Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob/Lexicon: Difference between revisions

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! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''tēnis''' || tore'''tēnis''' || cās'''tēnis'''
| 1SG || tussa'''tēnis''' || tore'''tēnis''' || cac'''sēnis'''
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''tēris''' || tore'''tēris''' || cās'''tēris'''
| 2SG || tussa'''tēris''' || tore'''tēris''' || cac'''sēris'''
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''tēmis''' || tore'''tēmis''' || cās'''tēmis'''
| 3SG.M || tussa'''tēmis''' || tore'''tēmis''' || cac'''sēmis'''
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''tēsis''' || tore'''tēsis''' || cās'''tēsis'''
| 3SG.F || tussa'''tēsis''' || tore'''tēsis''' || cac'''sēsis'''
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussa'''tēs''' || tore'''tēs''' || cās'''tēs'''
| 3SG.N || tussa'''tēs''' || tore'''tēs''' || cac'''sēs'''
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''tēmēs''' || tore'''tēmēs''' || cās'''tēmēs'''
| 1EX || tussa'''tēmēs''' || tore'''tēmēs''' || cac'''sēmēs'''
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''tēntis''' || tore'''tēntis''' || cās'''tēntis'''
| 1IN || tussa'''tēntis''' || tore'''tēntis''' || cac'''sēntis'''
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''tēsces''' || tore'''tēsces''' || cās'''tēsces'''
| 2PL || tussa'''tēsces''' || tore'''tēsces''' || cac'''sēsces'''
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''tētis''' || tore'''tētis''' || cās'''tētis'''
| 3PL || tussa'''tētis''' || tore'''tētis''' || cac'''sētis'''
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
Line 404: Line 404:
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''tēn''' || nīs tore'''tēn''' || nīs cās'''tēn'''
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''tēn''' || nīs tore'''tēn''' || nīs cac'''sēn'''
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''tēr''' || nīs tore'''tēr''' || nīs cās'''tēr'''
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''tēr''' || nīs tore'''tēr''' || nīs cac'''sēr'''
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''tēm''' || nīs tore'''tēm''' || nīs cās'''tēm'''
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''tēm''' || nīs tore'''tēm''' || nīs cac'''sēm'''
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''tēsi''' || nīs tore'''tēsi''' || nīs cās'''tēsi'''
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''tēsi''' || nīs tore'''tēsi''' || nīs cac'''sēsi'''
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa'''tē''' || nīs tore'''tē''' || nīs cās'''tē'''
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa'''tē''' || nīs tore'''tē''' || nīs cac'''sē'''
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''tēmē''' || nīs tore'''tēmē''' || nīs cās'''tēmē'''
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''tēmē''' || nīs tore'''tēmē''' || nīs cac'''sēmē'''
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''tēnt''' || nīs tore'''tēnt''' || nīs cās'''tēnt'''
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''tēnt''' || nīs tore'''tēnt''' || nīs cac'''sēnt'''
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''tēsce''' || nīs tore'''tēsce''' || nīs cās'''tēsce'''
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''tēsce''' || nīs tore'''tēsce''' || nīs cac'''sēsce'''
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''tēt''' || nīs tore'''tēt''' || nīs cās'''tēt'''
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''tēt''' || nīs tore'''tēt''' || nīs cac'''sēt'''
|}
|}


Revision as of 05:28, 6 February 2017

Nouns and adjectives

Masculine nouns

δȳrom 'bird'
Singulative Collective Plurative
Indefinite δȳrom δyδȳrom δȳrīs
Definite δȳrae δyδȳrae δȳrinny


Possessed forms of δȳrom - 'word'
Number→
State↓ 		Singulative Plurative
Construct δȳrot δȳror
1sg possessor δȳrōn δȳroryn
2sg.m possessor δȳrossi δȳroressi
2sg.f possessor δȳrossy δȳroressy
3sg.m possessor δȳrō δȳrory
3sg.f possessor δȳrī δȳrorī
3sg.n possessor δȳra δȳrora
1exc possessor δȳrommo δȳrorammo
1inc possessor δȳront δȳrorynt
2pl possessor δȳrocca δȳrorecca
3pl possessor δȳrōr δȳrorōr

