Fifth Linguifex Relay/Siyayu Ürüküs: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


The morphological alignment of ''I Kronurum'' is Nominative-Accusative and the canonical word order OSV, with nouns following their modifiers. There is an [[I Kronurum]] wiki page, but all details needed for this translation will be made available here.
{{SUBPAGENAME}} merges the object and the patient of low-volition intransitive verbs (Ø), but distinguishes the subject of a high-agency intransitive verb (S) and the agent of a transitive verb (A). Nouns follow their modifiers but precede any genitive relation. Pronominal affixes are an exception, they attach to the left. Phonetically reduced forms of pronouns and verbs must come in the second position in a sentence. Word order is relatively free with new information tending towards the front of the utterance.


There are two primary sets of pronoun morphs: the enclitics (su, qar, du, …) and the bound ones (nu, uyus, Ø). The distinctions are not equal, the enclitics distinguish singular and plural in addition to person, whereas the bound forms are the same for any number. Additionally, the third person is zero-marked in the bound form. A mild amount of suffixaufnahme is permitted.


== I Kronurum Text ==
Transfixes of vowels will be indicated in the gloss after a colon ''':''', e.g. ''qizi'' ‘happiness’ glossed as {{Gentium|happy:{{sc|nmlz.II}} }} for the vowel transfix i-i.
 
== {{SUBPAGENAME}} Text ==
<br/>
<br/>
:''{{cardo|Alanni}}''
:''{{cardo|guyudu}}'' <!-- reduplication + lenition and u-u pattern = infinitive -->




:''{{cardo|Náŕa angr nédor, nwo setr wonaftógwartan gar jóstosjet, arajur}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|Mirindi qar sume ge uyusdümür ge nuzunud}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|i-étŕirum ó þetren okrerumaftó alangur}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|uyusdimidi subu buyunu qiduzum kurum kurum}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|as ór okren nédor tró angr arajti kealeinåtrur ini,}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|eʒek subu dimiste uuds ćüggüsdüü}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|man nwo noraftó farkahirumaftó ór i-arajten nwo bréfeþrum jóhlásánur arajur}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|kurum sume ge ürgündi gayan zinisme müüzürüqüm ge nuzunud}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|man won wartaftó tróśenasig étrénu ini}}''<br/>
:''{{cardo|utusdi duzume buunuqum kurum kurum}}''<br/>




::::::::::::::::::''{{cardo|– Dogrili Gogrot}}''
::::::::::::::::::''{{cardo|– Duguril Guyurus}}''


== Interlinear Gloss ==
== Interlinear Gloss ==
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable
{|  
|-
|-
| '''''Alanni'''''
| '''''Guyudu'''''
|-
|-
| alanni
| gu~yudu
|-
|-
| a(l)-ang-nni
| {{sc|inf}}~enjoy:{{sc|inf}}
|-
|-
| INT2-to.enjoy-INF
| mirin-di || qar-Ø ||su=me || ge || uyus=dümür || ge || nu=zunud
|-
| end:{{sc|nmlz.II}}.-{{sc|loc}} || {{sc|2sg-obj}} || {{sc|<nowiki>1sg=S</nowiki>}} || this || {{sc|2.anim}}=die{{sc|:pres.II}} || this || {{sc|1.anim}}=know:{{sc|pres.I}} ||
|-
|-
|}
| uyus=dimi-di || su-bu || bu~yunu=me || Ø=qi<du>zum || kurum kurum
 
{| class="wikitable
| colspan=11 | '''''Náŕa angr nédor, nwo setr wonaftógwartan gar jóstosjet, arajur'''''
|-
|-
| Náŕa || angr || nédor || , || nwo || setr || wonaftógwartan || gar || jóstosjet || , || arajur
| {{sc|2.anim.gen}}=fire-{{sc|loc}} || {{sc|1sg-dat}}  || {{sc|inf~}}remain:{{sc|inf}}={{sc|S}} || {{sc|3p}}={{sc|<dat.appl>}}make_use || again (and) again
|-
|-
| náŕa || angr || nédor || , || nwo || setr || wonaftógwartan || gar || jó-stoj-sjet || , || ∅-ara-jur
| eʒek || su-bu || dimi-s-te || uud-s || Ø=ćü<g>güs-dü-ü
|-
|-
| although || 1S.NOM || DEM.PROX.S.NOM || || that || 2s.NOM || in.the.end || AUX || PERF-to.die-2S.FUT.IND.ACT || || CONT-to.know-1S.PRES.IND.ACT
| for_this || {{sc|1sg-dat}} || fire-{{sc|gen-A}} || wisdom-{{sc|gen}} || {{sc|3p}}=<{{sc|pfv}}>desire:{{sc|pres.II-caus-gen.appl}}
|-
|-
|}
| kurum || su=me || ge || ürgün-di || ga~yan || zini-s || =me || Ø=müüzürü-qüm || ge || nu=zunud
 
