3915918,
"sgh-xgb",
}
}


-- Indo-Aryan varieties
m["inc-mit"] = {
"Mitanni",
1986700,
"inc-pro",
}
m["bra-old"] = {
"Old Braj",
nil,
"bra",
}
m["gu-kat"] = {
"Kathiyawadi",
nil,
"gu",
aliases = {"Kathiyawadi Gujarati", "Kathiawadi"},
}
m["gu-lda"] = {
"Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati",
nil,
"gu",
aliases = {"Lisan ud-Dawat", "LDA"},
}
m["hi-mum"] = {
"Bombay Hindi",
3543151,
"hi",
aliases = {"Mumbai Hindi", "Bambaiyya Hindi"},
}
m["hi-mid"] = {
"Middle Hindi",
nil,
"inc-ohi",
ancestors = "inc-ohi",
}
m["pnb"] = {
"Western Panjabi",
58635,
"pa",
"pa-Arab",
}
m["vsn"] = {
"Vedic Sanskrit",
36858,
"sa",
}
m["sa-bhs"] = {
"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit",
248758,
"sa",
}
m["sa-bra"] = {
"Brahmanic Sanskrit",
36858,
"sa",
}
m["sa-cls"] = {
"Classical Sanskrit",
11059,
"sa",
}
m["sa-neo"] = {
"New Sanskrit",
11059,
"sa",
}
m["si-med"] = {
"Medieval Sinhalese",
nil,
"si",
aliases = {"Medieval Sinhala"},
}
m["kok-mid"] = {
"Middle Konkani",
nil,
"kok",
aliases = {"Medieval Konkani"},
}
m["kok-old"] = {
"Old Konkani",
nil,
"kok",
aliases = {"Early Konkani"},
}
-- Indian subcontinent languages
-- Dhivehi varieties
m["dv-mul"] = {
"Mulaku Dhivehi",
nil,
"dv",
aliases = {"Mulaku Divehi", "Mulaku Bas"},
}
m["dv-huv"] = {
"Huvadhu Dhivehi",
nil,
"dv",
aliases = {"Huvadhu Divehi", "Huvadhu Bas"},
}
m["dv-add"] = {
"Addu Dhivehi",
nil,
"dv",
aliases = {"Addu Divehi", "Addu Bas"},
}
-- Dravidian varieties
m["ta-mid"] = {
"Middle Tamil",
20987434,
"ta",
}
m["kn-hav"] = {
"Havigannada",
24276369,
"kn",
}
m["kn-kun"] = {
"Kundagannada",
6444255,
"kn",
}
-- Prakrits
m["pra-ard"] = {
"Ardhamagadhi Prakrit",
35217,
"pra",
aliases = {"Ardhamagadhi"},
}
m["pra-hel"] = {
"Helu Prakrit",
15080869,
"pra",
aliases = {"Elu", "Elu Prakrit", "Helu"},
}
m["pra-kha"] = {
"Khasa Prakrit",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Khasa"},
}
m["pra-mag"] = {
"Magadhi Prakrit", -- Not to be confused with Magahi (mag)
2652214,
"pra",
aliases = {"Magadhi"},
}
m["pra-mah"] = {
"Maharastri Prakrit",
2586773,
"pra",
aliases = {"Maharashtri Prakrit", "Maharastri", "Maharashtri"},
}
m["pra-pai"] = {
"Paisaci Prakrit",
2995607,
"pra-sau",
aliases = {"Paisaci", "Paisachi"},
ancestors = "pra-sau"
}
m["pra-sau"] = {
"Sauraseni Prakrit",
2452885,
"pra",
aliases = {"Sauraseni", "Shauraseni"},
}
m["pra-ava"] = {
"Avanti",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Avanti Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-pra"] = {
"Pracya",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Pracya Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-bah"] = {
"Bahliki",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Bahliki Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-dak"] = {
"Daksinatya",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Daksinatya Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-sak"] = {
"Sakari",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Sakari Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-can"] = {
"Candali",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Candali Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-sab"] = {
"Sabari",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Sabari Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-abh"] = {
"Abhiri",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Abhiri Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-dra"] = {
"Dramili",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Dramili Prakrit"},
}
m["pra-odr"] = {
"Odri",
nil,
"pra",
aliases = {"Odri Prakrit"},
}
-- Apabhramsas
m["inc-aav"] = {
"Avahattha",
nil,
"inc-apa",
aliases = {"Abahattha"},
}
m["inc-asa"] = {
"Sauraseni Apabhramsa",
nil,
"inc-apa",
}
m["inc-agu"] = {
"Gurjara Apabhramsa",
nil,
"inc-apa",
}
m["inc-aka"] = {
"Kasmiri Apabhramsa",
nil,
"inc-apa",
}
m["inc-ama"] = {
"Maharastri Apabhramsa",
nil,
"inc-apa",
}
m["inc-ata"] = {
"Takka Apabhramsa",
nil,
"inc-apa",
}
m["inc-avr"] = {
"Vracada Apabhramsa",
nil,
"inc-apa",
}
-- Italian, Latin and other Italic varieties
m["roa-oit"] = {
"Old Italian",
nil,
"it",
}
m["it-CH"] = {
"Switzerland Italian",
672147,
"it",
}
-- Latin varieties by period
m["itc-ola"] = {
"Old Latin",
12289,
"la",
"Latn, Ital",
translit = {
Ital = "Ital-translit"
},
}
m["itc-lan"] = {
"Lanuvian",
16890829,
"itc-ola",
aliases = {"Lanuvine"},
}
m["itc-pra"] = {
"Praenestine",
16889772,
"itc-ola",
aliases = {"Praenestinian"},
}
m["la-cla"] = {
"Classical Latin",
253854,
"la",
}
m["la-vul"] = {
"Vulgar Latin",
37560,
"la-cla",
}
m["la-afr"] = {
"African Romance",
162064,
"roa-pro",
}
m["la-lat"] = {
"Late Latin",
1503113,
"la",
ancestors = "la-cla",
}
m["la-med"] = {
"Medieval Latin",
1163234,
"la",
ancestors = "la-lat",
}
m["la-eme"] = {
"Early Medieval Latin",
nil,
"la-med",
}
m["la-ecc"] = {
"Ecclesiastical Latin",
1247932,
"la",
aliases = {"Church Latin", "Liturgical Latin"},
ancestors = "la-lat",
}
m["la-ren"] = {
"Renaissance Latin",
499083,
"la",
ancestors = "la-med",
}
m["la-new"] = {
"New Latin",
1248221,
"la",
aliases = {"Modern Latin"},
ancestors = "la-ren",
}
m["la-con"] = {
"Contemporary Latin",
1246397,
"la-new",
}
m["roa-pro"] = {
"Proto-Romance",
3408029,
"la-lat",
ancestors = "la-vul",
}
-- other Italic lects
m["xfa-cap"] = {
"Capenate",
133182969,
"xfa",
}
m["osc-luc"] = {
"Lucanian",
3265025,
"osc",
}
m["osc-sam"] = {
"Samnite",
133184287,
"osc",
}
-- Malay and related varieties
m["ms-old"] = {
"Old Malay",
nil,
"ms",
}
m["ms-cla"] = {
"Classical Malay",
nil,
"ms",
ancestors = "ms-old",
}
m["pse-bsm"] = {
"Besemah",
nil,
"pse",
}
m["bew-kot"] = {
"Betawi Kota",
nil,
"bew",
aliases = {"Urban Betawi"}, -- in Jakarta
}
-- Mongolic lects
m["xng-ear"] = {
"Early Middle Mongol",
nil,
"xng",
}
m["xng-lat"] = {
"Late Middle Mongol",
nil,
"xng",
ancestors = "xng-ear",
}
m["mn-kha"] = {
"Khalkha Mongolian",
6399808,
"mn",
aliases = {"Khalkha"},
}
m["mn-ord"] = {
"Ordos Mongolian",
716904,
"mn",
aliases = {"Ordos"},
}
m["mn-cha"] = {
"Chakhar Mongolian",
907425,
"mn",
aliases = {"Chakhar"},
}
m["mn-khr"] = {
"Khorchin Mongolian",
3196210,
"mn",
aliases = {"Khorchin"},
}
-- Japanese varieties
m["ja-mid"] = {
"Middle Japanese",
6841474,
"ojp",
ancestors = "ojp",
}
m["ja-mid-ear"] = {
"Early Middle Japanese",
182695,
"ja-mid",
}
m["ja-mid-lat"] = {
"Late Middle Japanese",
1816184,
"ja-mid",
ancestors = "ja-mid-ear",
}
m["ja-ear"] = {
"Early Modern Japanese",
5326692,
"ja",
ancestors = "ja-mid-lat",
}
m["ojp-eas"] = {
"Eastern Old Japanese",
65247957,
"ojp",
}
-- Kartvelian varieties
m["ka-mid"] = {
"Middle Georgian",
nil,
"ka",
ancestors = "oge",
}
-- Korean varieties
m["oko-lat"] = {
"Late Old Korean",
nil,
"oko",
}
m["okm-ear"] = {
"Early Middle Korean",
nil,
"okm",
}
m["ko-cen"] = {
"Central Korean",
nil,
"ko",
}
m["ko-gyg"] = {
"Gyeonggi Korean",
485492,
"ko-cen",
aliases = {"Seoul Korean"},
}
m["ko-chu"] = {
"Chungcheong Korean",
625800,
"ko-cen",
aliases = {"Hoseo Korean"},
}
m["ko-hwa"] = {
"Hwanghae Korean",
16183706,
"ko-cen",
}
m["ko-gan"] = {
"Gangwon Korean",
11260444,
"ko-cen",
aliases = {"Yeongdong Korean"},
}
m["ko-gys"] = {
"Gyeongsang Korean",
488002,
"ko",
aliases = {"Southeastern Korean"},
}
m["ko-jeo"] = {
"Jeolla Korean",
11250166,
"ko",
aliases = {"Southwestern Korean"},
}
m["ko-pyo"] = {
"Pyongan Korean",
7263142,
"ko",
aliases = {"Northwestern Korean"},
}
m["ko-ham"] = {
"Hamgyong Korean",
860702,
"ko",
aliases = {"Northeastern Korean"},
}
m["ko-yuk"] = {
"Yukjin Korean",
16171275,
"ko",
aliases = {"Yukchin Korean", "Ryukjin Korean", "Ryukchin Korean"},
}
-- Occitan varieties
m["oc-auv"] = {
"Auvergnat",
35359,
"oc",
aliases = {"Auvernhat", "Auvergnese"},
}
m["oc-gas"] = {
"Gascon",
35735,
"oc",
}
-- standardized dialect of Gascon
m["oc-ara"] = {
"Aranese",
10196,
"oc-gas",
}
m["oc-lan"] = {
"Languedocien",
942602,
"oc",
aliases = {"Lengadocian"},
}
m["oc-lim"] = {
"Limousin",
427614,
"oc",
}
m["oc-pro"] = {
"Provençal",
241243,
"oc",
aliases = {"Provencal"},
}
m["oc-pro-old"] = {
"Old Provençal",
2779185,
"pro",
}
m["oc-viv"] = {
"Vivaro-Alpine",
1649613,
"oc",
}
m["oc-jud"] = {
"Shuadit",
56472,
"oc",
aliases = {
"Chouhadite", "Chouhadit", "Chouadite", "Chouadit", "Shuhadit",
"Judeo-Occitan", "Judæo-Occitan", "Judaeo-Occitan",
"Judeo-Provençal", "Judæo-Provençal", "Judaeo-Provençal",
"Judeo-Provencal", "Judaeo-Provencal",
