Oriente: Difference between revisions

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Oriente is a language in an alternate world where the Roman Empire never split into East and West and was never fully conquered by barbarians, spoken by people in Southeastern Germania, mostly in Austro-Germania. It was formed as a ''lingua franca'' between the many Celtic towns that mixed their own tribal languages with Latin.
Oriente is a language in an alternate world where the Roman Empire never split into East and West and was never fully conquered by barbarians, spoken by people in Southeastern Germania, mostly in Austro-Germania. It was formed as a ''lingua franca'' between the many Celtic towns that mixed their own tribal languages with Latin.
== Phonology ==
== Phonology and Orthography ==
== Orthography ==
Oriente uses 24 Latin letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, and Z.
Oriente uses 24 Latin letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, and X.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Letter(s) !! IPA !! Notes
|-
| A || /a/ || between f'''a'''ther and c'''a'''t
|-
| AE || /ai̯/ || as in g'''uy''', fl'''igh'''t
|-
| AU || /au̯/ || as in c'''ow'''
|-
| B || /b/ ||
|-
| C || /k/ || as in '''c'''at
|-
| CH || /x/ || as in Scottish lo'''ch'''
|-
| D || /d/ || Example
|-
| E || /e/ || as in '''e'''gg
|-
| EI || /ei̯/ || as in pl'''ay'''
|-
| F || /f/ ||
|-
| G || /g/ || as in g'''oal'''
|-
| H || /h/ || as in '''h'''ouse
|-
| I || /i/, /ɪ/, /j/ || as in k'''ee'''p, sometimes as in h'''i'''t, as in '''y'''es at start of word
|-
| K || /k/ ||
|-
| L || /l/ ||
|-
| M || /m/ ||
|-
| N || /n/ || as in '''n'''ight
|-
| O || /o/ || as in g'''o'''
|-
| P || /p/ ||
|-
| QU || /kʷ || as in '''qu'''een
|-
| R || /r/ || as in '''r'''ock, usually untrilled
|-
| S || /s~ʃ/ || as in '''s'''ea, sometimes gliding into '''sh'''e
|-
| T || /t/, /θ/ || as in '''t'''ie, sometimes '''th'''ick in loanwords
|-
| U || /u/, /ʊ/ || as in l'''oo'''p, sometimes as in p'''u'''t
|-
| V || /v/ ||
|-
| X || /ks/ || as in bo'''x'''
|-
| Y || /i/, /ɪ/, /j/ || exact same as I, less common replacement
|-
| Z || /z/ ||
|}
 
== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
Oriente's grammar is generally considered an Eastern simplification of Latin.
Oriente's grammar is generally considered an Eastern simplification of Latin.
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Oriente has 2 genders (Common and Neuter), 4 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, and Dative), and 2 numbers (singular and plural).
Oriente has 2 genders (Common and Neuter), 4 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, and Dative), and 2 numbers (singular and plural).
==== The Common Gender ====
==== The Common Gender ====
The Common Gender is a merger and simplification of Latin's Masculine and Feminine genders.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!!! o-stem !! pl !! u-stem !! pl
!!! o-stem !! pl !! i-stem !! pl !! u-stem !! pl
|-
| Nominative || servum || servos || principium || principios || bellum || bellua
|-
| Genitive || servi || servorum || principii || principium || belli || bellurum
|-
| Accusative || servum || servos || principium || principios || bellum || bellua
|-
| Dative || servo || servis || principio || principibus || bellu || bellus
|}
===== Irregular Noun: ''tempus'' =====
These are the declensions of the o-stem neuter noun meaning "time". This also applies to the nouns ''corpus'', ''onus'', and''opus''.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!!! singular !! plural
|-
| Nom || tempus || tempos
|-
| Gen || tempori || temporum
|-
| Acc || tempus || tempos
|-
| Dat || tempo || temporis
|}
 
=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Personal Pronouns
!!! 1st sg !! 1st pl !! 2nd sg !! 2nd pl !! 3rd sg (common) !! (feminine)<ref>"Feminine" pronouns can only refer to female people, or sometimes female animals</ref> !! (neuter) !! 3rd pl !! indefinite
|-
| Nominative || iho || ni || ti || vi || is || ea || id || si || one
|-
| Genitive || mi-<ref>Genitive pronouns act as adjectives, declining for their head nouns in the same way</ref> || nostr- || tu- || vostr- || i- || i- || i- || si- || onis
|-
| Accusative || me || nos || te || vos || iem || eam || id || sios || onem
|-
| Dative || mihi || nis || tibi || vis || ii || eae || id || siis || oni
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Demonstratives
|-
!!! singular !! plural
|-
| Proximal || hoc || haec
|-
| Medial || das || dies
|-
| Distal || dos || dies
|}
 
=== Adjectives ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ Normal Adjective Declensions
!!! Common sg !! Common pl !! Neuter sg !! Neuter pl
|-
| Nominative || prime || primes || primo/um<ref>These three forms decline based on type of Neuter noun (stem)</ref> || primos
|-
| Genitive || primis || primerum || primi || primorum
|-
| Accusative || primem || primes || primo/um || primos
|-
| Dative || primi || primibus || primo/um || primis
|}
==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ Definite Article
!!! Common sg !! Common pl !! Neuter sg !! Neuter pl
|-
| Nominative || die ||dies || dio/um || dios
|-
| Genitive || deis || dierum || dei || diorum
|-
| Accusative || diem || dies || dio/um || dios
|-
| Dative || dei || deis || dio/um || deis
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ Indefinite Article
!!! Common sg !! Neuter sg !! pl
|-
| Nominative || ine || inum || ⸺
|-
| Genitive || ⸺ || ⸺ || ⸺
|-
| Accusative || inem || inum || ⸺
|-
| Dative || ini || inum || ⸺
|}
=== Verbs ===
Verbs conjugate based on tense (pluperfect, perfect, imperfect, present, future, and future perfect), voice (active and passive), person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), and number (singular and plural). 2nd person singular and 2nd person plural verbs are exactly the same. There is also an imperative aspect with only three forms.
==== Imperative Aspect ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!!! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || ⸺ || ameamus
|-
| 2nd person || ama || amate
|}
 