{| class="wikitable
| colspan=5 | '''''i-étŕirum ó þetren okrerumaftó alangur'''''
|-
|-
| i-étŕirum || ó || þetren || okrerumaftó || alangur
| again || {{sc|1sg}}={{sc|S}} || this || world-{{sc|loc}} || {{sc|pl}}~leaf || know:{{sc|nlmz.II-gen}} || ={{sc|S}} || {{sc|3p}}=bloom:{{sc|irr.IV-fut}} || this || {{sc|1.anim}}=know:{{sc|pres.I}}
|-
|-
| i-ét-ŕi-rum-∅ || ó || þetren || okre-rum-(a)ftó || a(l)-ang-ur
| utus-di || duzu=me || Ø=buunu-qum || kurum kurum
|-
| NLZ-to.stay-INF-DET-NOM || GEN.I || 2S-GEN.II || fire-DET-LOC || INT2-to.enjoy-1S.PRES.IND.ACT
|-
|-
| time-{{sc|loc}} || {{sc|3pl}}={{sc|s}} || {{sc|3p}}=remain:{{sc|irr.II-fut}} ||  again (and) again
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable
==Key to abbreviations==
| colspan=10 | '''''as ór okren nédor tró angr arajti kealeinåtrur ini'''''
|-
| as || ór ||okren || nédor || tró || angr || arajti || kealeinåtrur || ini
|-
| as || ó(r) || okre-(e)n || nédor || tró || angr-∅ || arajti || ke-alei-(n)å-trur || ini || ,
|-
| because || GEN.I || fire-GEN.II || DEM.PROX.S.NOM || ACC.I || 1S-ACC.II || to.know-INF || IMPERF-to.desire-CAUS-1S.PRES.IND.ACT || GNOM || ,
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable
| colspan=10| '''''man nwo noraftó farkahirumaftó ór i-arajten nwo bréfeþrum jóhlásánur arajur'''''
|-
| man || nwo || noraftó || farkahirumaftó || ór || i-arajten || nwo || bréfeþrum || jóhlásánur || arajur
|-
| man || nwo || nédor-(a)ftó || farkahir-(r)um-(a)ftó || ó(r) || i-arajti-(e)n || nwo || brefa-{´}eþ-rum-∅ || j(ó)-hlá-sánur || ∅-ara-jur
|-
| AND || that || DEM.PROX.S.LOC || world-DET-LOC || GEN.I || knowledge-GEN.II || that || leaf-PL-DET-NOM || PERF-to.bloom-3PL.INAN.FUT.IND.ACT || CONT-to.know-1S.PRES.IND.ACT
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable
| colspan=6 | '''''man won wartaftó tróśenasig étrénu ini'''''
|-
| man || won || wartaftó || tróśenasig || étrénu || ini
|-
| man || won || warta-(a)ftó || tróśenasig || étr-sénu || ini
|-
| AND || then || time-LOC || forever || to.remain-3PL.INAN.FUT.IND.ACT || GNOM
|-
|}
 
== Glossing Key ==
<br/>
<br/>
{| class="wikitable
{| class="wikitable sortable"
| 1 || First person
! abbreviation
|-
! gloss
| 2 || Second person
|-
| 3 || Third person
|-
| S, SG || Singular
|-
| PL || Plural
|-
| NOM || Nominative
|-
| ACC.I || Accusative (case governing particle)
|-
| ACC.II || Accusative (case marker)
|-
|-
| GEN.I || Genitive (case governing particle)
| {{sc|1p}} || First person
|-
|-
| GEN.II || Genitive (case marker)
| {{sc|2p}} || Second person
|-
|-
| DAT || Dative
| {{sc|3p}} || Third person
|-
|-
| LOC || Locative
| {{sc|sg}} || Singular
|-
|-
| COL || Collective noun
| {{sc|s}} || Subject of intransitive verb
|-
|-
| DET || Determiner
| {{sc|pl}} || Plural
|-
|-
| ANIM || Animate gender
| {{sc|nmlz}} || Nominalizer
|-
|-
| INAN || Inanimate gender
| {{sc|I-V}} || A certain noun or verb class (II is oft used to form abstract nouns)
|-
|-
| INDEF || Indefinite gender
| {{sc|anim}} || Animate
|-
| {{sc|irr}} || Irrealis
|-
|-
| AND || Coordinative conjunction and, &
| {{sc|fut}} || Future tense
|-
|-
| PR || Present tense
| {{sc|pres}} || Present tense
|-
|-
| PST || Part tense
| {{sc|obj}} || Object of a transitive verb or low-volition subject of intransitive verb
|-
|-
| FUT || Future tense
| {{sc|loc}} || Locative
|-
|-
| IND || Indicative mood
| {{sc|inf}} || Infinitive, a nominalized verb form with no finite inflections.
|-
|-
| ACT || Active voice
| {{sc|pfv}} || Perfective aspect
|-
|-
| PERF || Perfect aspect
| {{sc|dat}} || Dative
|-
|-
| CONT || Continuous aspect
| {{sc|dat.appl}} || A dative applicative, transforms a verb's agent into a dative, while promoting the object to S
|-
|-
| GNOM || Gnomic aspect
| {{sc|gen}} || Genitive
|-
|-
| AUX || Auxiliary verb
| {{sc|gen.appl}} || Promotes a N in the genitive to be the direct object of the verb.
|-
|-
| INT2 || Intensifier 2 (Abstract: e.g. to.wish → to.hope)
| {{sc|A}} || Agent of a transitive verb
|-
|-
| {{sc|caus}} || Causative
|}
|}
== Notes ==
*DU
*:The du-affix promotes the object to S and the agent to dative, deemphasising the agency of the original agent. Often carries a semantic benefactive tone.
*ge-headed topical clause
*:Pushes a phrase into a topic-comment structure.
*kurum kurum
*:Again and again, still, always, yet
*The markers for A and S are enclitic and will attach to a whole NP.