"Judeo-Comtadin", "Judæo-Comtadin", "Judaeo-Comtadin",
},
}
-- Old Tupi varieties
m["tpw-lga"] = {
"Língua Geral Amazônica",
18275323,
"tpw",
aliases = {"Língua Geral"},
}
-- Oromo varieties
m["hae"] = {
"Harar Oromo",
5330355,
"om",
aliases = {"Eastern Oromo"},
}
m["gax"] = {
"Borana",
2910610,
"om",
aliases = {"Southern Oromo"},
}
m["orc"] = {
"Orma",
2919128,
"om",
}
m["ssn"] = {
"Waata",
3501553,
"om",
}
-- Phillipine varieties
m["tl-old"] = {
"Old Tagalog",
12967437,
"tl",
}
m["tl-cls"] = {
"Classical Tagalog",
nil,
"tl",
}
-- Pre-Roman substrates
m["qsb-ibe"] = {
"Paleo-Hispanic",
246801,
"und",
family = "qfa-sub",
aliases = {"Palaeo-Hispanic", "Paleohispanic", "Palaeohispanic", "Paleo-Iberian", "Palaeo-Iberian"},
}
m["qsb-bal"] = {
"Paleo-Balkan",
1815070,
"und",
family = "qfa-sub",
aliases = {"Palaeo-Balkan", "Paleobalkan", "Palaeobalkan"},
}
-- Sardinian varieties
m["sc-src"] = {
"Logudorese",
777974,
"sc",
aliases = {"Logudorese Sardinian"},
}
m["sc-nuo"] = {
"Nuorese",
nil,
"sc-src",
aliases = {"Nuorese Sardinian"},
}
m["sc-sro"] = {
"Campidanese",
35348,
"sc",
aliases = {"Campidanese Sardinian"},
}
-- Rwanda-Rundi varieties
m["rw-kin"] = {
"Kinyarwanda",
33573,
"rw",
aliases = {"Rwanda"},
}
m["rw-run"] = {
"Kirundi",
33583,
"rw",
aliases = {"Rundi"},
}
-- Slavic varieties
m["cs-ear"] = {
"Early Modern Czech",
nil,
"cs",
ancestors = "zlw-ocs"
}
m["cu-bgm"] = {
"Middle Bulgarian",
12294897,
"cu",
ancestors = "cu"
}
m["zle-mru"] = {
"Middle Russian",
35228,
"ru",
"Cyrs",
ancestors = "orv",
translit = "ru-translit",
entry_name = {
Cyrs = {
remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.diaer,
},
},
}
m["zle-mbe"] = {
"Middle Belarusian",
13211,
"zle-ort",
}
m["zle-muk"] = {
"Middle Ukrainian",
13211,
"zle-ort",
}
m["uk-CA"] = {
"Canadian Ukrainian",
4161010,
"uk",
}
-- Church Slavonic varieties
-- Old Moscow Church Slavonic deleted as it seems not distinct enough from Russian (Synodal) Church Slavonic.
m["zls-chs-ru"] = {
"Russian Church Slavonic",
21662400,
"zls-chs",
aliases = {"Synodal Church Slavonic", "New Moscow Church Slavonic", "Novomoskovsk Church Slavonic"},
}
m["zls-chs-uk"] = {
"Ukrainian Church Slavonic",
12153548,
"zls-chs",
aliases = {"Rusyn Church Slavonic", "Belarusian Church Slavonic"},
}
--[=[
-- Not sure about these yet.
m["zls-chs-bg"] = {
"Bulgarian Church Slavonic",
nil,
"zls-chs",
}
m["zls-chs-cs"] = {
"Czech Church Slavonic",
nil,
"zls-chs",
}
m["zls-chs-hr"] = {
"Croatian Church Slavonic",
nil,
"zls-chs",
}
m["zls-chs-mk"] = {
"Macedonian Church Slavonic",
nil,
"zls-chs",
}
m["zls-chs-ro"] = {
"Romanian Church Slavonic",
nil,
"zls-chs",
}
m["zls-chs-sr"] = {
"Serbian Church Slavonic",
nil,
"zls-chs",
}
]=]
-- Polish varieties
m["zlw-mpl"] = {
"Middle Polish",
402878,
"pl",
ancestors = "zlw-opl",
entry_name = {
remove_diacritics = c.acute,
remove_exceptions = {"Ć", "ć", "Ń", "ń", "Ó", "ó", "Ś", "ś", "Ź", "ź"},
},
}
m["pl-gre"] = {
"Greater Polish",
4106789,
"pl",
}
m["pl-les"] = {
"Lesser Polish",
361709,
"pl",
}
m["pl-mas"] = {
"Masovian Polish",
4274559,
"pl",
}
m["pl-gor"] = {
"Goral",
452889,
"pl",
}
m["zle-ops"] = {
"Old Pskovian",
4167885,
"zle-ono",
}
-- Serbo-Croatian varieties
m["ckm"] = {
"Chakavian Serbo-Croatian",
337565,
"sh",
aliases = {"Čakavian"},
}
m["kjv"] = {
"Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
838165,
"sh",
}
m["sh-tor"] = { -- Linguist code srp-tor
"Torlakian Serbo-Croatian",
1078803,
"sh",
aliases = {"Torlak"},
}
-- Tibetic lects
m["adx"] = {
"Amdo Tibetan",
56509,
"bo",
}
m["kbg"] = {
"Khamba",
12952626,
"bo",
}
m["khg"] = {
"Khams Tibetan",
56601,
"bo",
}
m["tsk"] = {
"Tseku",
11159532,
"bo",
}
-- Tuareg lects
m["thv"] = {
"Tamahaq",
56703,
"tmh",
}
m["ttq"] = {
"Tawellemmet",
56390,
"tmh",
}
m["taq"] = {
"Tamasheq",
4670066,
"tmh",
}
m["thz"] = {
"Tayert",
56388,
"tmh",
}
m["thv-ght"] = {
"Ghat",
47012900,
"thv",
}
-- Turkic lects
m["trk-cmn-pro"] = {
"Proto-Common Turkic",
1126028,
"trk-pro",
}
m["trk-ogr-pro"] = {
"Proto-Oghur",
1422731,
"trk-pro",
family = "trk-ogr",
}
m["trk-bul-pro"] = {
"Proto-Bulgar",
nil,
"trk-ogr-pro",
}
m["trk-ogz-pro"] = {
"Proto-Oghuz",
494600,
"trk-pro",
family = "trk-ogz",
aliases = {"Southwestern Common Turkic"},
}
m["crh-dbj"] = {
"Dobrujan Tatar",
12811566,
"crh",
aliases = {"Romanian Tatar"},
}
m["cv-ana"] = {
"Anatri Chuvash",
nil,
"cv",
aliases = {"Anatri", "Lower Chuvash"},
}
m["cv-mid"] = {
"Middle Chuvash",
nil,
"cv",
ancestors = "cv-old",
}
m["cv-old"] = {
"Old Chuvash",
nil,
"cv",
ancestors = "xbo-vol",
}
m["cv-vir"] = {
"Viryal Chuvash",
4278332,
"cv",
aliases = {"Viryal", "Upper Chuvash"},
}
m["kjh-fyu"] = {
"Fuyu Kyrgyz",
2598963,
"kjh",
aliases = {"Fuyu Kirgiz", "Fuyu Kirghiz", "Manchurian Kyrgyz", "Manchurian Kirgiz", "Manchurian Kirghiz"},
}
m["klj-arg"] = {
"Arghu",
33455,
"klj",
ancestors = "trk-cmn-pro",
}
m["otk-kir"] = {
"Old Kirghiz",
83142,
"otk",
aliases = {"Yenisei Turkic", "Yenisei Kyrgyz"},
}
m["otk-ork"] = {
"Orkhon Turkic",
31295480,
"otk",
}
m["qwm-cum"] = {
"Cuman",
1075050,
"qwm",
aliases = {"Kuman", "Polovtsian", "Polovcian"},
}
m["qwm-arm"] = {
"Armeno-Kipchak",
2027503,
"qwm",
ancestors = "qwm-cum",
aliases = {"Xıpçaχ tili", "Tatarça"},
}
m["qwm-mam"] = {
"Mamluk-Kipchak",
4279942,
"qwm",
aliases = {"Mameluk-Kipchak"},
}
m["az-cls"] = {
"Classical Azerbaijani",
nil,
"az",
aliases = {"Classical Azeri"},
}
m["qxq"] = {
"Qashqai",
13192,
"az",
aliases = {"Qaşqay", "Qashqayi", "Kashkai", "Kashkay"},
}
m["tr-CY"] = {
"Cypriot Turkish",
7917392,
"tr",
}
m["uz-afg"] = {
-- NOTE: has ISO 639-3 code uzs assigned to it.
"Afghan Uzbek",
1066787,
"uz",
aliases = {"Southern Uzbek"},
translit = "uz-afg-translit",
}
m["xbo-dan"] = {
"Danube Bulgar",
nil,
"xbo",
}
m["xbo-vol"] = {
"Volga Bulgar",
nil,
"xbo",
}
-- Uralic lects
m["krl-nor"] = {
"North Karelian",
125501196,
"krl",
}
m["krl-sou"] = {
"South Karelian",
129812730,
"krl",
}
m["mns-eas"] = {
"Eastern Mansi",
30311755,
"mns-cen",
}
m["mns-wes"] = {
"Western Mansi",
30311756,
"mns-cen",
}
-- Yeneseian lects
m["qfa-yke-pro"] = {
"Proto-Ketic",
nil,
"qfa-yen-pro",
family = "qfa-yke",
}
m["qfa-yko-pro"] = {
"Proto-Kottic",
nil,
"qfa-yen-pro",
family = "qfa-yko",
}
m["qfa-yrn-pro"] = {
"Proto-Arinic",
nil,
"qfa-yen-pro",
family = "qfa-yrn",
}
m["qfa-ypm-pro"] = {
"Proto-Pumpokolic",
nil,
"qfa-yen-pro",
family = "qfa-ypm",
}
-- Other lects
m["alv-kro"] = {
"Kromanti",
1093206,
"crp-mar",
}
m["bat-pro"] = {
"Proto-Baltic",
1703347,
"ine-bsl-pro",
}
m["bat-dni"] = {
"Dnieper Baltic",
4163178,
"bat-pro",
family = "bat",
aliases = {"Dniepr Baltic", "Dnieper-Oka Baltic", "Dniepr-Oka Baltic"},
}
m["bat-gol"] = {
"Golyad",
4142855,
"bat-dni",
aliases = {"Eastern Galindian", "East Galindian"},
}
m["es-lun"] = {
"Lunfardo",
1401612,
"es",
}
m["fiu-pro"] = {
"Proto-Finno-Ugric",
79890,
"urj-pro",
}
m["iro-ohu"] = {
"Old Wendat",
nil,
"wdt",
}
m["iro-omo"] = {
"Old Mohawk",
nil,
"moh",
}
m["iro-oon"] = {
"Old Onondaga",
nil,
"ono",
}
m["okz-ang"] = {
"Angkorian Old Khmer",
nil,
"okz",
wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods",
}
m["okz-pre"] = {
"Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer",
nil,
"okz",
wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods",
}
m["mul-tax"] = {
"taxonomic name",
522190,
"mul",
}
m["tai-shz"] = {
"Shangsi Zhuang",
13216,
"za",
}
m["tbq-pro"] = {
"Proto-Tibeto-Burman",
7251864,
"sit-pro",
}
m["th-old"] = {
"Old Thai",
nil,
"tai-swe-pro",
wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai",
}
m["th-suk"] = {
"Sukhothai Old Thai", -- 1238-1438. Cannot use "Sukhothai Thai" as Sukhothai is the current city and "Sukhothai Thai" is a lect.
nil,
"th-old",
aliases = {"Sukhothai Siamese"},
wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai",
}
m["th-ayu"] = {
"Ayutthaya Old Thai", -- 1351-1767. Cannot use "Ayutthaya Thai" as Ayutthaya is the current city.
nil,
"th-old",
aliases = {"Ayutthaya Siamese"},
wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai",
}
m["urj-fpr-pro"] = {
"Proto-Finno-Permic",
nil,
"urj-pro",
}
--[[
m["th-new"] = {
"Hacked Thai", -- temporary for testing new translit/display methods
nil,
"th",
translit = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
display_text = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
entry_name = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
preprocess_links = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
}
]]


