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'''Zzean''' /ˈθiːən/ is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language in the Akya-Woms family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. It is head-final and SVO.
In [[Verse:Angai|Angai]], '''Thean''' /ˈθiːən/ is a family of analytic monosyllabic tonal languages in the [[Trans-Sarnathian languages|Trans-Sarnathian]] family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. Thean is head-initial and SVO.
== Proto-Trans-Sarnathian ==
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian was spoken 3000 years BP.


Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
''Thean'' is an exonym derived from the [[Kuam]] pronunciation of the autonym.
=== Todo ===


h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
Thean is natively written with logographs.


ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
== Phonology of Modern Standard Thean ==
=== Initials ===


* PTS ə → w
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
* PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
|-
* PTS e → i
! rowspan="2" |
* PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
! rowspan="2" | Labial
* PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
! rowspan="2" | Inter-<br>dental
* PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
! colspan="3" | Alveolar
* PTS ew → ea
! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
* PTS aw → ea
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
* PTS ow → wa
! rowspan="2" | Velar
* PTS ej → ay
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
* PTS aj → e
|-
* PTS oj → w
! |plain || sibilant ||lateral
|-
! | Stop (Tone unrestricted)
| /p/ b
| /tθ/ ddh
| /t/ d
| /ts/ dz
| /tɬ/ dl
| /ʈʂ/ dr
| /tʃ/ j
| /k/ g
| /ʔ/ ʼ
|-
!|Fricative (Only L and M class tones)
| /f/ f
| /θ/ th
|
| /s/ s
|
| /ʂ/ shr
| /ʃ/ sh
| /x/ x
| /h/ h
|-
!|Sonorant (Tone unrestricted)
| /m/ m
|
| /n/ n
|
| /l/ l
| /ɻ/ r
| (/j/ y)
| (/w/ w)
|
|}


===Phonology===
=== Nuclei ===
====Vowels====
-j-, -w- medials?
i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ­̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au


→ Early Old Zzean e ə o ʌ ɛ ɔ a iə uə ɨə i ɨ u əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au
=== Finals ===
→ Late Old Zzean e ʌ o ɐ ə ɑ æ iə uə ɨə ɪ ə ʊ i ɨ u ai aɨ au
-t -k -n -ng -dh -w -j -r /-t -k -n -ŋ -ð̠˕ -w -j -ɻ/ (null is allowed)
(Praveenize /ɛ/ → /ə/ → /ʌ/ → /ɑ/ → /æ/ → /iə/ and /u/ → /i/)
====Consonants====


=== Grammar ===
-ng is not as common as in the Sinosphere
Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns.  Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage.


=== Lexicon ===
=== Tone ===
* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
9 in nonchecked syllables, 3 in checked ones
* PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
 
* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
[[Category:Angai]]
* ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
* roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
* bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’

Latest revision as of 23:13, 19 December 2024

In Angai, Thean /ˈθiːən/ is a family of analytic monosyllabic tonal languages in the Trans-Sarnathian family, spoken in Aem-Zmaə. Thean is head-initial and SVO.

Thean is an exonym derived from the Kuam pronunciation of the autonym.

Thean is natively written with logographs.

Phonology of Modern Standard Thean

Initials

Labial Inter-
dental 		Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
plain sibilant lateral
Stop (Tone unrestricted) /p/ b /tθ/ ddh /t/ d /ts/ dz /tɬ/ dl /ʈʂ/ dr /tʃ/ j /k/ g /ʔ/ ʼ
Fricative (Only L and M class tones) /f/ f /θ/ th /s/ s /ʂ/ shr /ʃ/ sh /x/ x /h/ h
Sonorant (Tone unrestricted) /m/ m /n/ n /l/ l /ɻ/ r (/j/ y) (/w/ w)

Nuclei

-j-, -w- medials?

Finals

-t -k -n -ng -dh -w -j -r /-t -k -n -ŋ -ð̠˕ -w -j -ɻ/ (null is allowed)

-ng is not as common as in the Sinosphere

Tone

9 in nonchecked syllables, 3 in checked ones

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