Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob/Lexicon: Difference between revisions

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The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
*''cacsyn'''is''''' = I eat
*''cacsynis'' = I eat
*''nīs cacsyn'' = I do not eat
*''nīs cacsyn'' = I do not eat
====Present====
====Present====
Line 231: Line 231:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''nis''' || tore'''nis''' || cacsy'''nis'''
| 1SG || tussanis || torenis || aellinis || cacsynis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''ris''' || tore'''ris''' || cacsy'''ris'''
| 2SG || tussaris || toreris || aelliris || cacsyris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''mis''' || tore'''mis''' || cacsy'''mis'''
| 3SG.M || tussamis || toremis || aellimis || cacsymis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''sis''' || tore'''sis''' || cacsy'''sis'''
| 3SG.F || tussasis || toresis || aellisis || cacsysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussa'''s''' || tore'''s''' || cacs'''is'''
| 3SG.N || tussas || tores || aellis || cacsis
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''mēs''' || tore'''mēs''' || cacsy'''mēs'''
| 1EX || tussamēs || toremēs || aellimēs || cacsymēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''ntis''' || tore'''ntis''' || cacsy'''ntis'''
| 1IN || tussantis || torentis || aellintis || cacsyntis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''sces''' || tore'''sces''' || cacsy'''sces'''
| 2PL || tussasces || toresces || aellisces || cacsysces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''tis''' || tore'''tis''' || cacsy'''tis'''
| 3PL || tussatis || toretis || aellitis || cacsytis
|}
|}
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''n''' || nīs tore'''n''' || nīs cacsy'''n'''
| 1SG || nīs tussan || nīs toren || nīs aellin || nīs cacsyn
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''r''' || nīs tore'''r''' || nīs cacsy'''r'''
| 2SG || nīs tussar || nīs torer || nīs aellir || nīs cacsyr
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''m''' || nīs tore'''m''' || nīs cacsy'''m'''
| 3SG.M || nīs tussam || nīs torem || nīs aellim || nīs cacsym
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''si''' || nīs tore'''si''' || nīs cacsy'''si'''
| 3SG.F || nīs tussasi || nīs toresi || nīs aellisi || nīs cacsysi
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa || nīs tore || nīs cacsy
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa || nīs tore || nīs aelli || nīs cacsy
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''mē''' || nīs tore'''mē''' || nīs cacsy'''mē'''
| 1EX || nīs tussamē || nīs toremē || nīs aellimē || nīs cacsymē
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''nt''' || nīs tore'''nt''' || nīs cacsy'''nt'''
| 1IN || nīs tussant || nīs torent || nīs aellint || nīs cacsynt
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''sce''' || nīs tore'''sce''' || nīs cacsy'''sce'''
| 2PL || nīs tussasce || nīs toresce || nīs aellisce || nīs cacsysce
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''t''' || nīs tore'''t''' || nīs cacsy'''t'''
| 3PL || nīs tussat || nīs toret || nīs aellit || nīs cacsyt
|}
|}


====Imperfect====
====Imperfect====
Uses reduplication:
Uses reduplication:
*Stems beginning in a vowel uses the first vowel (shortened) + the first following consonant as the reduplicant.
*Stems beginning in a vowel uses the first vowel (shortened) + the first following consonant as the reduplicant - the exact reduplicant often depends on the word, though.
*Stems beginning in ħ- or ȝ- lengthen the first vowel: ''ȝastranis'' 'I laugh', ''ȝāstranis'' 'I used to laugh'.
*Stems beginning in ħ- or ȝ- lengthen the first vowel: ''ȝastranis'' 'I laugh', ''ȝāstranis'' 'I used to laugh'.