return m
return require("Module:languages").finalizeData(m, "language", true)

Revision as of 17:28, 19 October 2025

Documentation for this module may be created at Module:etymology languages/data/doc

local m_langdata = require("Module:languages/data")

-- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data).
local function u(...)
	u = require("Module:string utilities").char
	return u(...)
end

local c = m_langdata.chars
local p = m_langdata.puaChars
local s = m_langdata.shared

local m = {}

-- Ainu varieties

m["ain-hok"] = {
	"Hokkaido Ainu",
	20968488,
	"ain",
	aliases = {"Hokkaidō Ainu"},
}

m["ain-kur"] = {
	"Kuril Ainu",
	20967012,
	"ain",
}

m["ain-sak"] = {
	"Sakhalin Ainu",
	20747371,
	"ain",
}

-- Akan varieties

m["tw"] = {
	"Twi Akan",
	36850,
	"ak",
	aliases = {"Twi"},
}

m["tw-abr"] = {
	"Bono Twi",
	34831,
	"tw",
	aliases = {"Bono", "Abron", "Brong"},
}

m["tw-asa"] = {
	"Asante Twi",
	19261685,
	"tw",
	aliases = {"Asante", "Ashanti", "Ashante"},
}

m["tw-aku"] = {
	"Akuapem Twi",
	31150449,
	"tw",
	aliases = {"Akuapem", "Akuapim", "Akwapem Twi", "Akwapi"},
}

m["fat"] = {
	"Fante Akan",
	35570,
	"ak",
	aliases = {"Fante", "Fanti", "Fantse", "Mfantse"},
}

-- Albanian varieties

m["aln"] = {
	"Gheg Albanian",
	181037,
	"sq",
	aliases = {"Gheg"},
}

m["aae"] = {
	"Arbëresh Albanian",
	1075302,
	"als",
	aliases = {"Arbëreshë", "Arbëresh"},
}

m["aat"] = {
	"Arvanitika Albanian",
	29347,
	"als",
	aliases = {"Arvanitika"},
}

m["als"] = {
	"Tosk Albanian",
	180937,
	"sq",
	aliases = {"Tosk"},
}

-- Bantu varieties

m["bnt-cmn"] = {
	"Common Bantu",
	nil,
	"bnt-pro",
}

-- Semitic varieties

-- Akkadian varieties

m["akk-old"] = {
	"Old Akkadian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-obb"] = {
	"Old Babylonian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-oas"] = {
	"Old Assyrian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-mbb"] = {
	"Middle Babylonian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-mas"] = {
	"Middle Assyrian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-nbb"] = {
	"Neo-Babylonian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-nas"] = {
	"Neo-Assyrian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-lbb"] = {
	"Late Babylonian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

m["akk-stb"] = {
	"Standard Babylonian",
	nil,
	"akk",
}

-- Arabic varieties

m["jrb"] = {
	"Judeo-Arabic",
	37733,
	"ar",
}

-- Aramaic varieties

m["arc-bib"] = {
	"Biblical Aramaic",
	843235,
	"arc",
	family = "sem-are",
}

m["arc-cpa"] = {
	"Christian Palestinian Aramaic",
	60790119,
	"arc",
	family = "sem-arw",
	aliases = {"Melkite Aramaic", "Palestinian Syriac", "Syropalestinian Aramaic"},
}

m["arc-imp"] = {
	"Imperial Aramaic",
	7079491,
	"arc",
	aliases = {"Official Aramaic"},
}

m["arc-hat"] = {
	"Hatran Aramaic",
	3832926,
	"arc",
	family = "sem-are",
}

m["arc-jla"] = {
	"Jewish Literary Aramaic",
	105952842,
	"arc",
}

m["arc-nab"] = {
	"Nabataean Aramaic",
	36178,
	"arc",
}

m["arc-old"] = {
	"Old Aramaic",
	3398392,
	"arc",
}

m["arc-pal"] = {
	"Palmyrene Aramaic",
	1510113,
	"arc",
	family = "sem-arw",
}

m["tmr"] = {
	"Jewish Babylonian Aramaic",
	33407,
	"arc",
	family = "sem-ase",
}

m["jpa"] = {
	"Jewish Palestinian Aramaic",
	948909,
	"arc",
	family = "sem-arw",
	aliases = {"Galilean Aramaic"},
}

-- Berber varieties

m["shi-med"] = {
	"Medieval Tashelhit",
	34152,
	"shi",
}

-- Catalan varieties

m["ca-val"] = {
	"Valencian",
	32641,
	"ca",
}

-- Central Nicobarese varieties

m["ncb-cam"] = {
	"Camorta",
	5026908,
	"ncb",
	aliases = {"Kamorta"},
}

m["ncb-kat"] = {
	"Katchal",
	17064263,
	"ncb",
	aliases = {"Tehnu"},
}

m["ncb-nan"] = {
	"Nancowry",
	6962504,
	"ncb",
	aliases = {"Nankwari"},
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                Chinese varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------

------------- Old Chinese, Middle Chinese -------------

m["och-ear"] = {
	"Early Old Chinese",
	nil,
	"och",
}

m["och-lat"] = {
	"Late Old Chinese",
	nil,
	"och",
}

m["ltc-ear"] = {
	"Early Middle Chinese",
	nil,
	"ltc",
}

m["ltc-lat"] = {
	"Late Middle Chinese",
	nil,
	"ltc",
}

------------- Classical/Literary varieties -------------

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-shi"] = {
	"Traditional Chinese poetry",
	1759242,
	"lzh",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-cii"] = {
	"Ci",
	1091366,
	"lzh",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-yue"] = {
	"Classical Cantonese",
	nil,
	"lzh",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-cmn"] = {
	"Classical Mandarin",
	nil,
	"lzh",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-tai"] = {
	"Classical Taishanese",
	nil,
	"lzh",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-cmn-TW"] = {
	"Classical Taiwanese Mandarin",
	nil,
	"lzh-cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-VI"] = {
	"Vietnamese Classical Chinese",
	17034227,
	"lzh",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-KO"] = {
	"Korean Classical Chinese",
	10496257,
	"lzh",
	ietf_subtag = "lzh-KR" -- KR = South Korea, as there is no code for Korea as a whole
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["lzh-lit"] = {
	"Literary Chinese",
	nil,
	"lzh",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: Do we need this? How does it differ from Old Chinese?
m["lzh-pre"] = {
	"Pre-Classical Chinese",
	nil,
	"lzh",
}

------------- Written Vernacular varieties -------------

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-wvc"] = {
	"Written vernacular Mandarin",
	783605,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Literary Cantonese"?
m["yue-wvc"] = {
	"Written vernacular Cantonese",
	nil,
	"yue",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["zhx-tai-wvc"] = {
	"Written vernacular Taishanese",
	nil,
	"zhx-tai",
}

------------- Mandarin varieties -------------

-- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List assigns the "w:Beijing dialect" (Wikidata 1147606) the code "cmn-bej" and
-- the larger "w:Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)" dialect group (Wikidata 2169652; what we call "Beijingic
-- Mandarin", after Glottolog) the code "cmn-bei".
m["cmn-bei"] = {
	"Beijing Mandarin",
	1147606,
	"cmn-bec",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-bec"] = {
	"Beijingic Mandarin",
	2169652,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List uses the code cmn-zho.
m["cmn-cep"] = {
	"Central Plains Mandarin",
	3048775,
	"cmn",
	aliases = {"Zhongyuan Mandarin"},
}

m["cmn-ear"] = {
	"Early Mandarin",
	837169,
	"cmn",
	ancestors = "ltc",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-gua"] = {
	"Guanzhong Mandarin",
	3431648,
	"cmn-cep",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Guiliu Mandarin, which in turn is a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin.
m["cmn-gui"] = {
	"Guilin Mandarin",
	11111636,
	"cmn-sow",
}

m["cmn-jhu"] = {
	"Jianghuai Mandarin",
	2128953,
	"cmn",
	aliases = {"Lower Yangtze Mandarin"},
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-lan"] = {
	"Lanyin Mandarin",
	662754,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-MY"] = {
	"Malaysian Mandarin",
	13646143,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-nan"] = {
	"Nanjing Mandarin",
	2681098,
	"cmn-jhu",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-noe"] = {
	"Northeastern Mandarin",
	1064504,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-PH"] = {
	"Philippine Mandarin",
	7185155,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-SG"] = {
	"Singapore Mandarin",
	1048980,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-sow"] = {
	"Southwestern Mandarin",
	2609239,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Jilu Mandarin.
m["cmn-tia"] = {
	"Tianjin Mandarin",
	7800220,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: Wikidata also has Q4380827 "Taiwanese Mandarin", defined as "rare dialect of Standard Chinese
-- (Mandarin) used in Taiwan, which is strongly influenced by Taiwanese Hokkien; mostly used by elderlies" and having no
-- English Wikipedia article (but see w:zh:臺灣國語).
m["cmn-TW"] = {
	"Taiwanese Mandarin",
	262828,
	"cmn",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Wu-Tian Mandarin, in turn a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin.
-- Given the code cmn-xwu in the Linguist List.
m["cmn-wuh"] = {
	"Wuhan Mandarin",
	11124731,
	"cmn-sow",
	aliases = {"Wuhanese"},
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Lanyin Mandarin.
m["cmn-xin"] = {
	"Xining Mandarin",
	nil,
	"cmn-lan",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["cmn-yan"] = {
	"Yangzhou Mandarin",
	nil,
	"cmn-jhu",
}

------------- Cantonese varieties -------------

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["yue-gua"] = {
	"Guangzhou Cantonese",
	nil,
	"yue",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. Given the codes yue-yue or yue-can in the Linguist List.
m["yue-HK"] = {
	"Hong Kong Cantonese",
	5894342,
	"yue",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Written vernacular Cantonese"?
m["yue-lit"] = {
	"Literary Cantonese",
	2472605,
	"yue",
}

------------- Wu varieties -------------

m["wuu-han"] = {
	"Hangzhounese",
	5648144,
	"wuu",
}

m["wuu-nin"] = {
	"Ningbonese",
	3972199,
	"wuu",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["wuu-nor"] = {
	"Northern Wu",
	7675988,
	"wuu",
	aliases = {"Taihu Wu"},
}

-- FIXME: Temporary? Subvariety of Taihu Wu. NOTE: "chm" stands for Chongming, the main dialect, to avoid a conflict
-- with Shanghainese.
m["wuu-chm"] = {
	"Shadi Wu",
	6112340,
	"wuu-nor",
}

m["wuu-sha"] = {
	"Shanghainese",
	36718,
	"wuu-nor",
}

m["wuu-suz"] = {
	"Suzhounese",
	831744,
	"wuu-nor",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. May be converted into a full language and/or split.
m["wuu-wen"] = {
	"Wenzhounese",
	710218,
	"wuu",
}

------------- Xiang varieties -------------

m["hsn-lou"] = {
	"Loudi Xiang",
	10943823,
	"hsn-old",
}

m["hsn-hya"] = {
	"Hengyang Xiang",
	20689035,
	"hsn-hzh",
}

m["hsn-hzh"] = {
	"Hengzhou Xiang",
	nil,
	"hsn",
}

m["hsn-new"] = {
	"New Xiang",
	7012696,
	"hsn",
	aliases = {"Chang-Yi"},
}

m["hsn-old"] = {
	"Old Xiang",
	7085453,
	"hsn",
	aliases = {"Lou-Shao"},
}

------------- Hakka varieties -------------

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-dab"] = {
	"Dabu Hakka",
	19855566,
	"hak", -- formerly hak-TW but seems to be spoken primary in Dabu County in Guangdong
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-eam"] = {
	"Early Modern Hakka",
	nil,
	"hak",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-hai"] = {
	"Hailu Hakka",
	17038519,
	"hak", -- often considered a Taiwanese lect but also spoken in [[Shanwei]], [[Guangdong]]
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-HK"] = {
	"Hong Kong Hakka",
	2675834,
	"hak",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-hui"] = {
	"Huiyang Hakka",
	16873881,
	"hak",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-hui-MY"] = {
	"Malaysian Huiyang Hakka",
	nil,
	"hak-hui",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary. Similar to and possibly the parent of Sixian Hakka in Taiwan.
m["hak-mei"] = {
	"Meixian Hakka",
	839295,
	"hak",
	aliases = {"Moiyan Hakka", "Meizhou Hakka"},
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-six"] = {
	"Sixian Hakka",
	9668261,
	"hak-TW",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-TW"] = {
	"Taiwanese Hakka",
	2391532,
	"hak",
}

-- FIXME: Temporary.
m["hak-zha"] = {
	"Zhao'an Hakka",
	6703311,
	"hak",
	aliases = {"Zhangzhou Hakka"},
}

