Greko-Latina: Difference between revisions
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<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --> | <!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --> | ||
Greko-Latina is intended as a way to take the international scientific and Greko-Latin vocabulary and make an International Auxiliary Language. It arose from my disfavor with the vocabulary, phonology, etc. of other IALs such as Esperanto and Interlingua. As a secondary matter, I hope it could be used by the Catholic Church as a way to simplify Latin to bring back for mass. | |||
<!-- Example categories/headings: | <!-- Example categories/headings: | ||
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--> | --> | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Greko-Latina uses the 26 standard letters of the Latin alphabet with the addition of æ and œ. All letters have their IPA values except c, q, and x, which are /t͡s or t͡ʃ/, /kʷ/, and /ʃ/ respectively. Four digraphs (ai, au, eu, oi) make the implied diphthong. Q does not pair with u, as in most European languages, as this is redundant. | |||
This way the letters and digraphs have as close as possible to their pan-European values as possible while also being phonetic. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Letter | |||
! IPA (preferred) | |||
! IPA (alternate) | |||
|- | |||
| a || ɑ || | |||
|- | |||
| æ || æ ||ɛ | |||
|- | |||
| b || b || | |||
|- | |||
| c || t͡s || t͡ʃ | |||
|- | |||
| d || d || | |||
|- | |||
| e || e || | |||
|- | |||
| f || f || | |||
|- | |||
| g || g || ɣ | |||
|- | |||
| h || h || ɦ | |||
|- | |||
| i || i || | |||
|- | |||
| j || j || | |||
|- | |||
| k || k || | |||
|- | |||
| l || l || | |||
|- | |||
| m || m || | |||
|- | |||
| n || n || | |||
|- | |||
| o || o || | |||
|- | |||
| œ || œ || | |||
|- | |||
| p || p || | |||
|- | |||
| q || kʷ || kw, kv | |||
|- | |||
| r || r || any voiced rhotic | |||
|- | |||
| s || s || | |||
|- | |||
| t || t || | |||
|- | |||
| u || u || | |||
|- | |||
| v || v || | |||
|- | |||
| w || w || | |||
|- | |||
| x || ʃ || | |||
|- | |||
| y || y || ɪ, ʏ, ɨ, ə | |||
|- | |||
| z || z || d͡z | |||
|} | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 610px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 610px; text-align:center;" | ||
! style="width: 120px; " colspan="1" | | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 120px; " colspan="1" | | ||
! style="width: 70px; " |Labial | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 70px; " |Labial | ||
! style="width: 70px; " |Dental | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 70px; " |Dental | ||
! style="width: 70px; " |Alveolar | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 70px; " |Alveolar | ||
! style="width: 70px; " |Palatal | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 70px; " |Palato-Alveolar | ||
!colspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 70px; " |Palatal | ||
! style="width: 70px; " |Glottal | ! colspan="2" style=witdch: 140px; |Velar | ||
|- | |||
! style="width: 60px; " |<small>plain</small> | |||
! style="width: 60px; " |<small>labialized</small> | |||
! rowspan="2"style="width: 70px; " |Glottal | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" rowspan="1" | Nasal | ! style="" rowspan="1" | Nasal | ||
| m | | m | ||
| colspan="3" | n | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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! style="" rowspan="1" |Plosive | ! style="" rowspan="1" |Plosive | ||
| p b | | p b | ||
| | | | ||
| t d | | colspan="2" |t d | ||
| | | | ||
| k g | | k g | ||
| kʷ | | kʷ | ||
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! style="" colspan="1" |Affricate | ! style="" colspan="1" |Affricate | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| colspan="2" | t͡s ~ t͡ʃ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" rowspan="1" |Fricative | ! style="" rowspan="1" |Fricative | ||
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| s z | | s z | ||
| ʃ | | ʃ | ||
| x | | colspan="2" | ç ~ x | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" colspan="1" |Approximant | ! style="" colspan="1" |Approximant | ||
| | | | ||
| | | colspan="3" | l | ||
| | | j | ||
| j | |||
| | | | ||
| w | | w | ||
| h | | h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" colspan="1" | | ! style="" colspan="1" |Rhotic | ||
| | | | ||