Line 283: Line 283:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tetussa'''nis''' || tetore'''nis''' || cecacsy'''nis'''
| 1SG || tetussanis || tetorenis || aeaellinis || cecacsynis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tetussa'''ris''' || tetore'''ris''' || cecacsy'''ris'''
| 2SG || tetussaris || tetoreris || aeaelliris || cecacsyris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tetussa'''mis''' || tetore'''mis''' || cecacsy'''mis'''
| 3SG.M || tetussamis || tetoremis || aeaellimis || cecacsymis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tetussa'''sis''' || tetore'''sis''' || cecacsy'''sis'''
| 3SG.F || tetussasis || tetoresis || aeaellisis || cecacsysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tetussa'''s''' || tetore'''s''' || cecacs'''is'''
| 3SG.N || tetussas || tetores || aeaellis || cecacsis
|-
|-
| 1EX || tetussa'''mēs''' || tetore'''mēs''' || cecacsy'''mēs'''
| 1EX || tetussamēs || tetoremēs || aeaellimēs || cecacsymēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tetussa'''ntis''' || tetore'''ntis''' || cecacsy'''ntis'''
| 1IN || tetussantis || tetorentis || aeaellintis || cecacsyntis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tetussa'''sces''' || tetore'''sces''' || cecacsy'''sces'''
| 2PL || tetussasces || tetoresces || aeaellisces || cecacsysces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tetussa'''tis''' || tetore'''tis''' || cecacsy'''tis'''
| 3PL || tetussatis || tetoretis || aeaellitis || cecacsytis
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tetussa'''n''' || nīs tetore'''n''' || nīs cecacsy'''n'''
| 1SG || nīs tetussan || nīs tetoren || nīs aeaellin || nīs cecacsyn
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tetussa'''r''' || nīs tetore'''r''' || nīs cecacsy'''r'''
| 2SG || nīs tetussar || nīs tetorer || nīs aeaellir || nīs cecacsyr
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tetussa'''m''' || nīs tetore'''m''' || nīs cecacsy'''m'''
| 3SG.M || nīs tetussam || nīs tetorem || nīs aeaellim || nīs cecacsym
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tetussa'''si''' || nīs tetore'''si''' || nīs cecacsy'''sis'''
| 3SG.F || nīs tetussasi || nīs tetoresi || nīs aeaellisi || nīs cecacsysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tetussa || nīs tetore || nīs cecacsy
| 3SG.N || nīs tetussa || nīs tetore || nīs aeaelli || nīs cecacsy
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tetussa'''mē''' || nīs tetore'''mē''' || nīs cecacsy'''mē'''
| 1EX || nīs tetussamē || nīs tetoremē || nīs aeaellimē || nīs cecacsymē
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tetussa'''nt''' || nīs tetore'''nt''' || nīs cecacsy'''nt'''
| 1IN || nīs tetussant || nīs tetorent || nīs aeaellint || nīs cecacsynt
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tetussa'''sce''' || nīs tetore'''sce''' || nīs cecacsy'''sce'''
| 2PL || nīs tetussasce || nīs tetoresce || nīs aeaellisce || nīs cecacsysce
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tetussa'''t''' || nīs tetore'''t''' || nīs cecacsy'''t'''
| 3PL || nīs tetussat || nīs tetoret || nīs aeaellit || nīs cecacsyt
|}
|}


