Haoli: Difference between revisions

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|region =
|region =
|familycolor=
|familycolor=
|fam1= Proto-Haoli
|fam1= Proto-Xawlih
|fam2= Old Haoli
|fam2= Xawlih
|fam3=  
|fam3=  
|famr= 'Ináwah
|famr= 'Ináwah
|iso3=
|iso3=
|script=Haoadh Ghoath Alpha-syllabary
|script=Haoað Ghoaþ Alpha-syllabary
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan= "3"|
!colspan= "2"|
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Labiodental'''
!'''Labiodental'''
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!'''Glottal'''
!'''Glottal'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="4"|'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Normal'''
!Voiceless
!voiceless
|'''p''' /p/
|'''p''' /p/
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!voiced
!Voiced
|
|'''b''' /b/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''d''' /d/
|colspan="3"|'''d''' /d/
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|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Lengthened'''
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
!voiceless
|'''pp''' /pː/
|
|colspan="3"|'''tt''' /tː/
|
|'''kk''' /kː/
|
|-
!voiced
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''dd''' /dː/
|
|'''gg''' /gː/
|
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''' /m/
|'''m''' /m/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''n''' /n/
|colspan="3"|'''n''' /n/
|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|'''nh''' /ŋ/
|'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Normal'''
|
|
|
|
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|
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|-
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Aspirated'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Fricative'''
|
!Voiceless
|
|colspan="3"|'''rh''' /rʰ/
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="6"|'''Fricative'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Normal'''
!voiceless
|
|
|'''f''' /f/
|'''f''' /f/
|'''th''' /θ/
|'''þ''' /θ/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''ş''' /ʃ/
|'''c''' /ʃ/
|
|
|
|'''x''' /x/
|'''h''' /h/
|'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
!voiced
!Voiced
|'''mh''' /β/
|
|
|'''dh''' /ð/
|'''v''' /v/
|'''ð''' /ð/
|
|
|
|
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|
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|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Lengthened'''
!colspan="2"|'''Approximant'''
!voiceless
|
|'''ff''' /fː/
|
|'''ss''' /sː/
|
|
|
|
|-
!voiced
|
|'''vv''' /vː/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Aspirated'''
|
|'''vh''' /vʰ/
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|
|
|
|
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|-
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Fricative'''
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''lh''' /ɬ/
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
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|
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|-
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Lateral Approximant'''
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
!long
!long
|'''ii''' /iː/
|'''ii/ī''' /iː/
|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid'''
!short
!short
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /œ/
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /u/
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|-
|-
!long
!long
|'''ee''' /ɛː/ '''uu''' /œː/
|'''ee/ē''' /ɛː/ '''uu/ū''' /uː/
|'''oo''' /ɔː/
|'''oo/ō''' /ɔː/
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Open'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Open'''
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|-
|-
!long
!long
|'''aa''' /aː/
|'''aa/ā''' /aː/
|
|
|}
|}
==Phonotactics==


=Orthography=
=Orthography=
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=Morphology=
=Morphology=
==Nouns==
==Nouns==
[[Haoli/Nouns|Haoli Nouns]] decline for case, gender, and number.
===Gender===
===Gender===
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the  constituent noun.
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the  constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
===Plurals===
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.


'''Neuter Endings'''
===Pronouns===
*Words ending in i, o, th, and ş are always neuter.
*Words ending in gh, n, r, j, l, lh, v, s, g, h, f, and dh are neuter when preceded by i or o.


'''Feminine Endings'''
*Words ending in e, p, k, m, mh, and rh are always feminine.
*Words ending in gh, n, r, j, l, lh, v, s, g, h, f, and dh are feminine when preceded by e.
'''Masculine Endings'''
*Words ending in a, u, and nh are always masculine.
*Words ending in gh, n, r, j, l, lh, v, s, g, h, f, and dh are masculine when preceded by a or u.
===Plural Formation===
===Declension===
====Basic Cases====
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"|'''Class of Case'''
!colspan="7"|Pronouns
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!colspan="3"|'''Neuter'''
!colspan="3"|'''Feminine'''
!colspan="3"|'''Masculine'''
|-
!'''Singular'''!!'''Plural'''!!'''Mass Plural'''!!'''Singular'''!!'''Plural'''!!'''Mass Plural'''!!'''Singular'''!!'''Plural'''!!'''Mass Plural'''
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Grammatical'''
|Nominative
|''cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
|Accusative
|''cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
!rowspan="6"|'''Non-Grammatical'''
|Dative
|''for/because of the cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
|Malefactive
|''against/opposed to the cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
|Adverbial
!rowspan="2"| Person
|''cattily''
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
|Vocative
!colspan="3"|Singular
|''Cat (name)''
!colspan="3"|Plural
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
|Contrastive
!First Person
|''as compared to the cat''
|colspan="3"|jan
| || || || || || || || ||
|colspan="3"|bet
|-
|-
|Genitive
!Second Person
|''of cat/about cat/cat's''
|colspan="3"|si
| || || || || || || || ||
|colspan="3"|al
|-
|-
!Third Person
|veni || vene || vena || venic || venec || venac
|}
|}