| colspan="3" | r r̥ | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Consonants are never geminated. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 300px; text-align:center" | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 30px; "| | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 30px; "|Front Unrounded | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 30px; "|Front Rounded | ||
! style="width: 30px; "|Back | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; "|Close | ! style="text-align: center; "|Close | ||
| i y | | i | ||
| y | |||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid | ! style="text-align: center; "|Mid | ||
| e œ | | e | ||
| œ | |||
| o | | o | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; "|Open | ! style="text-align: center; "|Open | ||
| æ | | æ | ||
| | |||
| ɑ | | ɑ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Stress is always on the penultimate syllable. | |||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
The maximal syllable structure is <C><C><C><V><C><C>. | |||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Since there are few inflections, a strict word order of SVO is required, and adjectives come after nouns. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
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==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
The Lord's Prayer: | |||
"Nostro patre, ki stas in celo, <br/> | |||
santifakato stare tutro nomene, <br/> | |||
tutro regita avenas, <br/> | |||
tutro volunto stare fakato, <br/> | |||
in geo et in celo, <br/> | |||
das a nos hodi nostro diese pane, <br/> | |||
et dismisa nostro debito tam nos dismisa le debite de alio, <br/> | |||
et no indukas nos a tentace, <br/> | |||
pero liberas nos de malo. <br/> | |||
Ka tutro stas la regita, potenca, et glori, <br/> | |||
en eternita, amen." | |||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] |
Latest revision as of 02:39, 20 January 2017
Introduction
Greko-Latina is intended as a way to take the international scientific and Greko-Latin vocabulary and make an International Auxiliary Language. It arose from my disfavor with the vocabulary, phonology, etc. of other IALs such as Esperanto and Interlingua. As a secondary matter, I hope it could be used by the Catholic Church as a way to simplify Latin to bring back for mass.
Phonology
Orthography
Greko-Latina uses the 26 standard letters of the Latin alphabet with the addition of æ and œ. All letters have their IPA values except c, q, and x, which are /t͡s or t͡ʃ/, /kʷ/, and /ʃ/ respectively. Four digraphs (ai, au, eu, oi) make the implied diphthong. Q does not pair with u, as in most European languages, as this is redundant.
This way the letters and digraphs have as close as possible to their pan-European values as possible while also being phonetic.
Letter | IPA (preferred) | IPA (alternate) |
---|---|---|
a | ɑ | |
æ | æ | ɛ |
b | b | |
c | t͡s | t͡ʃ |
d | d | |
e | e | |
f | f | |
g | g | ɣ |
h | h | ɦ |
i | i | |
j | j | |
k | k | |
l | l | |
m | m | |
n | n | |
o | o | |
œ | œ | |
p | p | |
q | kʷ | kw, kv |
r | r | any voiced rhotic |
s | s | |
t | t | |
u | u | |
v | v | |
w | w | |
x | ʃ | |
y | y | ɪ, ʏ, ɨ, ə |
z | z | d͡z |
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | labialized | Glottal | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Plosive | p b | t d | k g | kʷ | ||||
Affricate | t͡s ~ t͡ʃ | |||||||
Fricative | f v | θ | s z | ʃ | ç ~ x | |||
Approximant | l | j | w | h | ||||
Rhotic | r r̥ |
Consonants are never geminated.
Vowels
Front Unrounded | Front Rounded | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | y | u |
Mid | e | œ | o |
Open | æ | ɑ |
Prosody
Stress
Stress is always on the penultimate syllable.
Intonation
Phonotactics
The maximal syllable structure is <C><C><C><V><C><C>.
Morphophonology
Morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Since there are few inflections, a strict word order of SVO is required, and adjectives come after nouns.
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
The Lord's Prayer:
"Nostro patre, ki stas in celo,
santifakato stare tutro nomene,
tutro regita avenas,
tutro volunto stare fakato,
in geo et in celo,
das a nos hodi nostro diese pane,
et dismisa nostro debito tam nos dismisa le debite de alio,
et no indukas nos a tentace,
pero liberas nos de malo.
Ka tutro stas la regita, potenca, et glori,
en eternita, amen."