Line 333: Line 333:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''nnemis''' || tore'''nnemis''' || cē'''nnemis'''
| 1SG || tussannemis || torennemis || aellinnemis || cēnnemis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''rȳs''' || tore'''rȳs''' || cē'''rȳs'''
| 2SG || tussarȳs || torerȳs || aellirȳs || cērȳs
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''smis''' || tore'''smis''' || cē'''smis'''
| 3SG.M || tussasmis || toresmis || aellismis || cēsmis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''stis''' || tore'''stis''' || cē'''stis'''
| 3SG.F || tussastis || torestis || aellistis || cēstis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussa'''sos''' || tore'''sos''' || cē'''sos'''
| 3SG.N || tussasos || toresos || aellisos || cēsos
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''meris''' || tore'''meris''' || cē'''meris'''
| 1EX || tussameris || toremeris || aellimeris || cēmeris
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''nteris''' || tore'''nteris''' || cē'''nteris'''
| 1IN || tussanteris || torenteris || aellinteris || cēnteris
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''sceris''' || tore'''sceris''' || cē'''sceris'''
| 2PL || tussasceris || toresceris || aellisceris || cēsceris
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''teris''' || tore'''teris''' || cē'''teris'''
| 3PL || tussateris || toreteris || aelliteris || cēteris
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''nnem''' || nīs tore'''nnem''' || nīs cē'''nnem'''
| 1SG || nīs tussannem || nīs torennem || nīs aellinnem || nīs cēnnem
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''rȳ''' || nīs tore'''rȳ''' || nīs cē'''rȳ'''
| 2SG || nīs tussarȳ || nīs torerȳ || nīs aellirȳ || nīs cērȳ
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''smi''' || nīs tore'''smi''' || nīs cē'''smi'''
| 3SG.M || nīs tussasmi || nīs toresmi || nīs aellismi || nīs cēsmi
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''sti''' || nīs tore'''sti''' || nīs cē'''sti'''
| 3SG.F || nīs tussasti || nīs toresti || nīs aellisti || nīs cēsti
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa'''so''' || nīs tore'''so''' || nīs cē'''so'''
| 3SG.N || nīs tussaso || nīs toreso || nīs aelliso || nīs cēso
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''mer''' || nīs tore'''mer''' || nīs cē'''mer'''
| 1EX || nīs tussamer || nīs toremer || nīs aellimer || nīs cēmer
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''nter''' || nīs tore'''nter''' || nīs cē'''nter'''
| 1IN || nīs tussanter || nīs torenter || nīs aellinter ||  nīs cēnter
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''scer''' || nīs tore'''scer''' || nīs cē'''scer'''
| 2PL || nīs tussascer || nīs torescer || nīs aelliscer || nīs cēscer
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''ter''' || nīs tore'''ter''' || nīs cē'''ter'''
| 3PL || nīs tussater || nīs toreter || nīs aelliter || nīs cēter
|}
|}


Line 388: Line 388:
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''tēnis''' || tore'''tēnis''' || cās'''tēnis'''
| 1SG || tussatēnis || toretēnis || cāstēnis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''tēris''' || tore'''tēris''' || cās'''tēris'''
| 2SG || tussatēris || toretēris || cāstēris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''tēmis''' || tore'''tēmis''' || cās'''tēmis'''
| 3SG.M || tussatēmis || toretēmis || cāstēmis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''tēsis''' || tore'''tēsis''' || cās'''tēsis'''
| 3SG.F || tussatēsis || toretēsis || cāstēsis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussa'''tēs''' || tore'''tēs''' || cās'''tēs'''
| 3SG.N || tussatēs || toretēs || cāstēs
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''tēmēs''' || tore'''tēmēs''' || cās'''tēmēs'''
| 1EX || tussatēmēs || toretēmēs || cāstēmēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''tēntis''' || tore'''tēntis''' || cās'''tēntis'''
| 1IN || tussatēntis || toretēntis || cāstēntis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''tēsces''' || tore'''tēsces''' || cās'''tēsces'''
| 2PL || tussatēsces || toretēsces || cāstēsces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''tētis''' || tore'''tētis''' || cās'''tētis'''
| 3PL || tussatētis || toretētis || cāstētis
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
Line 411: Line 411:
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussa'''tēn''' || nīs tore'''tēn''' || nīs cās'''tēn'''
| 1SG || nīs tussatēn || nīs toretēn || nīs cāstēn
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussa'''tēr''' || nīs tore'''tēr''' || nīs cās'''tēr'''
| 2SG || nīs tussatēr || nīs toretēr || nīs cāstēr
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussa'''tēm''' || nīs tore'''tēm''' || nīs cās'''tēm'''
| 3SG.M || nīs tussatēm || nīs toretēm || nīs cāstēm
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussa'''tēsi''' || nīs tore'''tēsi''' || nīs cās'''tēsi'''
| 3SG.F || nīs tussatēsi || nīs toretēsi || nīs cāstēsi
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa'''tē''' || nīs tore'''tē''' || nīs cās'''tē'''
| 3SG.N || nīs tussatē || nīs toretē || nīs cāstē
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussa'''tēmē''' || nīs tore'''tēmē''' || nīs cās'''tēmē'''
| 1EX || nīs tussatēmē || nīs toretēmē || nīs cāstēmē
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussa'''tēnt''' || nīs tore'''tēnt''' || nīs cās'''tēnt'''
| 1IN || nīs tussatēnt || nīs toretēnt || nīs cāstēnt
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussa'''tēsce''' || nīs tore'''tēsce''' || nīs cās'''tēsce'''
| 2PL || nīs tussatēsce || nīs toretēsce || nīs cāstēsce
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussa'''tēt''' || nīs tore'''tēt''' || nīs cās'''tēt'''
| 3PL || nīs tussatēt || nīs toretēt || nīs cāstēt
|}
|}