Feminine nouns

gondā 'body'
Singulative Collective Plurative
Indefinite gondā gogondā gondār
Definite gondām gogondām gondāsa


Possessed forms of gondā - 'body'
Number→
State↓ 		Singulative Plurative
Construct gondāt gondanna
1sg possessor gondaen gondannan
2sg.m possessor gondaessi gondannassi
2sg.f possessor gondaessy gondannassy
3sg.m possessor gondae gondanny
3sg.f possessor gondaeī gondannī
3sg.n possessor gondaea gondanna
1exc possessor gondaemmo gondannammo
1inc possessor gondaent gondannynt
2pl possessor gondaecca gondannecca
3pl possessor gondaeōr gondannōr

Neuter nouns

tecty 'child'
Singulative Collective Plurative
Indefinite tecty tetecty tectȳn
Definite tectys tetectys tectȳr


Possessed forms of tecty - 'child'
Number→
State↓ 		Singulative Plurative
Construct tectyt tectȳsi
1sg possessor tectyn tectȳsin
2sg.m possessor tectyssi tectȳssi
2sg.f possessor tectyssy tectȳssy
3sg.m possessor tectymy tectȳsiō
3sg.f possessor tectymī tectȳsī
3sg.n possessor tectyma tectȳsia
1exc possessor tectȳmmo tectȳsimmo
1inc possessor tectȳnt tectȳsint
2pl possessor tectȳcca tectȳsicca
3pl possessor tectymōr tectȳsiōr

Mass nouns

jenā 'water' (n.)
Singulative Collective
Indefinite jenā jenenā
Definite jenaȝes jenenaȝes

Adjectives

The predicative form of an adjective is the indefinite singular form.

Verbs

The verbal system is one of the most complex aspects of Mwail/Old Gloob/Lexicon grammar. A verb can take many affixes which are arranged in the following template:

  1. switch-reference marker
  2. applicative or derivational prefixes
  3. object prefix
  4. (prefix or reduplication for some TAMs)
  5. STEM
  6. voice suffix
  7. TAM + subject
  8. emphatic suffix -is

Verbs often take an emphatic suffix or clitic -is, which is more often used with affirmative statements than negative statements.

Object markers

  • 1sg: ni-
  • 2sg: ri-
  • 3sg: bi-
  • 1pl.ex: mē-
  • 1pl.ex: dē-
  • 2pl: sē-
  • 3pl: nē-

TAM + subject markers

Thensarian verbs are conjugated in present, imperfect, preterite, future, perfect, and pluperfect tenses; indicative, subjunctive, optative and imperative moods; and active and passive voices.

  • Consonant stems: (-y-)
  • Vowel stems: -a-, -e-, -i-, -o/u-?

The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:

  • cacsynis = I eat
  • nīs cacsyn = I do not eat

Present

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussanis torenis cacsynis
2SG tussaris toreris cacsyris
3SG.M tussamis toremis cacsymis
3SG.F tussasis toresis cacsysis
3SG.N tussas tores cacsys
1EX tussamēs toremēs cacsymēs
1IN tussantis torentis cacsyntis
2PL tussasces toresces cacsysces
3PL tussatis toretis cacsytis

Dependent forms (shown with nīs 'not'):

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tussan nīs toren nīs cacsyn
2SG nīs tussar nīs torer nīs cacsyr
3SG.M nīs tussam nīs torem nīs cacsym
3SG.F nīs tussasi nīs toresi nīs cacsysi
3SG.N nīs tussa nīs tore nīs cacsy
1EX nīs tussamē nīs toremē nīs cacsymē
1IN nīs tussant nīs torent nīs cacsynt
2PL nīs tussasce nīs toresce nīs cacsysce
3PL nīs tussat nīs toret nīs cacsyt

Imperfect

Uses reduplication:

  • Stems beginning in a vowel uses the first vowel (shortened) + the first following consonant as the reduplicant
  • Stems beginning in ħ- or ȝ- lengthen the first vowel

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I beg, pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tetussanis tetorenis
2SG tetussaris tetoreris
3SG.M tetussamis tetoremis
3SG.F tetussasis tetoresis
3SG.N tetussas tetores
1EX tetussamēs tetoremēs
1IN tetussantis tetorentis
2PL tetussasces tetoresces
3PL tetussatis tetoretis