-- Southern Min varieties --

m["nan-anx"] = {
	"Anxi Hokkien",
	97064149,
	"nan-qua",
}

m["nan-cha"] = {
	"Changtai Hokkien",
	nil,
	"nan-zha",
}

m["nan-hou"] = {
	"Houlu Min",
	19855492,
	"nan-dat",
}

m["nan-hui"] = {
	"Hui'an Hokkien",
	16241797,
	"nan-qua",
}

m["nan-jin"] = {
	"Jinjiang Hokkien",
	11089375,
	"nan-qua",
}

m["nan-kin"] = {
	"Kinmenese Hokkien",
	56278342,
	"nan-xia",
	aliases = {"Kinmen Hokkien"},
}

m["nan-med"] = {
	"Medan Hokkien",
	6805114,
	"nan-zha",
}

m["nan-pen"] = {
	"Penang Hokkien",
	11120689,
	"nan-zha",
}

m["nan-hbl-PH"] = {
	"Philippine Hokkien",
	3236692,
	"nan-qua",
}

m["nan-qia"] = {
	"Qianlu Min",
	19842517,
	"nan-dat",
}

m["nan-qua"] = {
	"Quanzhou Hokkien",
	2251677,
	"nan-hbl",
	aliases = {"Chinchew", "Choanchew"},
}

-- FIXME: Temporary? Derived from both Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien.
m["nan-hbl-SG"] = {
	"Singapore Hokkien",
	3846528,
	"nan-hbl",
}

m["nan-spm"] = {
	"Southern Malaysian Hokkien",
	7570322,
	"nan-qua",
	aliases = {"Southern Malaysia Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Hokkien"}
}

m["nan-hbl-TW"] = {
	"Taiwanese Hokkien",
	36778,
	"nan-hbl",
}

m["nan-ton"] = {
	"Tong'an Hokkien",
	nil,
	"nan-xia",
}

m["nan-xia"] = {
	"Xiamen Hokkien",
	68744,
	"nan-hbl",
	aliases = {"Amoy", "Amoyese", "Amoynese", "Xiamenese"},
}

m["nan-yon"] = {
	"Yongchun Hokkien",
	65118728,
	"nan-qua",
}

m["nan-zha"] = {
	"Zhangzhou Hokkien",
	8070492,
	"nan-hbl",
	aliases = {"Changchew", "Chiangchew", "Changchow"},
}

m["nan-zho"] = {
	"Zhao'an Hokkien",
	65118728,
	"nan-zha",
	aliases = {"Zhao'an", "Chawan", "Chawan Hokkien"},
}

m["nan-zhp"] = {
	"Zhangping Hokkien",
	15937822,
	"nan-zha",
}

------------- Other Min varieties -------------

-- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Min uncertain; some combination of Eastern and Southern.
m["zhx-zho"] = {
	"Zhongshan Min",
	8070958,
	"zh",
}

------------- Other Chinese varieties -------------

-- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Chinese uncertain; possibly Yue.
m["zhx-dan"] = {
	"Danzhou Chinese",
	2578935,
	"zh",
}

------------- Chinese romanization varieties -------------

-- [[Wiktionary:Information desk/2022/June#Etymology Coding Issue]]
-- [[Wiktionary:Grease pit/2022/June#Transliteration Systems in Etymologies 2]]

m["cmn-pinyin"] = {
	"Hanyu Pinyin",
	42222,
	"cmn",
	aliases = {"Pinyin"},
}

m["cmn-tongyong"] = {
	"Tongyong Pinyin",
	700739,
	"cmn",
}

m["cmn-wadegiles"] = {
	"Wade–Giles",
	208442,
	"cmn",
	aliases = {"Wade-Giles", "Wade Giles"},
}

m["zh-postal"] = {
	"Postal Romanization",
	151868,
	"zh",
}

-- Chinese cyrillization

m["cmn-palladius"] = {
	"Palladius",
	1234239,
	"cmn",
	aliases = {"Palladius system"},
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                 Coptic varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["cop-akh"] = {
	"Akhmimic Coptic",
	125176464,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Akhmimic"},
}

m["cop-boh"] = {
	"Bohairic Coptic",
	890733,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Bohairic", "Memphitic Coptic", "Memphitic"},
}

m["cop-ggg"] = {
	"Coptic Dialect G",
	nil,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Dialect G", "Mansuric Coptic", "Mansuric"},
}

m["cop-jjj"] = {
	"Coptic Dialect J",
	nil,
	"cop",
}

m["cop-kkk"] = {
	"Coptic Dialect K",
	nil,
	"cop",
}

m["cop-ppp"] = {
	"Coptic Dialect P",
	nil,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Proto-Theban Coptic", "Palaeo-Theban Coptic"},
}

m["cop-fay"] = {
	"Fayyumic Coptic",
	1399115,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Fayyumic", "Faiyumic Coptic", "Faiyumic", "Fayumic Coptic", "Fayumic",
		"Bashmuric Coptic", "Bashmuric"},
}

m["cop-her"] = {
	"Hermopolitan Coptic",
	nil,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Hermopolitan", "Coptic Dialect H", "Ashmuninic", "Ashmuninic Coptic"},
}

m["cop-lyc"] = {
	"Lycopolitan Coptic",
	nil,
	"cop",
	aliases = {
		"Lycopolitan",
		"Assiutic Coptic", "Asyutic Coptic", "Assiutic", "Asyutic",
		"Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic", "Lyco-Diospolitan",
		"Subakhmimic Coptic", "Subakhmimic"
	},
}

m["cop-old"] = {
	"Old Coptic",
	115518040,
	"cop",
}

m["cop-oxy"] = {
	"Oxyrhynchite Coptic",
	nil,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Oxyrhynchite", "Mesokemic Coptic", "Mesokemic", "Middle Egyptian Coptic"},
}

m["cop-ply"] = {
	"Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic",
	nil,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Coptic Dialect i", "Proto-Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic"},
}

m["cop-sah"] = {
	"Sahidic Coptic",
	2645851,
	"cop",
	aliases = {"Sahidic", "Saidic Coptic", "Saidic", "Thebaic Coptic", "Thebaic"},
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                 Dutch varieties                 --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["nl-BE"] = {
	"Belgian Dutch",
	34147,
	"nl",
	aliases = { "Flemish", "Flemish Dutch", "Southern Dutch"},
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--               Low Saxon varieties               --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["act"] = {
	"Achterhoeks",
	153627,
	"nds-nl",
	aliases = {"Achterhoek", "Achterhooks"},
}

m["drt"] = {
	"Drents",
	2736709,
	"nds-nl",
	aliases = {"Drèents", "Dreins", "Dreints", "Drints"},
}

m["frs"] = {
	"East Frisian Low German",
	149208,
	"nds-de",
	aliases = {"East Frisian", "East Frisian Low Saxon"},
}

m["gos"] = {
	"Gronings",
	508854,
	"nds-nl",
	aliases = {"Grunnegs", "Grönnegs"},
}

m["nds-lpr"] = {
	"Low Prussian",
	33982,
	"nds-de",
}

m["sdz"] = {
	"Sallands",
	3436668,
	"nds-nl",
	aliases = {"Sallaans", "Sallaands"},
}

m["stl"] = {
	"Stellingwerfs",
	506010,
	"nds-nl",
	aliases = {"Stellingwarfs"},
}

m["twd"] = {
	"Twents",
	497363,
	"nds-nl",
	aliases = {"Tweants"},
}

m["vel"] = {
	"Veluws",
	2484810,
	"nds-nl",
}

m["wep"] = {
	"Westphalian",
	505655,
	"nds-de",
	aliases = {"Westfalish", "Westphalien"},
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--               Egyptian varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["egy-old"] = {
	"Old Egyptian",
	447117,
	"egy",
}

m["egy-mid"] = {
	"Middle Egyptian",
	657330,
	"egy",
	aliases = {"Classical Egyptian"},
}

m["egy-nmi"] = {
	"Neo-Middle Egyptian",
	123735278,
	"egy",
	aliases = {"Égyptien de tradition", "Traditional Egyptian"},
}

m["egy-lat"] = {
	"Late Egyptian",
	1852329,
	"egy",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                Elamite varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["elx-old"] = {
	"Old Elamite",
	nil,
	"elx",
}

m["elx-mid"] = {
	"Middle Elamite",
	nil,
	"elx",
}

m["elx-neo"] = {
	"Neo-Elamite",
	nil,
	"elx",
}

m["elx-ach"] = {
	"Achaemenid Elamite",
	nil,
	"elx",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--            English and Scots varieties          --
-----------------------------------------------------

-- English varieties

m["en-AU"] = {
	"Australian English",
	44679,
	"en",
}

m["en-GB"] = {
	"British English",
	7979,
	"en",
}

m["en-GB-SCT"] = {
	"Scottish English",
	44676,
	"en-GB",
}

m["en-GB-WLS"] = {
	"Welsh English",
	44676,
	"en-GB",
}

m["en-IM"] = {
	"Manx English",
	6753295,
	"en-GB",
}

m["en-aae"] = {
	"Australian Aboriginal English",
	783347,
	"en-AU",
}

m["en-ear"] = {
	"Early Modern English",
	1472196,
	"en",
	ancestors = "enm",
	aliases = {"Early New English"},
}

m["en-geo"] = {
	"Geordie",
	653421,
	"en",
	ancestors = "enm-nor",
}

m["en-IE"] = { -- FIXME: "IE" doesn't cover Northern Ireland
	"Irish English",
	665624,
	"en",
}

m["en-uls"] = {
	"Ulster English",
	6840826,
	"en-IE",
}

m["en-GB-NIR"] = {
	"Northern Irish English",
	6840826, -- actually the code for Ulster English
	"en-uls",
}

m["en-NNN"] = { -- NA = Namibia; NNN is NATO 3-letter code for North America
	"North American English",
	7053766,
	"en",
	ietf_subtag = "en-021" -- 021 = UN M49 code for "Northern America" (i.e. North America wihout Central America or the Caribbean)
}

m["en-US"] = {
	"American English",
	7976,
	"en-NNN",
}

m["en-NZ"] = {
	"New Zealand English",
	44661,
	"en"
}

m["en-ZA"] = {
	"South African English",
	1156228,
	"en"
}

m["en-US-CA"] = {
	"California English",
	1026812,
	"en-US",
}

m["en-CA"] = {
	"Canadian English",
	44676,
	"en-US",
}

m["en-HK"] = {
	"Hong Kong English",
	1068863,
	"en",
}

m["en-IN"] = {
	"Indian English",
	1348800,
	"en",
}

m["pld"] = {
	"Polari",
	1359130,
	"en",
}

-- Scots varieties

m["sco-ins"] = {
	"Insular Scots",
	16919205,
	"sco",
}

m["sco-uls"] = {
	"Ulster Scots",
	201966,
	"sco",
}

m["sco-nor"] = {
	"Northern Scots",
	16928150,
	"sco",
}

m["sco-sou"] = {
	"Southern Scots",
	7570457,
	"sco",
	aliases = {"South Scots", "Borders Scots"},
}

-- Middle English varieties

m["enm-esc"] = { -- Part of Middle English until it developed into Middle Scots.
	"Early Scots",
	5326738,
	"enm",
	ancestors = "enm-nor",
	aliases = {"Old Scots", "Scottish Middle English"},
}

m["enm-emi"] = {
	"East Midland Middle English",
	134238810,
	"enm",
	ancestors = "ang-ang", -- Technically ang-mer, but attested Mercian is mostly WM IIRC
}

m["enm-ken"] = {
	"Kentish Middle English",
	134238532,
	"enm",
	ancestors = "ang-ken",
}

m["enm-nor"] = {
	"Northern Middle English",
	134238541,
	"enm",
	ancestors = "ang-nor",
}

m["enm-sou"] = {
	"Southern Middle English",
	134238528,
	"enm",
	ancestors = "ang-wsx",
}

m["enm-wmi"] = {
	"West Midland Middle English",
	134238824,
	"enm",
	ancestors = "ang-mer",
}