Latest revision as of 01:21, 28 May 2017

Introduction

Siyayu Ürüküs merges the object and the patient of low-volition intransitive verbs (Ø), but distinguishes the subject of a high-agency intransitive verb (S) and the agent of a transitive verb (A). Nouns follow their modifiers but precede any genitive relation. Pronominal affixes are an exception, they attach to the left. Phonetically reduced forms of pronouns and verbs must come in the second position in a sentence. Word order is relatively free with new information tending towards the front of the utterance.

There are two primary sets of pronoun morphs: the enclitics (su, qar, du, …) and the bound ones (nu, uyus, Ø). The distinctions are not equal, the enclitics distinguish singular and plural in addition to person, whereas the bound forms are the same for any number. Additionally, the third person is zero-marked in the bound form. A mild amount of suffixaufnahme is permitted.

Transfixes of vowels will be indicated in the gloss after a colon :, e.g. qizi ‘happiness’ glossed as happy:nmlz.II for the vowel transfix i-i.

Siyayu Ürüküs Text


guyudu


Mirindi qar sume ge uyusdümür ge nuzunud
uyusdimidi subu buyunu qiduzum kurum kurum
eʒek subu dimiste uuds ćüggüsdüü
kurum sume ge ürgündi gayan zinisme müüzürüqüm ge nuzunud
utusdi duzume buunuqum kurum kurum


– Duguril Guyurus

Interlinear Gloss


Guyudu
gu~yudu
inf~enjoy:inf
mirin-di qar-Ø su=me ge uyus=dümür ge nu=zunud
end:nmlz.II.-loc 2sg-obj 1sg=S this 2.anim=die:pres.II this 1.anim=know:pres.I
uyus=dimi-di su-bu bu~yunu=me Ø=qi<du>zum kurum kurum
2.anim.gen=fire-loc 1sg-dat inf~remain:inf=S 3p=<dat.appl>make_use again (and) again
eʒek su-bu dimi-s-te uud-s Ø=ćü<g>güs-dü-ü
for_this 1sg-dat fire-gen-A wisdom-gen 3p=<pfv>desire:pres.II-caus-gen.appl
kurum su=me ge ürgün-di ga~yan zini-s =me Ø=müüzürü-qüm ge nu=zunud
again 1sg=S this world-loc pl~leaf know:nlmz.II-gen =S 3p=bloom:irr.IV-fut this 1.anim=know:pres.I
utus-di duzu=me Ø=buunu-qum kurum kurum
time-loc 3pl=s 3p=remain:irr.II-fut again (and) again

Key to abbreviations


abbreviation gloss
1p First person
2p Second person
3p Third person
sg Singular
s Subject of intransitive verb
pl Plural
nmlz Nominalizer
I-V A certain noun or verb class (II is oft used to form abstract nouns)
anim Animate
irr Irrealis
fut Future tense
pres Present tense
obj Object of a transitive verb or low-volition subject of intransitive verb
loc Locative
inf Infinitive, a nominalized verb form with no finite inflections.
pfv Perfective aspect
dat Dative
dat.appl A dative applicative, transforms a verb's agent into a dative, while promoting the object to S
gen Genitive
gen.appl Promotes a N in the genitive to be the direct object of the verb.
A Agent of a transitive verb
caus Causative

Notes

  • DU
    The du-affix promotes the object to S and the agent to dative, deemphasising the agency of the original agent. Often carries a semantic benefactive tone.
  • ge-headed topical clause
    Pushes a phrase into a topic-comment structure.
  • kurum kurum
    Again and again, still, always, yet
  • The markers for A and S are enclitic and will attach to a whole NP.
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