== Example Texts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ The Lord's Prayer
|-
! Oriente !! English
|-
| Patre Nostre, quae is in chaelo,|| Our Father, who art in heaven,
|-
| Sanctifetur nomine tue. || Hallowed be thy name.
|-
|-
| Nominative || servo || servos || bellum || bellua
| Veniat rechnum tuum, || Thy kingdom come,
|-
|-
| Genitive || servi || servorum || belli || bellurum
| Fertiat voluntat tue, || Thy will be done,
|-
|-
| Accusative || servo || servos || bellum || bellua
| Ut in caelo et quoque an terrae. || On earth as it is in heaven.
|-
|-
| Dative || servo || servis || bellum || bellis
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 22:47, 12 June 2025

Oriente is a language in an alternate world where the Roman Empire never split into East and West and was never fully conquered by barbarians, spoken by people in Southeastern Germania, mostly in Austro-Germania. It was formed as a lingua franca between the many Celtic towns that mixed their own tribal languages with Latin.

Phonology and Orthography

Oriente uses 24 Latin letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, and Z.

Letter(s) IPA Notes
A /a/ between father and cat
AE /ai̯/ as in guy, flight
AU /au̯/ as in cow
B /b/
C /k/ as in cat
CH /x/ as in Scottish loch
D /d/ Example
E /e/ as in egg
EI /ei̯/ as in play
F /f/
G /g/ as in goal
H /h/ as in house
I /i/, /ɪ/, /j/ as in keep, sometimes as in hit, as in yes at start of word
K /k/
L /l/
M /m/
N /n/ as in night
O /o/ as in go
P /p/
QU /kʷ as in queen
R /r/ as in rock, usually untrilled
S /s~ʃ/ as in sea, sometimes gliding into she
T /t/, /θ/ as in tie, sometimes thick in loanwords
U /u/, /ʊ/ as in loop, sometimes as in put
V /v/
X /ks/ as in box
Y /i/, /ɪ/, /j/ exact same as I, less common replacement
Z /z/

Grammar

Oriente's grammar is generally considered an Eastern simplification of Latin.

Nouns

Oriente has 2 genders (Common and Neuter), 4 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, and Dative), and 2 numbers (singular and plural).

The Common Gender

The Common Gender is a merger and simplification of Latin's Masculine and Feminine genders.

Decl. 1 pl Decl. 2 pl Decl. 3 pl
Nominative lupa lupae patre patres vir virs
Genitive lupae luparum patris paterum virei virum
Accusative lupem lupes patrem patres virem virs
Dative lupae lupis patri patribus viri viribus

The Neuter Gender

o-stem pl i-stem pl u-stem pl
Nominative servum servos principium principios bellum bellua
Genitive servi servorum principii principium belli bellurum
Accusative servum servos principium principios bellum bellua
Dative servo servis principio principibus bellu bellus
Irregular Noun: tempus

These are the declensions of the o-stem neuter noun meaning "time". This also applies to the nouns corpus, onus, andopus.

singular plural
Nom tempus tempos
Gen tempori temporum
Acc tempus tempos
Dat tempo temporis

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns
1st sg 1st pl 2nd sg 2nd pl 3rd sg (common) (feminine)[1] (neuter) 3rd pl indefinite
Nominative iho ni ti vi is ea id si one
Genitive mi-[2] nostr- tu- vostr- i- i- i- si- onis
Accusative me nos te vos iem eam id sios onem
Dative mihi nis tibi vis ii eae id siis oni
Demonstratives
singular plural
Proximal hoc haec
Medial das dies
Distal dos dies

Adjectives

Normal Adjective Declensions
Common sg Common pl Neuter sg Neuter pl
Nominative prime primes primo/um[3] primos
Genitive primis primerum primi primorum
Accusative primem primes primo/um primos
Dative primi primibus primo/um primis

Articles

Definite Article
Common sg Common pl Neuter sg Neuter pl
Nominative die dies dio/um dios
Genitive deis dierum dei diorum
Accusative diem dies dio/um dios
Dative dei deis dio/um deis
Indefinite Article
Common sg Neuter sg pl
Nominative ine inum ⸺
Genitive ⸺ ⸺ ⸺
Accusative inem inum ⸺
Dative ini inum ⸺

Verbs

Verbs conjugate based on tense (pluperfect, perfect, imperfect, present, future, and future perfect), voice (active and passive), person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), and number (singular and plural). 2nd person singular and 2nd person plural verbs are exactly the same. There is also an imperative aspect with only three forms.

Imperative Aspect

Singular Plural
1st person ⸺ ameamus
2nd person ama amate

Example Texts

The Lord's Prayer
Oriente English
Patre Nostre, quae is in chaelo, Our Father, who art in heaven,
Sanctifetur nomine tue. Hallowed be thy name.
Veniat rechnum tuum, Thy kingdom come,
Fertiat voluntat tue, Thy will be done,
Ut in caelo et quoque an terrae. On earth as it is in heaven.
  1. ^ "Feminine" pronouns can only refer to female people, or sometimes female animals
  2. ^ Genitive pronouns act as adjectives, declining for their head nouns in the same way
  3. ^ These three forms decline based on type of Neuter noun (stem)
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