-- Old English varieties

-- Includes both Mercian and Northumbrian.
m["ang-ang"] = {
	"Anglian Old English",
	121142917,
	"ang",
}

m["ang-ken"] = {
	"Kentish Old English",
	11687485,
	"ang",
}

m["ang-mer"] = {
	"Mercian Old English",
	602072,
	"ang-ang",
}

m["ang-nor"] = {
	"Northumbrian Old English",
	1798915,
	"ang-ang",
}

m["ang-wsx"] = {
	"West Saxon Old English",
	2658603,
	"ang",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--     French and French-based creole varieties    --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["fro-nor"] = {
	"Old Northern French",
	2044917,
	"fro",
	aliases = {"Old Norman", "Old Norman French"},
}

m["fro-pic"] = {
	"Picard Old French",
	nil,
	"fro",
}

m["xno"] = {
	"Anglo-Norman",
	35214,
	"fro-nor",
}

m["xno-law"] = {
	"Law French",
	2044323,
	"xno",
}

m["zrp"] = {
	"Zarphatic",
	36994,
	"fro",
	aliases = {"Judeo-French"}
}

m["fr-CA"] = {
	"Canadian French",
	1450506,
	"fr",
}

m["fr-CH"] = {
	"Swiss French",
	1480152,
	"fr",
}

m["fr-aca"] = {
	"Acadian French",
	415109,
	"fr",
}

m["fr-lou"] = {
	"Louisiana French",
	3083213,
	"fr",
}

m["fr-mis"] = {
	"Missouri French",
	3083210,
	"fr",
}

m["frc"] = {
	"Cajun French",
	880301,
	"fr-lou",
}

m["ht-sdm"] = {
	"Saint Dominican Creole French",
	nil,
	"ht",
	ancestors = "fr",
}

-- Norman varieties

m["nrf-grn"] = {
	"Guernsey Norman",
	56428,
	"nrf",
	aliases = {"Guernsey"},
}

m["nrf-jer"] = {
	"Jersey Norman",
	56430,
	"nrf",
	aliases = {"Jersey"},
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                Brythonic varieties              --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["bry-ear"] = {
	"Early Brythonic",
	nil,
	"cel-bry-pro",
}

m["bry-lat"] = {
	"Late Brythonic",
	nil,
	"cel-bry-pro",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                 Gaulish varieties               --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["xcg"] = {
	"Cisalpine Gaulish",
	3832927,
	"cel-gau",
}

m["xtg"] = {
	"Transalpine Gaulish",
	29977,
	"cel-gau",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                Portuguese varieties             --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["pt-BR"] = {
	"Brazilian Portuguese",
	750553,
	"pt",
}

m["pt-PT"] = {
	"European Portuguese",
	922399,
	"pt",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                  Spanish varieties              --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["es-ear"] = {
	"Early Modern Spanish",
	5364419,
	"es",
}

m["es-AR"] = {
	"Rioplatense Spanish",
	509780,
	"es",
}

m["es-BO"] = {
	"Bolivian Spanish",
	510730,
	"es",
}

m["es-CL"] = {
	"Chilean Spanish",
	857295,
	"es",
}

m["es-CO"] = {
	"Colombian Spanish",
	1115875,
	"es",
}

m["es-CU"] = {
	"Cuban Spanish",
	824909,
	"es",
}

m["es-MX"] = {
	"Mexican Spanish",
	616620,
	"es",
}

m["es-PE"] = {
	"Peruvian Spanish",
	736236,
	"es",
}

m["es-PH"] = {
	"Philippine Spanish",
	22091406,
	"es",
}

m["es-US"] = {
	"United States Spanish",
	2301077,
	"es",
	aliases = {"US Spanish"},
}
--use label "US Spanish" to put Spanish terms in this category

m["es-PR"] = {
	"Puerto Rican Spanish",
	7258609,
	"es",
}

m["es-VE"] = {
	"Venezuelan Spanish",
	840017,
	"es",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                   Fula varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["fuc"] = {
	"Pulaar",
	1420205,
	"ff",
}

m["fuf"] = {
	"Pular",
	3915357,
	"ff",
}

m["ffm"] = {
	"Maasina Fulfulde",
	3915322,
	"ff",
}

m["fue"] = {
	-- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one
	"Borgu Fulfulde",
	12952426,
	"ff",
}

m["fuh"] = {
	-- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one
	"Western Niger Fulfulde",
	12952430,
	"ff",
}

m["fuq"] = {
	-- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki, hrwiki and pmswiki have one
	"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde",
	12628799,
	"ff",
}

m["fuv"] = {
	-- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki and swwiki have one
	"Nigerian Fulfulde",
	36129,
	"ff",
}

m["fub"] = {
	-- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki, ptwiki, swwiki and yowiki have one
	"Adamawa Fulfulde",
	34776,
	"ff",
}

m["fui"] = {
	-- no enwiki entry as of yet but pmswiki and swwiki have one
	"Bagirmi Fulfulde",
	11003859,
	"ff",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--               German(ic) varieties              --
-----------------------------------------------------

-- (modern) German varieties

m["de-AT"] = {
	"Austrian German",
	306626,
	"de",
}

m["de-AT-vie"] = {
	"Viennese German",
	56474,
	"de-AT",
}

m["de-CH"] = {
	"Switzerland German",
	1366643,
	"de",
	aliases = {"Schweizer Hochdeutsch", "Swiss Standard German", "Swiss High German"},
}

m["de-bal"] = {
	"Baltic German",
	15785413,
	"de",
}

m["de-ear"] = {
	"Early New High German",
	1472199,
	"de",
	ancestors = "gmh",
	aliases = {"Early Modern High German"},
}

m["ksh"] = {
	"Kölsch",
	4624,
	"gmw-cfr",
}

m["pfl"] = {
	"Palatine German",
	23014,
	"gmw-rfr",
	aliases = {"Pfälzisch", "Pälzisch", "Palatinate German"},
}

m["sli"] = {
	"Silesian East Central German",
	152965,
	"gmw-ecg",
	aliases = {"Silesian"},
}

m["sxu"] = {
	"Upper Saxon German",
	699284,
	"gmw-ecg",
}

-- Old High German varieties

m["lng"] = {
	"Lombardic",
	35972,
	"goh",
}

-- Proto-West Germanic varieties

m["frk"] = {
	"Frankish",
	10860505,
	"gmw-pro",
	family = "gmw-frk",
	aliases = {"Old Frankish"},
}

m["gem-sue"] = {
	"Suevic",
	134600275,
	"gmw-pro",
	aliases = {"Suebian"},
}

m["gmw-afr-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Anglo-Frisian",
	134603379,
	"gmw-nsg-pro",
	family = "gmw-afr",
}

m["gmw-nsg-pro"] = {
	"Proto-North Sea Germanic",
	134603374,
	"gmw-pro",
	family = "gmw-nsg",
	aliases = {"Proto-Ingvaeonic"},
}

-- Alemannic German varieties

m["gsw-low"] = {
	"Low Alemannic German",
	503724,
	"gsw",
}

m["gsw-FR-als"] = {
	"Alsatian Alemannic German",
	8786,
	"gsw-low",
}

m["gsw-hig"] = {
	"High Alemannic German",
	503728,
	"gsw",
}

m["gsw-hst"] = {
	"Highest Alemannic German",
	687538,
	"gsw",
}

m["wae"] = {
	"Walser German",
	680517,
	"gsw-hst",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--               Old Norse varieties               --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["non-grn"] = {
	"Greenlandic Norse",
	855236,
	"non-own",
}

m["non-oen"] = {
	"Old East Norse",
	10498031,
	"non",
	ancestors = "non",
}

m["non-own"] = {
	"Old West Norse",
	2377483,
	"non",
	ancestors = "non",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--               Old Swedish varieties             --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["gmq-osw-lat"] = {
	"Late Old Swedish",
	10723594,
	"gmq-osw",
	ancestors = "gmq-osw",
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                  Greek varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["qsb-grc"] = {
	"Pre-Greek",
	965052,
	"und",
	family = "qfa-sub",
}

m["grc-aeo"] = {
	"Aeolic Greek",
	406373,
	"grc",
	aliases = {"Lesbic Greek", "Lesbian Greek", "Aeolian Greek"},
}

m["grc-arc"] = {
	"Arcadian Greek",
	nil,
	"grc-arp",
}

m["grc-arp"] = {
	"Arcadocypriot Greek",
	499602,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-att"] = {
	"Attic Greek",
	506588,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-boi"] = {
	"Boeotian Greek",
	406373,
	"grc-aeo",
}

m["grc-dor"] = {
	"Doric Greek",
	285494,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-ela"] = {
	"Elean Greek",
	nil,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-epc"] = {
	"Epic Greek",
	990062,
	"grc",
	aliases = {"Homeric Greek"},
}

m["grc-ion"] = {
	"Ionic Greek",
	504165,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-koi"] = {
	"Koine Greek",
	107358,
	"grc",
	ancestors = "grc-att",
	aliases = {"Hellenistic Greek"},
}

m["grc-kre"] = {
	"Cretan Ancient Greek", -- to distinguish from Cretan Greek below
	nil,
	"grc-dor",
}

m["grc-opl"] = {
	"Opuntian Locrian",
	nil,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-ozl"] = {
	"Ozolian Locrian",
	nil,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-pam"] = {
	"Pamphylian Greek",
	2271793,
	"grc",
}

m["grc-ths"] = {
	"Thessalian Greek",
	406373,
	"grc-aeo",
}

m["gkm"] = {
	"Byzantine Greek",
	36387,
	"grc",
	ancestors = "grc-koi",
	aliases = {"Medieval Greek"},
}

m["el-cyp"] = {
	"Cypriot Greek",
	245899,
	"el",
	aliases = {"Cypriotic Greek"},
}

m["el-pap"] = {
	"Paphian Greek",
	nil,
	"el",
}

m["el-crt"] = {
	"Cretan Greek",
	588306,
	"el",
}

m["el-kth"] = {
	"Katharevousa",
	35961,
	"el",
	"Polyt",
	ancestors = "gkm",
	aliases = {"Katharevousa Greek"},
	display_text = s["Polyt-displaytext"],
	entry_name = s["Polyt-entryname"],
	sort_key = s["Polyt-sortkey"],
}

m["el-kal"] = {
	"Kaliarda",
	12878658,
	"el",
}


-----------------------------------------------------
--                 Hebrew varieties                --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["hbo"] = {
	"Biblical Hebrew",
	1982248,
	"he",
	aliases = {"Classical Hebrew"},
}

m["he-mis"] = {
	"Mishnaic Hebrew",
	1649362,
	"he",
	ancestors = "hbo",
}

m["he-med"] = {
	"Medieval Hebrew",
	2712572,
	"he",
	ancestors = "he-mis",
}

m["he-IL"] = {
	"Israeli Hebrew",
	8141,
	"he",
}

m["bsh-kat"] = {
	"Kativiri",
	2605045,
	"bsh",
	aliases = {"Katə́viri"},
}

m["xvi"] = {
	"Kamviri",
	1193495,
	"bsh",
	aliases = {"Kamvíri"},
}

m["bsh-mum"] = {
	"Mumviri",
	nil,
	aliases = {"Mumvíri"},
	"bsh"
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                 Inuit varieties                 --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["esi"] = {
	"North Alaskan Inupiatun",
	nil,
	"ik"
}

m["esk"] = {
	"Northwest Alaskan Inupiatun",
	25559714,
	"ik"
}

-----------------------------------------------------
--                 Iranian varieties               --
-----------------------------------------------------

m["qsb-bma"] = {
	"the BMAC substrate",
	133187435,
	"und",
	family = "qfa-sub",
	aliases = {"the Bactria-Margiana substrate", "the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex substrate"},
}