Line 436: Line 436:
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussa'''naes''' || tore'''naes''' || cacsy'''naes'''
| 1SG || tussanaes || torenaes || cacsynaes
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussa'''raes''' || tore'''raes''' || cacsy'''raes'''
| 2SG || tussaraes || toreraes || cacsyraes
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussa'''mioris''' || tore'''mioris''' || cacsy'''mioris'''
| 3SG.M || tussamioris || toremioris || cacsymioris
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussa'''sioris''' || tore'''sioris''' || cacs'''ysioris'''
| 3SG.F || tussasioris || toresioris || cacsysioris
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tuss'''oris''' || tor'''ioris''' || cacs'''ioris'''
| 3SG.N || tussoris || torioris || cacsioris
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussa'''maes''' || tore'''maes''' || cacsy'''maes'''
| 1EX || tussamaes || toremaes || cacsymaes
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''ntaes''' || tore'''ntaes''' || cacsy'''ntaes'''
| 1IN || tussantaes || torentaes || cacsyntaes
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''scaes''' || tore'''scaes''' || cacsy'''scaes'''
| 2PL || tussascaes || torescaes || cacsyscaes
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussa'''tioris''' || tore'''tioris''' || cacsy'''tioris'''
| 3PL || tussatioris || toretioris || cacsytioris
|}
|}
Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative ''δā''):
Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative ''δā''):
Line 459: Line 459:
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || δā tussa'''nae''' || δā tore'''nae''' || δā cacsy'''nae'''
| 1SG || δā tussanae || δā torenae || δā cacsynae
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussa'''rae''' || δā tore'''rae''' || δā cacsy'''rae'''
| 2SG || δā tussarae || δā torerae || δā cacsyrae
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussa'''mior''' || δā tore'''mior''' || δā cacsy'''mior'''
| 3SG.M || δā tussamior || δā toremior || δā cacsymior
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussa'''sior''' || δā tore'''sior''' || δā cacsy'''sior'''
| 3SG.F || δā tussasior || δā toresior || δā cacsysior
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tuss'''or''' || δā tor'''ior''' || δā cacs'''ior'''
| 3SG.N || δā tussor || δā torior || δā cacsior
|-
|-
| 1EX || δā tussa'''mae''' || δā tore'''mae''' || δā cacsy'''mae'''
| 1EX || δā tussamae || δā toremae || δā cacsymae
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussa'''ntae''' || δā tore'''ntae''' || δā cacsy'''ntae'''
| 1IN || δā tussantae || δā torentae || δā cacsyntae
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussa'''scae''' || δā tore'''scae''' || δā cacsy'''scae'''
| 2PL || δā tussascae || δā torescae || δā cacsyscae
|-
|-
| 3PL || δā tussa'''tior''' || δā tore'''tior''' || δā cacsy'''tior'''
| 3PL || δā tussatior || δā toretior || δā cacsytior
|}
|}


