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m (→Consonants) |
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! rowspan="2" | Nasal | ! rowspan="2" | Nasal | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| m̥ | | '''mh''' /m̥/ | ||
| | | | ||
| n̥ | | '''nh''' /n̥/ | ||
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| | | | ||
| ŋ̊ | | '''ngh''' /ŋ̊/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| m | | '''m''' /m/ | ||
| | | | ||
| n | | '''n''' /n/ | ||
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| | | | ||
| ŋ | | '''ng''' /ŋ/ | ||
| ŋʷ | | '''ngw''' /ŋʷ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ||
! <small>aspirated</small> | ! <small>aspirated</small> | ||
| pʰ | | '''p''' /pʰ/ | ||
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| tʰ | | '''t''' /tʰ/ | ||
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| | | | ||
| kʰ | | '''c''' /kʰ/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! <small>unaspirated</small> | ! <small>unaspirated</small> | ||
| p | | '''b''' /p/ | ||
| | | | ||
| t | | '''d''' /t/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| k | | '''g''' /k/ | ||
| kʷ | | '''gw''' /kʷ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| f | | '''ff, ph''' /f/ | ||
| θ | | '''th''' /θ/ | ||
| s | | '''s''' /s/ | ||
| ʃ | | '''si''' /ʃ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | '''ch''' /χ/ | ||
| xʷ | | '''chw''' /xʷ/ | ||
| h | | '''h''' /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| v | | '''f''' /v/ | ||
| ð | | '''dd''' /ð/ | ||
| | | | ||
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| r̥ | | '''rh''' /r̥/ | ||
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| r | | '''r''' /r/ | ||
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| l̥~ɬ | | '''ll''' /l̥~ɬ/ | ||
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| l | | '''l''' /l/ | ||
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| j | | '''i''' /j/ | ||
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| w | | '''w''' /w/ | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Unlike in Welsh, the consonants written | Unlike in Welsh, the consonants written '''mh nh ngh''' are true voiceless nasals. | ||
====Finals==== | ====Finals==== | ||
Humpback Whelsh allows these finals: -b, -d, -g, -m, -n, -ng, -l and -r. The first three are unreleased stops /-p̚ -t̚ -k̚/. | Humpback Whelsh allows these finals: -b, -d, -g, -m, -n, -ng, -l and -r. The first three are unreleased stops /-p̚ -t̚ -k̚/. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
Revision as of 21:02, 28 July 2017
Humpback Whelsh (Mór-fîl) is a tonal language with a Welsh aesthetic. It is meant to be spoken in Humpback Wales.
Phonology
Consonants
Humpback Whelsh uses these consonants:
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | mh /m̥/ | nh /n̥/ | ngh /ŋ̊/ | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ngw /ŋʷ/ | |||||
| Plosive | aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | c /kʰ/ | |||||
| unaspirated | b /p/ | d /t/ | g /k/ | gw /kʷ/ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ff, ph /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | si /ʃ/ | ch /χ/ | chw /xʷ/ | h /h/ | |
| voiced | f /v/ | dd /ð/ | |||||||
| Trill | voiceless | rh /r̥/ | |||||||
| voiced | r /r/ | ||||||||
| Approximant | voiceless | ll /l̥~ɬ/ | |||||||
| voiced | l /l/ | i /j/ | w /w/ | ||||||
Unlike in Welsh, the consonants written mh nh ngh are true voiceless nasals.
Finals
Humpback Whelsh allows these finals: -b, -d, -g, -m, -n, -ng, -l and -r. The first three are unreleased stops /-p̚ -t̚ -k̚/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
| Diphthongs | Second component | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| First component | front | central | back |
| close | ʊi | ʊɨ | ɪu, ɨu |
| mid | əi/ɛi, ɔi | əɨ/ɛɨ, ɔɨ | əu/ɛu, ɔu |
| open | ai | aɨ, ɑːɨ | au |
Tones
Humpback Whelsh has four contrastive tones: level, rising, falling and peaking.
| Tone | Example | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Level | llyr (blow) | /ɬɨr˧/ | |
| Rising | séng (place) | /seŋ˨˥/ | |
| Falling | chà (assist) | /xa˨˩/ | May be slightly creaky voiced. |
| Peaking | rhêud (pebble) | /r̥eɨt̚˦˥˩/ | |