-- Historical and current Iranian dialects

m["ae-old"] = {
	"Old Avestan",
	29572,
	"ae",
	aliases = {"Gathic Avestan"},
}

m["ae-yng"] = {
	"Younger Avestan",
	29572,
	"ae-old",
	aliases = {"Young Avestan"},
}

m["bcc"] = {
	"Southern Balochi",
	33049,
	"bal",
	aliases = {"Southern Baluchi"},
}

m["bgp"] = {
	"Eastern Balochi",
	33049,
	"bal",
	aliases = {"Eastern Baluchi"},
}

m["bgn"] = {
	"Western Balochi",
	33049,
	"bal",
	aliases = {"Western Baluchi"},
}

m["bsg-ban"] = {
	"Bandari",
	nil,
	"bsg",
}

m["bsg-hor"] = {
	"Hormozi",
	nil,
	"bsg",
}

m["bsg-min"] = {
	"Minabi",
	nil,
	"bsg",
}

m["kho-old"] = {
	"Old Khotanese",
	nil,
	"kho",
}

m["kho-lat"] = {
	"Late Khotanese",
	nil,
	"kho-old",
}

m["peo-ear"] = {
	"Early Old Persian",
	nil,
	"peo",
}

m["peo-lat"] = {
	"Late Old Persian",
	nil,
	"peo",
}

m["pal-ear"] = {
	"Early Middle Persian",
	nil,
	"pal",
}

m["pal-lat"] = {
	"Late Middle Persian",
	nil,
	"pal",
	ancestors = "pal-ear",
}

m["ps-nwe"] = {
	"Northwestern Pashto",
	nil,
	"ps",
}

m["ps-cgi"] = {
	"Central Ghilzay",
	nil,
	"ps-nwe",
}

m["ps-mah"] = {
	"Mahsudi",
	nil,
	"ps-nwe",
}

m["ps-nea"] = {
	"Northeastern Pashto",
	nil,
	"ps",
}

m["ps-afr"] = {
	"Afridi",
	nil,
	"ps-nea",
}

m["ps-bng"] = {
	"Bangash",
	nil,
	"ps-nea",
}


m["ps-xat"] = {
	"Khatak",
	nil,
	"ps-nea",
}

m["ps-pes"] = {
	"Peshawari",
	nil,
	"ps-nea",
}

m["ps-sea"] = {
	"Southeastern Pashto",
	nil,
	"ps",
}

m["ps-ban"] = {
	"Bannu",
	nil,
	"ps-sea",
}

m["ps-kak"] = {
	"Kakari",
	nil,
	"ps-sea",
}

m["ps-ser"] = {
	"Sher",
	nil,
	"ps-sea",
}

m["ps-waz"] = {
	"Waziri",
	12274473,
	"ps-sea",
}

m["ps-swe"] = {
	"Southwestern Pashto",
	nil,
	"ps",
}

m["ps-kan"] = {
	"Kandahari",
	nil,
	"ps-swe",
}

m["ps-jad"] = {
	"Jadrani",
	nil,
	"ps",
	ancestors = "ira-pat-pro"
}

m["xme-azr"] = {
	"Old Azari",
	nil,
	"xme-ott",
	aliases = {"Old Azeri", "Azari", "Azeri", "Āḏarī", "Adari", "Adhari"},
}

m["xme-ttc-cen"] = {
	"Central Tati",
	nil,
	"xme-ott",
}

m["xme-ttc-eas"] = {
	"Eastern Tati",
	nil,
	"xme-ott",
}

m["xme-ttc-nor"] = {
	"Northern Tati",
	nil,
	"xme-ott",
}

m["xme-ttc-sou"] = {
	"Southern Tati",
	nil,
	"xme-ott",
}

m["xme-ttc-wes"] = {
	"Western Tati",
	nil,
	"xme-ott",
}

m["xmn"] = {
	"Manichaean Middle Persian",
	nil,
	"pal-lat",
}

m["fa-ear"] = {
	"Early New Persian",
	127413796,
	"fa",
	ancestors = "pal-lat",
	translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}

m["fa-cls"] = {
	"Classical Persian",
	9168,
	"fa",
	ancestors = "fa-ear",
	translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}

m["fa-ira"] = {
	"Iranian Persian",
	3513637,
	"fa",
	aliases = {"Modern Persian", "Western Persian"},
	translit = "fa-ira-translit",
}

m["prs"] = {
	"Dari",
	178440,
	"fa",
	aliases = {"Dari Persian", "Central Persian", "Eastern Persian", "Afghan Persian"},
	translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}

m["haz"] = {
	"Hazaragi",
	33398,
	"prs",
	translit = "fa-cls-translit",
}

m["os-dig"] = {
	"Digor Ossetian",
	3027861,
	"os",
	aliases = {"Digoron", "Digor"},
}

m["os-iro"] = {
	"Iron Ossetian",
	nil,
	"os",
	aliases = {"Iron"},
}

m["sog-ear"] = {
	"Early Sogdian",
	nil,
	"sog",
}

m["sog-lat"] = {
	"Late Sogdian",
	nil,
	"sog-ear",
}

m["ro-MD"] = {
	"Moldovan",
	36392,
	"ro",
	aliases = {"Moldavian"},
}

m["oru-kan"] = {
	"Kaniguram",
	6363164,
	"oru",
}

m["oru-log"] = {
	"Logar",
	nil,
	"oru",
}

m["oos"] = {
	"Old Ossetic",
	65455882,
	"xln",
}

m["oos-ear"] = {
	"Early Old Ossetic",
	nil,
	"oos",
}

m["oos-lat"] = {
	"Late Old Ossetic",
	nil,
	"oos",
}

m["rdb-jir"] = {
	"Jirofti",
	nil,
	"rdb",
}

m["rdb-kah"] = {
	"Kahnuji",
	nil,
	"rdb",
}

-- Southwestern Fars lects

m["fay-bur"] = {
	"Burenjani",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-bsh"] = {
	"Bushehri",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-dsh"] = {
	"Dashtaki",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-dav"] = {
	"Davani",
	5228140,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-eze"] = {
	"Emamzada Esmaili",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-gav"] = {
	"Gavkoshaki",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-kho"] = {
	"Khollari",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-kon"] = {
	"Kondazi",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-kzo"] = {
	"Old Kazeruni",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-mas"] = {
	"Masarami",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-pap"] = {
	"Papuni",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-sam"] = {
	"Samghani",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-shr"] = {
	"Shirazi",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-sho"] = {
	"Old Shirazi",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-sam"] = {
	"Samghani",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-kar"] = {
	"Khargi",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

m["fay-sor"] = {
	"Sorkhi",
	nil,
	"fay",
}

-- Talysh lects

m["tly-cen"] = {
	"Central Talysh",
	nil,
	"tly",
}

m["tly-asa"] = {
	"Asalemi",
	nil,
	"tly-cen",
}

m["tly-kar"] = {
	"Karganrudi",
	nil,
	"tly-cen",
}

m["tly-tul"] = {
	"Tularudi",
	nil,
	"tly-cen",
}

m["tly-tal"] = {
	"Taleshdulabi",
	nil,
	"tly-cen",
}

m["tly-nor"] = {
	"Northern Talysh",
	nil,
	"tly",
}

m["tly-aze"] = {
	"Azerbaijani Talysh",
	nil,
	"tly-nor",
}

m["tly-anb"] = {
	"Anbarani",
	nil,
	"tly-nor",
}

m["tly-sou"] = {
	"Southern Talysh",
	nil,
	"tly",
}

m["tly-fum"] = {
	"Fumani",
	nil,
	"tly-sou",
}

m["tly-msu"] = {
	"Masulei",
	nil,
	"tly-sou",
}

m["tly-msa"] = {
	"Masali",
	nil,
	"tly-sou",
}

m["tly-san"] = {
	"Shandarmani",
	nil,
	"tly-sou",
}

-- Tafreshi lects

m["xme-amo"] = {
	"Amorehi",
	nil,
	"xme-taf",
}

m["atn"] = {
	"Ashtiani",
	3436590,
	"xme-taf",
}

m["xme-bor"] = {
	"Borujerdi",
	nil,
	"xme-taf",
}

m["xme-ham"] = {
	"Hamadani",
	6302426,
	"xme-taf",
}

m["xme-kah"] = {
	"Kahaki",
	nil,
	"xme-taf",
}

m["vaf"] = {
	"Vafsi",
	32611,
	"xme-taf",
}

-- Kermanic lects

m["kfm"] = {
	"Khunsari",
	6403030,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-mah"] = {
	"Mahallati",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-von"] = {
	"Vonishuni",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-bdr"] = {
	"Badrudi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-del"] = {
	"Delijani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-kas"] = {
	"Kashani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-kes"] = {
	"Kesehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-mey"] = {
	"Meymehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["ntz"] = {
	"Natanzi",
	6968399,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-abz"] = {
	"Abuzeydabadi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-aby"] = {
	"Abyanehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-far"] = {
	"Farizandi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-jow"] = {
	"Jowshaqani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-nas"] = {
	"Nashalji",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-qoh"] = {
	"Qohrudi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-yar"] = {
	"Yarandi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["soj"] = {
	"Soi",
	7930463,
	"xme-ker",
	aliases = {"Sohi"},
}

m["xme-tar"] = {
	"Tari",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["gzi"] = {
	"Gazi",
	5529130,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-sed"] = {
	"Sedehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-ard"] = {
	"Ardestani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-zef"] = {
	"Zefrehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-isf"] = {
	"Isfahani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-kaf"] = {
	"Kafroni",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-vrz"] = {
	"Varzenehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-xur"] = {
	"Khuri",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["nyq"] = {
	"Nayini",
	6983146,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-ana"] = {
	"Anaraki",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["gbz"] = {
	"Zoroastrian Dari",
	32389,
	"xme-ker",
	aliases = {"Behdināni", "Gabri", "Gavrŭni", "Gabrōni"},
}

m["xme-krm"] = {
	"Kermani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-yaz"] = {
	"Yazdi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-bid"] = {
	"Bidhandi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-bij"] = {
	"Bijagani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-cim"] = {
	"Chimehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-han"] = {
	"Hanjani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-kom"] = {
	"Komjani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-nar"] = {
	"Naraqi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-nus"] = {
	"Nushabadi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-qal"] = {
	"Qalhari",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-trh"] = {
	"Tarehi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-val"] = {
	"Valujerdi",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-var"] = {
	"Varani",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

m["xme-zor"] = {
	"Zori",
	nil,
	"xme-ker",
}

-- Ramandi lects

m["tks-ebr"] = {
	"Ebrahimabadi",
	nil,
	"tks",
}

m["tks-sag"] = {
	"Sagzabadi",
	nil,
	"tks",
}

m["tks-esf"] = {
	"Esfarvarini",
	nil,
	"tks",
}

m["tks-tak"] = {
	"Takestani",
	nil,
	"tks",
}

m["tks-cal"] = {
	"Chali Tati",
	nil,
	"tks",
	aliases = {"Chāli"},
}

m["tks-dan"] = {
	"Danesfani",
	nil,
	"tks",
}

m["tks-xia"] = {
	"Khiaraji",
	nil,
	"tks",
}

m["tks-xoz"] = {
	"Khoznini",
	nil,
	"tks",
}

-- Shughni dialects

m["sgh-bro"] = {
	"Bartangi-Oroshori",
	nil,
	"sgh",
}

m["sgh-bar"] = {
	"Bartangi",
	nil,
	"sgh-bro",
}

m["sgh-oro"] = {
	"Oroshori",
	nil,
	"sgh-bro",
	aliases = {"Roshorvi"},
}

m["sgh-rsx"] = {
	"Roshani-Khufi",
	nil,
	"sgh",
}

m["sgh-xuf"] = {
	"Khufi",
	2562249,
	"sgh-rsx",
	aliases = {"Xufi", "Xūfī"},
}

m["sgh-ros"] = {
	"Roshani",
	2597566,
	"sgh-rsx",
	aliases = {"Rushani", "Rōšāni"},
}

m["sgh-xgb"] = {
	"Khughni-Bajui",
	nil,
	"sgh",
}

m["sgh-xug"] = {
	"Khughni",
	nil,
	"sgh-xgb",
}

m["sgh-baj"] = {
	"Bajui",
	nil,
	"sgh-xgb",
}

-- Indo-Aryan varieties

m["inc-mit"] = {
	"Mitanni",
	1986700,
	"inc-pro",
}

m["bra-old"] = {
	"Old Braj",
	nil,
	"bra",
}

m["gu-kat"] = {
	"Kathiyawadi",
	nil,
	"gu",
	aliases = {"Kathiyawadi Gujarati", "Kathiawadi"},
}

m["gu-lda"] = {
	"Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati",
	nil,
	"gu",
	aliases = {"Lisan ud-Dawat", "LDA"},
}

m["hi-mum"] = {
	"Bombay Hindi",
	3543151,
	"hi",
	aliases = {"Mumbai Hindi", "Bambaiyya Hindi"},
}

m["hi-mid"] = {
	"Middle Hindi",
	nil,
	"inc-ohi",
	ancestors = "inc-ohi",
}

m["pnb"] = {
	"Western Panjabi",
	58635,
	"pa",
	"pa-Arab",
}

m["vsn"] = {
	"Vedic Sanskrit",
	36858,
	"sa",
}	

m["sa-bhs"] = {
	"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit",
	248758,
	"sa",
}

m["sa-bra"] = {
	"Brahmanic Sanskrit",
	36858,
	"sa",
}

m["sa-cls"] = {
	"Classical Sanskrit",
	11059,
	"sa",
}

m["sa-neo"] = {
	"New Sanskrit",
	11059,
	"sa",
}

m["si-med"] = {
	"Medieval Sinhalese",
	nil,
	"si",
	aliases = {"Medieval Sinhala"},
}

m["kok-mid"] = {
	"Middle Konkani",
	nil,
	"kok",
	aliases = {"Medieval Konkani"},
}

m["kok-old"] = {
	"Old Konkani",
	nil,
	"kok",
	aliases = {"Early Konkani"},
}


-- Indian subcontinent languages


-- Dhivehi varieties

m["dv-mul"] = {
	"Mulaku Dhivehi",
	nil,
	"dv",
	aliases = {"Mulaku Divehi", "Mulaku Bas"},
}

m["dv-huv"] = {
	"Huvadhu Dhivehi",
	nil,
	"dv",
	aliases = {"Huvadhu Divehi", "Huvadhu Bas"},
}

m["dv-add"] = {
	"Addu Dhivehi",
	nil,
	"dv",
	aliases = {"Addu Divehi", "Addu Bas"},
}