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tetussan nīs tetoren
2SG nīs tetussar nīs tetorer
3SG.M nīs tetussam nīs tetorem
3SG.F nīs tetussasi nīs tetoresi
3SG.N nīs tetussa nīs tetore
1EX nīs tetussamē nīs tetoremē
1IN nīs tetussant nīs tetorent
2PL nīs tetussasce nīs tetoresce
3PL nīs tetussat nīs tetoret

Preterite

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I beg, pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussannemis torennemis cēnnemis
2SG tussarȳs torerȳs cērȳs
3SG.M tussasmis toresmis cēsmis
3SG.F tussastis torestis cēstis
3SG.N tussasos toresos cēsos
1EX tussameris toremeris cēmeris
1IN tussanteris torenteris cēnteris
2PL tussasceris toresceris cēsceris
3PL tussateris toreteris cēteris

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tussannem nīs torennem nīs cēnem
2SG nīs tussarȳ nīs torerȳ nīs cērȳ
3SG.M nīs tussasmi nīs toresmi nīs cēsmi
3SG.F nīs tussasti nīs toresti nīs cēsti
3SG.N nīs tussaso nīs toreso nīs cēso
1EX nīs tussamer nīs toremer nīs cēmer
1IN nīs tussanter nīs torenter nīs cēnter
2PL nīs tussascer nīs torescer nīs cēscer
3PL nīs tussater nīs toreter nīs cēter

Future

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussatēnis toretēnis cacsēnis
2SG tussatēris toretēris cacsēris
3SG.M tussatēmis toretēmis cacsēmis
3SG.F tussatēsis toretēsis cacsēsis
3SG.N tussatēs toretēs cacsēs
1EX tussatēmēs toretēmēs cacsēmēs
1IN tussatēntis toretēntis cacsēntis
2PL tussatēsces toretēsces cacsēsces
3PL tussatētis toretētis cacsētis

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tussatēn nīs toretēn nīs cacsēn
2SG nīs tussatēr nīs toretēr nīs cacsēr
3SG.M nīs tussatēm nīs toretēm nīs cacsēm
3SG.F nīs tussatēsi nīs toretēsi nīs cacsēsi
3SG.N nīs tussatē nīs toretē nīs cacsē
1EX nīs tussatēmē nīs toretēmē nīs cacsēmē
1IN nīs tussatēnt nīs toretēnt nīs cacsēnt
2PL nīs tussatēsce nīs toretēsce nīs cacsēsce
3PL nīs tussatēt nīs toretēt nīs cacsēt

Subjunctive

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussanaes torenaes
2SG tussaraes toreraes
3SG.M tussamioris toremioris
3SG.F tussasioris toresioris
3SG.N tussoris torioris
1EX tussamaes toremaes
1IN tussantaes torentaes
2PL tussascaes torescaes
3PL tussatioris toretioris

Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative δā):

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG δā tussanae δā torenae
2SG δā tussarae δā torerae
3SG.M δā tussamior δā toremior
3SG.F δā tussasior δā toresior
3SG.N δā tussor δā torior
1EX δā tussamae δā toremae
1IN δā tussantae δā torentae
2PL δā tussascae δā torescae
3PL δā tussatior δā toretior

Optative

  • 1sg -dun(is)?
  • 2sg -dur(is)
  • 3sg.m -dum(is)
  • 3sg.f -dusi(s)
  • 3sg.n -du(s)
  • 1ex -dumā(s)
  • 1in -dunt(is)
  • 2pl -dusce(s)
  • 3pl -dut(is)

Imperative

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I beg, pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
2SG tussās! torēs!
1IN tussantēs! torentēs!
2PL tussascēs! torescēs!

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
2SG δā tussā! δā torē!
1IN δā tussantē! δā torentē!
2PL δā tussascē! δā torescē!

Derivational morphology

  • ar-, afor- = telic
  • fer- = nominalizer
  • ēs- = co-, together
  • -ro- = passive marker
  • -t- = a causative marker

Numbers

  • 1: cēmym
  • 2: tiθōr
  • 3: narge
  • 4: δaobe
  • 5: salithe
  • 6: stāmym
  • 7: rōde
  • 8: lorede
  • 9: barve
  • 10: ħiōr
  • 11: jācēmym
  • 12: naesā
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