Line 485: Line 485:
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussae'''donis''' || torē'''donis''' || cacsi'''donis'''
| 1SG || tussaedonis || torēdonis || cacsidonis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussae'''doris''' || torē'''doris''' || cacsi'''doris'''
| 2SG || tussaedoris || torēdoris || cacsidoris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussae'''domis''' || torē'''domis''' || cacsi'''domis'''
| 3SG.M || tussaedomis || torēdomis || cacsidomis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussae'''dosis''' || torē'''dosis''' || cacsi'''dosis'''
| 3SG.F || tussaedosis || torēdosis || cacsidosis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussae'''dos''' || torē'''dos''' || cacsi'''dos'''
| 3SG.N || tussaedos || torēdos || cacsidos
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussae'''domēs''' || torē'''domēs''' || cacsi'''domēs'''
| 1EX || tussaedomēs || torēdomēs || cacsidomēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussae'''dontis''' || torē'''dontis''' || cacsi'''dontis'''
| 1IN || tussaedontis || torēdontis || cacsidontis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussae'''dosces''' || torē'''dosces''' || cacsi'''dosces'''
| 2PL || tussaedosces || torēdosces || cacsidosces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussae'''dotis''' || torē'''dotis''' || cacsi'''dotis'''
| 3PL || tussaedotis || torēdotis || cacsidotis
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
Line 508: Line 508:
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || δā tussae'''don''' || δā torē'''don''' || δā cacsi'''don'''
| 1SG || δā tussaedon || δā torēdon || δā cacsidon
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussae'''dor''' || δā torē'''dor''' || δā cacsi'''dor'''
| 2SG || δā tussaedor || δā torēdor || δā cacsidor
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussae'''dom''' || δā torē'''dom''' || δā cacsi'''dom'''
| 3SG.M || δā tussaedom || δā torēdom || δā cacsidom
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussae'''dosi''' || δā torē'''dosi''' || δā cacsi'''dosi'''
| 3SG.F || δā tussaedosi || δā torēdosi || δā cacsidosi
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tussae'''do''' || δā torē'''do''' || δā cacsi'''do'''
| 3SG.N || δā tussaedo || δā torēdo || δā cacsido
|-
|-
| 1EX || δā tussae'''domē''' || δā torē'''domē''' || δā cacsi'''domē'''
| 1EX || δā tussaedomē || δā torēdomē || δā cacsidomē
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussae'''dont''' || δā torē'''dont''' || δā cacsi'''dont'''
| 1IN || δā tussaedont || δā torēdont || δā cacsidont
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussae'''dosce''' || δā torē'''dosce''' || δā cacsi'''dosce'''
| 2PL || δā tussaedosce || δā torēdosce || δā cacsidosce
|-
|-
| 3PL || δā tussae'''dot''' || δā torē'''dot''' || δā cacsi'''dot'''
| 3PL || δā tussaedot || δā torēdot || δā cacsidot
|}
|}


Line 531: Line 531:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 2SG || tuss'''ās'''! || tor'''ēs'''! || cacs'''ys'''!
| 2SG || tussās! || torēs! || aellīs! || cacsys!
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussa'''ntēs!''' || tore'''ntēs'''! || cacsy'''ntēs'''!
| 1IN || tussantēs! || torentēs! || aellintēs! || cacsyntēs!
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussa'''scēs!''' || tore'''scēs'''! || cacs'''yscēs'''!
| 2PL || tussascēs! || torescēs! || aelliscēs! || cacsyscēs!
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tuss'''ā'''! || δā tor'''ē'''! || δā cacs'''y'''!
| 2SG || δā tussā! || δā torē! || δā aellī! || δā cacsy!
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussa'''ntē!''' || δā tore'''ntē'''! || δā cacsy'''ntē'''!
| 1IN || δā tussantē! || δā torentē! || δā aellintē! || δā cacsyntē!
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussa'''scē!''' || δā tore'''scē'''! || δā cacsy'''scē'''!
| 2PL || δā tussascē! || δā torescē! || δā aelliscē! || δā cacsyscē!
|}
|}


Revision as of 15:22, 11 February 2017

Nouns and adjectives

Masculine nouns

δȳrom 'bird'
Singulative Collective Plurative
Indefinite δȳrom δyδȳrom δȳrīs
Definite δȳrae δyδȳrae δȳrinny