====Oblique====
===Declension===
 
====Basic Cases====
* Nominative
*Accusative
*Dative
*Malefactive
*Adverbial
*Vocative
*Contrastive
*Genitive
 
====Oblique Cases====
*Translative
*Exessive
*Essive
*Instrumental
*Prolative
 
====Locative Cases====
''Internal''
*Innesive
*Hyperessive
*Illative
*Hyperlative
*Elative
*Hyper-elative
*Supraperlative
*Hyperlative
*Perlative
''Traversal''
*Lative
*Superlative
*Prosecutive
*Terminative
''Exodal''
*Ablative
*Antessive
*Delative
*Eblative
''Relational''
*Superessive
*Supraessive
*Comitative
*Pertingent
*Apudessive
*Enclosive
*Forbative
*Locative
*Bative
*Transversive
*Circumfrentive
*Situative
*Abessive
*Intrative
*Subessive
 
==Articles==


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"|'''Class of Case'''
!colspan="4"|Articles
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!colspan="3"|'''Neuter'''
!colspan="3"|'''Feminine'''
!colspan="3"|'''Masculine'''
|-
|-
!'''Singular'''
!Gender !! Article !! Singular !! Plural
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="5"|'''Oblique'''
!rowspan="2"|Neuter || Definite
|Translative
| von || vono
|''to being a cat''
|jon<b>tas</b>
|jonu<b>tas</b>
|joni<b>tas</b>
|pek<b>tas</b>
|peka<b>tas</b>
|pekea<b>tas</b>
|fur<b>tas</b>
|fuara<b>tas</b>
|fursa<b>tas</b>
|-
|-
|Exessive
!Indefinite
|''from being a cat''
| lidi ||  
|jon<b>tos</b>
|jonu<b>tos</b>
|joni<b>tos</b>
|pek<b>tos</b>
|peka<b>tos</b>
|pekea<b>tos</b>
|fur<b>tos</b>
|fuara<b>tos</b>
|fursa<b>tos</b>
|-
|-
|Essive
!rowspan="2"|Feminine || Definite
|''as being a cat/like a cat''
| ven || vene
|jon<b>ogh</b>
|jonu<b>ogh</b>
|joni<b>ogh</b>
|pek<b>ogh</b>
|peka<b>ogh</b>
|pekea<b>ogh</b>
|fur<b>ogh</b>
|fuara<b>ogh</b>
|fursa<b>ogh</b>
|-
|-
|Instrumental
!Indefinite
|''by use of the cat/with cat''
| lede ||  
|jon<b>as</b>
|jonu<b>as</b>
|joni<b>as</b>
|pek<b>as</b>
|peka<b>as</b>
|pekea<b>as</b>
|fur<b>as</b>
|fuara<b>as</b>
|fursa<b>as</b>
|-
|-
|Prolative
!rowspan="2"|Masculine || Definite
|''by way of the cat''
| vun || vunu
|jon<b>is</b>
|jonu<b>is</b>
|joni<b>is</b>
|pek<b>is</b>
|peka<b>is</b>
|pekea<b>is</b>
|fur<b>is</b>
|fuara<b>is</b>
|fursa<b>is</b>
|-
|-
!Indefinite
| lada ||
|}
|}


====Locative====
==Verbs==
[[Haoli/Verbs|Haoli Verbs]] conjugate for tense and mood.
===Negation===
Haoli uses the circumposition ''ro '''''VERB''''' an''.
 
Example:<br>
The flower is not black.<br>
'''''Ro''' eiþi '''an''' asti veti.''
 