-- Dravidian varieties


m["ta-mid"] = {
	"Middle Tamil",
	20987434,
	"ta",
}

m["kn-hav"] = {
	"Havigannada",
	24276369,
	"kn",
}

m["kn-kun"] = {
	"Kundagannada",
	6444255,
	"kn",
}

-- Prakrits

m["pra-ard"] = {
	"Ardhamagadhi Prakrit",
	35217,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Ardhamagadhi"},
}

m["pra-hel"] = {
	"Helu Prakrit",
	15080869,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Elu", "Elu Prakrit", "Helu"},
}

m["pra-kha"] = {
	"Khasa Prakrit",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Khasa"},
}

m["pra-mag"] = {
	"Magadhi Prakrit", -- Not to be confused with Magahi (mag)
	2652214,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Magadhi"},
}

m["pra-mah"] = {
	"Maharastri Prakrit",
	2586773,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Maharashtri Prakrit", "Maharastri", "Maharashtri"},
}

m["pra-pai"] = {
	"Paisaci Prakrit",
	2995607,
	"pra-sau",
	aliases = {"Paisaci", "Paisachi"},
	ancestors = "pra-sau"
}

m["pra-sau"] = {
	"Sauraseni Prakrit",
	2452885,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Sauraseni", "Shauraseni"},
}

m["pra-ava"] = {
	"Avanti",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Avanti Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-pra"] = {
	"Pracya",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Pracya Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-bah"] = {
	"Bahliki",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Bahliki Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-dak"] = {
	"Daksinatya",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Daksinatya Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-sak"] = {
	"Sakari",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Sakari Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-can"] = {
	"Candali",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Candali Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-sab"] = {
	"Sabari",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Sabari Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-abh"] = {
	"Abhiri",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Abhiri Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-dra"] = {
	"Dramili",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Dramili Prakrit"},
}

m["pra-odr"] = {
	"Odri",
	nil,
	"pra",
	aliases = {"Odri Prakrit"},
}

-- Apabhramsas

m["inc-aav"] = {
	"Avahattha",
	nil,
	"inc-apa",
	aliases = {"Abahattha"},
}

m["inc-asa"] = {
	"Sauraseni Apabhramsa",
	nil,
	"inc-apa",
}

m["inc-agu"] = {
	"Gurjara Apabhramsa",
	nil,
	"inc-apa",
}

m["inc-aka"] = {
	"Kasmiri Apabhramsa",
	nil,
	"inc-apa",
}

m["inc-ama"] = {
	"Maharastri Apabhramsa",
	nil,
	"inc-apa",
}

m["inc-ata"] = {
	"Takka Apabhramsa",
	nil,
	"inc-apa",
}

m["inc-avr"] = {
	"Vracada Apabhramsa",
	nil,
	"inc-apa",
}

-- Italian, Latin and other Italic varieties

m["roa-oit"] = {
	"Old Italian",
	nil,
	"it",
}

m["it-CH"] = {
	"Switzerland Italian",
	672147,
	"it",
}

-- Latin varieties by period

m["itc-ola"] = {
	"Old Latin",
	12289,
	"la",
	"Latn, Ital",
	translit = {
		Ital = "Ital-translit"
	},
}

m["itc-lan"] = {
	"Lanuvian",
	16890829,
	"itc-ola",
	aliases = {"Lanuvine"},
}

m["itc-pra"] = {
	"Praenestine",
	16889772,
	"itc-ola",
	aliases = {"Praenestinian"},
}

m["la-cla"] = {
	"Classical Latin",
	253854,
	"la",
}

m["la-vul"] = {
	"Vulgar Latin",
	37560,
	"la-cla",
}

m["la-afr"] = {
	"African Romance",
	162064,
	"roa-pro",
}

m["la-lat"] = {
	"Late Latin",
	1503113,
	"la",
	ancestors = "la-cla",
}

m["la-med"] = {
	"Medieval Latin",
	1163234,
	"la",
	ancestors = "la-lat",
}

m["la-eme"] = {
	"Early Medieval Latin",
	nil,
	"la-med",
}

m["la-ecc"] = {
	"Ecclesiastical Latin",
	1247932,
	"la",
	aliases = {"Church Latin", "Liturgical Latin"},
	ancestors = "la-lat",
}

m["la-ren"] = {
	"Renaissance Latin",
	499083,
	"la",
	ancestors = "la-med",
}

m["la-new"] = {
	"New Latin",
	1248221,
	"la",
	aliases = {"Modern Latin"},
	ancestors = "la-ren",
}

m["la-con"] = {
	"Contemporary Latin",
	1246397,
	"la-new",
}

m["roa-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Romance",
	3408029,
	"la-lat",
	ancestors = "la-vul",
}

-- other Italic lects

m["xfa-cap"] = {
	"Capenate",
	133182969,
	"xfa",
}

m["osc-luc"] = {
	"Lucanian",
	3265025,
	"osc",
}

m["osc-sam"] = {
	"Samnite",
	133184287,
	"osc",
}


-- Malay and related varieties

m["ms-old"] = {
	"Old Malay",
	nil,
	"ms",
}

m["ms-cla"] = {
	"Classical Malay",
	nil,
	"ms",
	ancestors = "ms-old",
}

m["pse-bsm"] = {
	"Besemah",
	nil,
	"pse",
}

m["bew-kot"] = {
	"Betawi Kota",
	nil,
	"bew",
	aliases = {"Urban Betawi"}, -- in Jakarta
}


-- Mongolic lects

m["xng-ear"] = {
	"Early Middle Mongol",
	nil,
	"xng",
}

m["xng-lat"] = {
	"Late Middle Mongol",
	nil,
	"xng",
	ancestors = "xng-ear",
}

m["mn-kha"] = {
	"Khalkha Mongolian",
	6399808,
	"mn",
	aliases = {"Khalkha"},
}

m["mn-ord"] = {
	"Ordos Mongolian",
	716904,
	"mn",
	aliases = {"Ordos"},
}

m["mn-cha"] = {
	"Chakhar Mongolian",
	907425,
	"mn",
	aliases = {"Chakhar"},
}

m["mn-khr"] = {
	"Khorchin Mongolian",
	3196210,
	"mn",
	aliases = {"Khorchin"},
}

-- Japanese varieties

m["ja-mid"] = {
	"Middle Japanese",
	6841474,
	"ojp",
	ancestors = "ojp",
}

m["ja-mid-ear"] = {
	"Early Middle Japanese",
	182695,
	"ja-mid",
}

m["ja-mid-lat"] = {
	"Late Middle Japanese",
	1816184,
	"ja-mid",
	ancestors = "ja-mid-ear",
}

m["ja-ear"] = {
	"Early Modern Japanese",
	5326692,
	"ja",
	ancestors = "ja-mid-lat",
}

m["ojp-eas"] = {
	"Eastern Old Japanese",
	65247957,
	"ojp",
}

-- Kartvelian varieties


m["ka-mid"] = {
	"Middle Georgian",
	nil,
	"ka",
	ancestors = "oge",
}

-- Korean varieties

m["oko-lat"] = {
	"Late Old Korean",
	nil,
	"oko",
}

m["okm-ear"] = {
	"Early Middle Korean",
	nil,
	"okm",
}

m["ko-cen"] = {
	"Central Korean",
	nil,
	"ko",
}

m["ko-gyg"] = {
	"Gyeonggi Korean",
	485492,
	"ko-cen",
	aliases = {"Seoul Korean"},
}

m["ko-chu"] = {
	"Chungcheong Korean",
	625800,
	"ko-cen",
	aliases = {"Hoseo Korean"},
}

m["ko-hwa"] = {
	"Hwanghae Korean",
	16183706,
	"ko-cen",
}

m["ko-gan"] = {
	"Gangwon Korean",
	11260444,
	"ko-cen",
	aliases = {"Yeongdong Korean"},
}

m["ko-gys"] = {
	"Gyeongsang Korean",
	488002,
	"ko",
	aliases = {"Southeastern Korean"},
}

m["ko-jeo"] = {
	"Jeolla Korean",
	11250166,
	"ko",
	aliases = {"Southwestern Korean"},
}

m["ko-pyo"] = {
	"Pyongan Korean",
	7263142,
	"ko",
	aliases = {"Northwestern Korean"},
}

m["ko-ham"] = {
	"Hamgyong Korean",
	860702,
	"ko",
	aliases = {"Northeastern Korean"},
}

m["ko-yuk"] = {
	"Yukjin Korean",
	16171275,
	"ko",
	aliases = {"Yukchin Korean", "Ryukjin Korean", "Ryukchin Korean"},
}

-- Occitan varieties

m["oc-auv"] = {
	"Auvergnat",
	35359,
	"oc",
	aliases = {"Auvernhat", "Auvergnese"},
}

m["oc-gas"] = {
	"Gascon",
	35735,
	"oc",
}

-- standardized dialect of Gascon
m["oc-ara"] = {
	"Aranese",
	10196,
	"oc-gas",
}

m["oc-lan"] = {
	"Languedocien",
	942602,
	"oc",
	aliases = {"Lengadocian"},
}

m["oc-lim"] = {
	"Limousin",
	427614,
	"oc",
}

m["oc-pro"] = {
	"Provençal",
	241243,
	"oc",
	aliases = {"Provencal"},
}

m["oc-pro-old"] = {
	"Old Provençal",
	2779185,
	"pro",
}

m["oc-viv"] = {
	"Vivaro-Alpine",
	1649613,
	"oc",
}

m["oc-jud"] = {
	"Shuadit",
	56472,
	"oc",
	aliases = {
		"Chouhadite", "Chouhadit", "Chouadite", "Chouadit", "Shuhadit",
		"Judeo-Occitan", "Judæo-Occitan", "Judaeo-Occitan",
		"Judeo-Provençal", "Judæo-Provençal", "Judaeo-Provençal",
		"Judeo-Provencal", "Judaeo-Provencal",
		"Judeo-Comtadin", "Judæo-Comtadin", "Judaeo-Comtadin",
	},
}

-- Old Tupi varieties

m["tpw-lga"] = {
	"Língua Geral Amazônica",
	18275323,
	"tpw",
	aliases = {"Língua Geral"},
}