Possessed forms of δȳrom - 'word'
Number→
State↓ 		Singulative Plurative
Construct δȳrot δȳrinnyt
1sg possessor δȳrōn δȳroryn
2sg.m possessor δȳrossi δȳroressi
2sg.f possessor δȳrossy δȳroressy
3sg.m possessor δȳrō δȳrory
3sg.f possessor δȳrī δȳrorī
3sg.n possessor δȳra δȳrora
1exc possessor δȳrommo δȳrorammo
1inc possessor δȳront δȳrorynt
2pl possessor δȳrocca δȳrorecca
3pl possessor δȳrōr δȳrorōr

Feminine nouns

gondā 'body'
Singulative Collective Plurative
Indefinite gondā gogondā gondār
Definite gondām gogondām gondāsa


Possessed forms of gondā - 'body'
Number→
State↓ 		Singulative Plurative
Construct gondāt gondāsat
1sg possessor gondaen gondannan
2sg.m possessor gondaessi gondannassi
2sg.f possessor gondaessy gondannassy
3sg.m possessor gondae gondanny
3sg.f possessor gondaeī gondannī
3sg.n possessor gondaea gondanna
1exc possessor gondaemmo gondannammo
1inc possessor gondaent gondannynt
2pl possessor gondaecca gondannecca
3pl possessor gondaeōr gondannōr

Neuter nouns

tecty 'child'
Singulative Collective Plurative
Indefinite tecty tetecty tectȳn
Definite tectys tetectys tectȳr


Possessed forms of tecty - 'child'
Number→
State↓ 		Singulative Plurative
Construct tectyt tectȳt
1sg possessor tectyn tectȳsin
2sg.m possessor tectyssi tectȳssi
2sg.f possessor tectyssy tectȳssy
3sg.m possessor tectymy tectȳsiō
3sg.f possessor tectymī tectȳsī
3sg.n possessor tectyma tectȳsia
1exc possessor tectȳmmo tectȳsimmo
1inc possessor tectȳnt tectȳsint
2pl possessor tectȳcca tectȳsicca
3pl possessor tectymōr tectȳsiōr

Mass nouns

jenā 'water' (n.)
Singulative Collective
Indefinite jenā jenenā
Definite jenaȝes jenenaȝes

Adjectives

The predicative form of an adjective is the indefinite singular form.

Verbs

The verbal system is one of the most complex aspects of Mwail/Old Gloob/Lexicon grammar. A verb can take many affixes which are arranged in the following template:

  1. switch-reference marker
  2. applicative or derivational prefixes
  3. object prefix
  4. (prefix or reduplication for some TAMs)
  5. STEM
  6. voice suffix
  7. TAM + subject
  8. emphatic suffix -is

Verbs often take an emphatic suffix or clitic -is, which is more often used with affirmative statements than negative statements.

Object markers

  • 1sg: ni-
  • 2sg: ri-
  • 3sg: bi-
  • 1pl.ex: mē-
  • 1pl.ex: dē-
  • 2pl: sē-
  • 3pl: nē-

TAM + subject markers

Thensarian verbs are conjugated in present, imperfect, preterite, future, perfect, and pluperfect tenses; indicative, subjunctive, optative and imperative moods; and active and passive voices.

  • Consonant stems: (-y-)
  • Vowel stems: -a-, -e-, -i-, -o-, -u-

The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:

  • cacsynis = I eat
  • nīs cacsyn = I do not eat

Present

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussanis torenis aellinis cacsynis
2SG tussaris toreris aelliris cacsyris
3SG.M tussamis toremis aellimis cacsymis
3SG.F tussasis toresis aellisis cacsysis
3SG.N tussas tores aellis cacsis
1EX tussamēs toremēs aellimēs cacsymēs
1IN tussantis torentis aellintis cacsyntis
2PL tussasces toresces aellisces cacsysces
3PL tussatis toretis aellitis cacsytis

Dependent forms (shown with nīs 'not'):

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tussan nīs toren nīs aellin nīs cacsyn
2SG nīs tussar nīs torer nīs aellir nīs cacsyr
3SG.M nīs tussam nīs torem nīs aellim nīs cacsym
3SG.F nīs tussasi nīs toresi nīs aellisi nīs cacsysi
3SG.N nīs tussa nīs tore nīs aelli nīs cacsy
1EX nīs tussamē nīs toremē nīs aellimē nīs cacsymē
1IN nīs tussant nīs torent nīs aellint nīs cacsynt
2PL nīs tussasce nīs toresce nīs aellisce nīs cacsysce
3PL nīs tussat nīs toret nīs aellit nīs cacsyt

Imperfect

Uses reduplication:

  • Stems beginning in a vowel uses the first vowel (shortened) + the first following consonant as the reduplicant - the exact reduplicant often depends on the word, though.
  • Stems beginning in ħ- or ȝ- lengthen the first vowel: ȝastranis 'I laugh', ȝāstranis 'I used to laugh'.

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tetussanis tetorenis aeaellinis cecacsynis
2SG tetussaris tetoreris aeaelliris cecacsyris
3SG.M tetussamis tetoremis aeaellimis cecacsymis
3SG.F tetussasis tetoresis aeaellisis cecacsysis
3SG.N tetussas tetores aeaellis cecacsis
1EX tetussamēs tetoremēs aeaellimēs cecacsymēs
1IN tetussantis tetorentis aeaellintis cecacsyntis
2PL tetussasces tetoresces aeaellisces cecacsysces
3PL tetussatis tetoretis aeaellitis cecacsytis

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tetussan nīs tetoren nīs aeaellin nīs cecacsyn
2SG nīs tetussar nīs tetorer nīs aeaellir nīs cecacsyr
3SG.M nīs tetussam nīs tetorem nīs aeaellim nīs cecacsym
3SG.F nīs tetussasi nīs tetoresi nīs aeaellisi nīs cecacsysis
3SG.N nīs tetussa nīs tetore nīs aeaelli nīs cecacsy
1EX nīs tetussamē nīs tetoremē nīs aeaellimē nīs cecacsymē
1IN nīs tetussant nīs tetorent nīs aeaellint nīs cecacsynt
2PL nīs tetussasce nīs tetoresce nīs aeaellisce nīs cecacsysce
3PL nīs tetussat nīs tetoret nīs aeaellit nīs cecacsyt

Preterite

Verbs whose stem terminates in a consonant - especially the ablauting verbs - may change the stem form in the preterite.

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussannemis torennemis aellinnemis cēnnemis
2SG tussarȳs torerȳs aellirȳs cērȳs
3SG.M tussasmis toresmis aellismis cēsmis
3SG.F tussastis torestis aellistis cēstis
3SG.N tussasos toresos aellisos cēsos
1EX tussameris toremeris aellimeris cēmeris
1IN tussanteris torenteris aellinteris cēnteris
2PL tussasceris toresceris aellisceris cēsceris
3PL tussateris toreteris aelliteris cēteris

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tussannem nīs torennem nīs aellinnem nīs cēnnem
2SG nīs tussarȳ nīs torerȳ nīs aellirȳ nīs cērȳ
3SG.M nīs tussasmi nīs toresmi nīs aellismi nīs cēsmi
3SG.F nīs tussasti nīs toresti nīs aellisti nīs cēsti
3SG.N nīs tussaso nīs toreso nīs aelliso nīs cēso
1EX nīs tussamer nīs toremer nīs aellimer nīs cēmer
1IN nīs tussanter nīs torenter nīs aellinter nīs cēnter
2PL nīs tussascer nīs torescer nīs aelliscer nīs cēscer
3PL nīs tussater nīs toreter nīs aelliter nīs cēter

Future

Verbs whose stem terminates in a consonant may change the stem form in the future.