-- Oromo varieties

m["hae"] = {
	"Harar Oromo",
	5330355,
	"om",
	aliases = {"Eastern Oromo"},
}

m["gax"] = {
	"Borana",
	2910610,
	"om",
	aliases = {"Southern Oromo"},
}

m["orc"] = {
	"Orma",
	2919128,
	"om",
}

m["ssn"] = {
	"Waata",
	3501553,
	"om",
}

-- Phillipine varieties

m["tl-old"] = {
	"Old Tagalog",
	12967437,
	"tl",
}

m["tl-cls"] = {
	"Classical Tagalog",
	nil,
	"tl",
}


-- Pre-Roman substrates

m["qsb-ibe"] = {
	"Paleo-Hispanic",
	246801,
	"und",
	family = "qfa-sub",
	aliases = {"Palaeo-Hispanic", "Paleohispanic", "Palaeohispanic", "Paleo-Iberian", "Palaeo-Iberian"},
}

m["qsb-bal"] = {
	"Paleo-Balkan",
	1815070,
	"und",
	family = "qfa-sub",
	aliases = {"Palaeo-Balkan", "Paleobalkan", "Palaeobalkan"},
}

-- Sardinian varieties

m["sc-src"] = {
	"Logudorese",
	777974,
	"sc",
	aliases = {"Logudorese Sardinian"},
}

m["sc-nuo"] = {
	"Nuorese",
	nil,
	"sc-src",
	aliases = {"Nuorese Sardinian"},
}

m["sc-sro"] = {
	"Campidanese",
	35348,
	"sc",
	aliases = {"Campidanese Sardinian"},
}

-- Rwanda-Rundi varieties

m["rw-kin"] = {
	"Kinyarwanda",
	33573,
	"rw",
	aliases = {"Rwanda"},
}

m["rw-run"] = {
	"Kirundi",
	33583,
	"rw",
	aliases = {"Rundi"},
}

-- Slavic varieties

m["cs-ear"] = {
	"Early Modern Czech",
	nil,
	"cs",
	ancestors = "zlw-ocs"
}

m["cu-bgm"] = {
	"Middle Bulgarian",
	12294897,
	"cu",
	ancestors = "cu"
}

m["zle-mru"] = {
	"Middle Russian",
	35228,
	"ru",
	"Cyrs",
	ancestors = "orv",
	translit = "ru-translit",
	entry_name = {
		Cyrs = {
			remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.diaer,
		},
	},

}

m["zle-mbe"] = {
	"Middle Belarusian",
	13211,
	"zle-ort",
}

m["zle-muk"] = {
	"Middle Ukrainian",
	13211,
	"zle-ort",
}

m["uk-CA"] = {
	"Canadian Ukrainian",
	4161010,
	"uk",
}

-- Church Slavonic varieties

-- Old Moscow Church Slavonic deleted as it seems not distinct enough from Russian (Synodal) Church Slavonic.

m["zls-chs-ru"] = {
	"Russian Church Slavonic",
	21662400,
	"zls-chs",
	aliases = {"Synodal Church Slavonic", "New Moscow Church Slavonic", "Novomoskovsk Church Slavonic"},
}

m["zls-chs-uk"] = {
	"Ukrainian Church Slavonic",
	12153548,
	"zls-chs",
	aliases = {"Rusyn Church Slavonic", "Belarusian Church Slavonic"},
}

--[=[

-- Not sure about these yet.

m["zls-chs-bg"] = {
	"Bulgarian Church Slavonic",
	nil,
	"zls-chs",
}

m["zls-chs-cs"] = {
	"Czech Church Slavonic",
	nil,
	"zls-chs",
}

m["zls-chs-hr"] = {
	"Croatian Church Slavonic",
	nil,
	"zls-chs",
}

m["zls-chs-mk"] = {
	"Macedonian Church Slavonic",
	nil,
	"zls-chs",
}

m["zls-chs-ro"] = {
	"Romanian Church Slavonic",
	nil,
	"zls-chs",
}

m["zls-chs-sr"] = {
	"Serbian Church Slavonic",
	nil,
	"zls-chs",
}

]=]

-- Polish varieties

m["zlw-mpl"] = {
	"Middle Polish",
	402878,
	"pl",
	ancestors = "zlw-opl",
	entry_name = {
		remove_diacritics = c.acute,
		remove_exceptions = {"Ć", "ć", "Ń", "ń", "Ó", "ó", "Ś", "ś", "Ź", "ź"},
	},
}

m["pl-gre"] = {
	"Greater Polish",
	4106789,
	"pl",
}

m["pl-les"] = {
	"Lesser Polish",
	361709,
	"pl",
}

m["pl-mas"] = {
	"Masovian Polish",
	4274559,
	"pl",
}

m["pl-gor"] = {
	"Goral",
	452889,
	"pl",
}

m["zle-ops"] = {
	"Old Pskovian",
	4167885,
	"zle-ono",
}

-- Serbo-Croatian varieties

m["ckm"] = {
	"Chakavian Serbo-Croatian",
	337565,
	"sh",
	aliases = {"Čakavian"},
}

m["kjv"] = {
	"Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
	838165,
	"sh",
}

m["sh-tor"] = { -- Linguist code srp-tor
	"Torlakian Serbo-Croatian",
	1078803,
	"sh",
	aliases = {"Torlak"},
}

-- Tibetic lects

m["adx"] = {
	"Amdo Tibetan",
	56509,
	"bo",
}

m["kbg"] = {
	"Khamba",
	12952626,
	"bo",
}

m["khg"] = {
	"Khams Tibetan",
	56601,
	"bo",
}

m["tsk"] = {
	"Tseku",
	11159532,
	"bo",
}

-- Tuareg lects

m["thv"] = {
	"Tamahaq",
	56703,
	"tmh",
}

m["ttq"] = {
	"Tawellemmet",
	56390,
	"tmh",
}

m["taq"] = {
	"Tamasheq",
	4670066,
	"tmh",
}

m["thz"] = {
	"Tayert",
	56388,
	"tmh",
}

m["thv-ght"] = {
	"Ghat",
	47012900,
	"thv",
}

-- Turkic lects

m["trk-cmn-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Common Turkic",
	1126028,
	"trk-pro",
}

m["trk-ogr-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Oghur",
	1422731,
	"trk-pro",
	family = "trk-ogr",
}

m["trk-bul-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Bulgar",
	nil,
	"trk-ogr-pro",
}

m["trk-ogz-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Oghuz",
	494600,
	"trk-pro",
	family = "trk-ogz",
	aliases = {"Southwestern Common Turkic"},
}

m["crh-dbj"] = {
	"Dobrujan Tatar",
	12811566,
	"crh",
	aliases = {"Romanian Tatar"},
}

m["cv-ana"] = {
	"Anatri Chuvash",
	nil,
	"cv",
	aliases = {"Anatri", "Lower Chuvash"},
}

m["cv-mid"] = {
	"Middle Chuvash",
	nil,
	"cv",
	ancestors = "cv-old",
}

m["cv-old"] = {
	"Old Chuvash",
	nil,
	"cv",
	ancestors = "xbo-vol",
}

m["cv-vir"] = {
	"Viryal Chuvash",
	4278332,
	"cv",
	aliases = {"Viryal", "Upper Chuvash"},
}

m["kjh-fyu"] = {
	"Fuyu Kyrgyz",
	2598963,
	"kjh",
	aliases = {"Fuyu Kirgiz", "Fuyu Kirghiz", "Manchurian Kyrgyz", "Manchurian Kirgiz", "Manchurian Kirghiz"},
}

m["klj-arg"] = {
	"Arghu",
	33455,
	"klj",
	ancestors = "trk-cmn-pro",
}

m["otk-kir"] = {
	"Old Kirghiz",
	83142,
	"otk",
	aliases = {"Yenisei Turkic", "Yenisei Kyrgyz"},
}

m["otk-ork"] = {
	"Orkhon Turkic",
	31295480,
	"otk",
}

m["qwm-cum"] = {
	"Cuman",
	1075050,
	"qwm",
	aliases = {"Kuman", "Polovtsian", "Polovcian"},
}

m["qwm-arm"] = {
	"Armeno-Kipchak",
	2027503,
	"qwm",
	ancestors = "qwm-cum",
	aliases = {"Xıpçaχ tili", "Tatarça"},
}

m["qwm-mam"] = {
	"Mamluk-Kipchak",
	4279942,
	"qwm",
	aliases = {"Mameluk-Kipchak"},
}

m["az-cls"] = {
	"Classical Azerbaijani",
	nil,
	"az",
	aliases = {"Classical Azeri"},
}

m["qxq"] = {
	"Qashqai",
	13192,
	"az",
	aliases = {"Qaşqay", "Qashqayi", "Kashkai", "Kashkay"},
}

m["tr-CY"] = {
	"Cypriot Turkish",
	7917392,
	"tr",
}

m["uz-afg"] = {
	-- NOTE: has ISO 639-3 code uzs assigned to it.
	"Afghan Uzbek",
	1066787,
	"uz",
	aliases = {"Southern Uzbek"},
	translit = "uz-afg-translit",
}

m["xbo-dan"] = {
	"Danube Bulgar",
	nil,
	"xbo",
}

m["xbo-vol"] = {
	"Volga Bulgar",
	nil,
	"xbo",
}

-- Uralic lects

m["krl-nor"] = {
	"North Karelian",
	125501196,
	"krl",
}

m["krl-sou"] = {
	"South Karelian",
	129812730,
	"krl",
}

m["mns-eas"] = {
	"Eastern Mansi",
	30311755,
	"mns-cen",
}

m["mns-wes"] = {
	"Western Mansi",
	30311756,
	"mns-cen",
}

-- Yeneseian lects

m["qfa-yke-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Ketic",
	nil,
	"qfa-yen-pro",
	family = "qfa-yke",
}

m["qfa-yko-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Kottic",
	nil,
	"qfa-yen-pro",
	family = "qfa-yko",
}

m["qfa-yrn-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Arinic",
	nil,
	"qfa-yen-pro",
	family = "qfa-yrn",
}

m["qfa-ypm-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Pumpokolic",
	nil,
	"qfa-yen-pro",
	family = "qfa-ypm",
}

-- Other lects

m["alv-kro"] = {
	"Kromanti",
	1093206,
	"crp-mar",
}

m["bat-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Baltic",
	1703347,
	"ine-bsl-pro",
}

m["bat-dni"] = {
	"Dnieper Baltic",
	4163178,
	"bat-pro",
	family = "bat",
	aliases = {"Dniepr Baltic", "Dnieper-Oka Baltic", "Dniepr-Oka Baltic"},
}

m["bat-gol"] = {
	"Golyad",
	4142855,
	"bat-dni",
	aliases = {"Eastern Galindian", "East Galindian"},
}

m["es-lun"] = {
	"Lunfardo",
	1401612,
	"es",
}

m["fiu-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Finno-Ugric",
	79890,
	"urj-pro",
}

m["iro-ohu"] = {
	"Old Wendat",
	nil,
	"wdt",
}

m["iro-omo"] = {
	"Old Mohawk",
	nil,
	"moh",
}

m["iro-oon"] = {
	"Old Onondaga",
	nil,
	"ono",
}

m["okz-ang"] = {
	"Angkorian Old Khmer",
	nil,
	"okz",
	wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods",
}

m["okz-pre"] = {
	"Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer",
	nil,
	"okz",
	wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods",
}

m["mul-tax"] = {
	"taxonomic name",
	522190,
	"mul",
}

m["tai-shz"] = {
	"Shangsi Zhuang",
	13216,
	"za",
}

m["tbq-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Tibeto-Burman",
	7251864,
	"sit-pro",
}

m["th-old"] = {
	"Old Thai",
	nil,
	"tai-swe-pro",
	wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai",
}

m["th-suk"] = {
	"Sukhothai Old Thai", -- 1238-1438. Cannot use "Sukhothai Thai" as Sukhothai is the current city and "Sukhothai Thai" is a lect.
	nil,
	"th-old",
	aliases = {"Sukhothai Siamese"},
	wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai",
}

m["th-ayu"] = {
	"Ayutthaya Old Thai", -- 1351-1767. Cannot use "Ayutthaya Thai" as Ayutthaya is the current city.
	nil,
	"th-old",
	aliases = {"Ayutthaya Siamese"},
	wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai",
}

m["urj-fpr-pro"] = {
	"Proto-Finno-Permic",
	nil,
	"urj-pro",
}

--[[
m["th-new"] = {
	"Hacked Thai", -- temporary for testing new translit/display methods
	nil,
	"th",
	translit = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
	display_text = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
	entry_name = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
	preprocess_links = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit",
}
]]

return require("Module:languages").finalizeData(m, "language", true)