  • cs + t > :st or cs?
  • f + t > ct

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussatēnis toretēnis cāstēnis
2SG tussatēris toretēris cāstēris
3SG.M tussatēmis toretēmis cāstēmis
3SG.F tussatēsis toretēsis cāstēsis
3SG.N tussatēs toretēs cāstēs
1EX tussatēmēs toretēmēs cāstēmēs
1IN tussatēntis toretēntis cāstēntis
2PL tussatēsces toretēsces cāstēsces
3PL tussatētis toretētis cāstētis

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG nīs tussatēn nīs toretēn nīs cāstēn
2SG nīs tussatēr nīs toretēr nīs cāstēr
3SG.M nīs tussatēm nīs toretēm nīs cāstēm
3SG.F nīs tussatēsi nīs toretēsi nīs cāstēsi
3SG.N nīs tussatē nīs toretē nīs cāstē
1EX nīs tussatēmē nīs toretēmē nīs cāstēmē
1IN nīs tussatēnt nīs toretēnt nīs cāstēnt
2PL nīs tussatēsce nīs toretēsce nīs cāstēsce
3PL nīs tussatēt nīs toretēt nīs cāstēt

Subjunctive

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussanaes torenaes cacsynaes
2SG tussaraes toreraes cacsyraes
3SG.M tussamioris toremioris cacsymioris
3SG.F tussasioris toresioris cacsysioris
3SG.N tussoris torioris cacsioris
1EX tussamaes toremaes cacsymaes
1IN tussantaes torentaes cacsyntaes
2PL tussascaes torescaes cacsyscaes
3PL tussatioris toretioris cacsytioris

Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative δā):

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG δā tussanae δā torenae δā cacsynae
2SG δā tussarae δā torerae δā cacsyrae
3SG.M δā tussamior δā toremior δā cacsymior
3SG.F δā tussasior δā toresior δā cacsysior
3SG.N δā tussor δā torior δā cacsior
1EX δā tussamae δā toremae δā cacsymae
1IN δā tussantae δā torentae δā cacsyntae
2PL δā tussascae δā torescae δā cacsyscae
3PL δā tussatior δā toretior δā cacsytior

Optative

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG tussaedonis torēdonis cacsidonis
2SG tussaedoris torēdoris cacsidoris
3SG.M tussaedomis torēdomis cacsidomis
3SG.F tussaedosis torēdosis cacsidosis
3SG.N tussaedos torēdos cacsidos
1EX tussaedomēs torēdomēs cacsidomēs
1IN tussaedontis torēdontis cacsidontis
2PL tussaedosces torēdosces cacsidosces
3PL tussaedotis torēdotis cacsidotis

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
1SG δā tussaedon δā torēdon δā cacsidon
2SG δā tussaedor δā torēdor δā cacsidor
3SG.M δā tussaedom δā torēdom δā cacsidom
3SG.F δā tussaedosi δā torēdosi δā cacsidosi
3SG.N δā tussaedo δā torēdo δā cacsido
1EX δā tussaedomē δā torēdomē δā cacsidomē
1IN δā tussaedont δā torēdont δā cacsidont
2PL δā tussaedosce δā torēdosce δā cacsidosce
3PL δā tussaedot δā torēdot δā cacsidot

Imperative

Independent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
2SG tussās! torēs! aellīs! cacsys!
1IN tussantēs! torentēs! aellintēs! cacsyntēs!
2PL tussascēs! torescēs! aelliscēs! cacsyscēs!

Dependent forms:

Person tussanis "I pray"
(a-stem)		 torenis "I bloom, flourish"
(e-stem)		 aellinis "I love"
(i-stem)		 cacsynis "I eat"
(ablaut stem)
2SG δā tussā! δā torē! δā aellī! δā cacsy!
1IN δā tussantē! δā torentē! δā aellintē! δā cacsyntē!
2PL δā tussascē! δā torescē! δā aelliscē! δā cacsyscē!

Non-finite forms

Thensarian has multiple infinitives and participles for each verb.

Infinitives

  • First infinitive: Formed with -s
  • Second infinitive: Formed with -ācos
  • Third infintiive: -bom?

Participles

Derivational morphology

  • ar-, afor- = telic
  • fer- = nominalizer
  • ēs- = co-, together
  • -ro- = passive marker
  • -t- = a causative marker

Numbers

  • 1: cēmym
  • 2: tiθōr
  • 3: narge
  • 4: δaobe
  • 5: salithe
  • 6: stāmym
  • 7: rōde
  • 8: lorede
  • 9: barve
  • 10: ħiōr
  • 11: jācēmym
  • 12: cnaesā
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