===Tense===
*Present
*Imperfect
*Future
*Pluperfect
===Mood===
*Indicative
*Interrogative
*Subjunctive
*Conditional
*Imperative
*Jussive
*Opative
*Quotative
 
==Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions==
 
===Coordinating Conjunctions===
*''jia'' – for
*''je'' – and
*''jue'' – but
*''aja'' – or
*''bo'' - yet
*''isjo'' - so
 
Examples:<br>
He listened '''and''' pondered.<br>
''Kroai '''je''''ajatoe vena.''<br><br>


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
===Correlative===
!rowspan="2"|'''Class of Case'''
*''ajsi'' – rather than
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
*''ngo'' - as much as
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
*''laja'' – just as
!colspan="3"|'''Neuter'''
*''ghe'' - but also
!colspan="3"|'''Feminine'''
*''be'' - as
!colspan="3"|'''Masculine'''
 
|-
Examples:<br>
!'''Singular'''
He was '''as''' selfless '''as''' the prophet Arin.<br>
!'''Plural'''
''Isatro eiþae vena '''be''''ven felefþen.''<br><br>
!'''Mass Plural'''
 
!'''Singular'''
==Table of Correlatives==
!'''Plural'''
[[Haoli/Table of Correlatives|Haoli Table of Correlatives]]
!'''Mass Plural'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
|-
!rowspan="9"|'''Internal Locative'''
|Inessive
|''inside the cat''
|jon<b>ul</b>
|jonu<b>ul</b>
|joni<b>ul</b>
|pek<b>ul</b>
|peka<b>ul</b>
|pekea<b>ul</b>
|fur<b>ul</b>
|fuar<b>ul</b>
|fursa<b>ul</b>
|-
|Hyperessive
|''deep inside the cat''
|jon<b>ullu</b>
|jonu<b>ullu</b>
|joni<b>ullu</b>
|pek<b>ullu</b>
|peka<b>ullu</b>
|pekea<b>ullu</b>
|fur<b>ullu</b>
|fuar<b>ullu</b>
|fursa<b>ullu</b>
|-
|Illative
|''into the cat''
|jon<b>il</b>
|jonu<b>il</b>
|joni<b>il</b>
|pek<b>il</b>
|peka<b>il</b>
|pekea<b>il</b>
|fur<b>il</b>
|fuar<b>il</b>
|fursa<b>il</b>
|-
|Hyperlative
|''deep into the cat''
|jon<b>illi</b>
|jonu<b>illi</b>
|joni<b>illi</b>
|pek<b>illi</b>
|peka<b>illi</b>
|pekea<b>illi</b>
|fur<b>illi</b>
|fuar<b>illi</b>
|fursa<b>illi</b>
|-
|Elative
|''from inside the cat''
|jon<b>an</b>
|jonu<b>an</b>
|joni<b>an</b>
|pek<b>an</b>
|peka<b>an</b>
|pekea<b>an</b>
|fur<b>an</b>
|fuar<b>an</b>
|fursa<b>an</b>
|-
|Hyper-elative
|''from deep inside the cat''
|jon<b>anna</b>
|jonu<b>anna</b>
|joni<b>anna</b>
|pek<b>anna</b>
|peka<b>anna</b>
|pekea<b>anna</b>
|fur<b>anna</b>
|fuar<b>anna</b>
|fursa<b>anna</b>
|-
|Supraperlative
|''throughout the cat''
|jon<b>ap</b>
|jonu<b>ap</b>
|joni<b>ap</b>
|pek<b>ap</b>
|peka<b>ap</b>
|pekea<b>ap</b>
|fur<b>ap</b>
|fuar<b>ap</b>
|fursa<b>ap</b>
|-
|Hyperlative
|''all throughout the cat''
|jon<b>appa</b>
|jonu<b>appa</b>
|joni<b>appa</b>
|pek<b>appa</b>
|peka<b>appa</b>
|pekea<b>appa</b>
|fur<b>appa</b>
|fuar<b>appa</b>
|fursa<b>appa</b>
|-
|Perlative
|''through the cat''
|jon<b>op</b>
|jonu<b>op</b>
|joni<b>op</b>
|pek<b>op</b>
|peka<b>op</b>
|pekea<b>op</b>
|fur<b>op</b>
|fuar<b>op</b>
|fursa<b>op</b>
|-
!rowspan="4"|'''Traversal Locative'''
|Lative
|''towards the cat, catbound''
|jon<b>eska</b>
|jonu<b>eska</b>
|joni<b>eska</b>
|pek<b>eska</b>
|peka<b>eska</b>
|pekea<b>eska</b>
|fur<b>eska</b>
|fuar<b>eska</b>
|fursa<b>eska</b>
|-
|Superlative
|''onto the cat''
|jon<b>iska</b>
|jonu<b>iska</b>
|joni<b>iska</b>
|pek<b>iska</b>
|peka<b>iska</b>
|pekea<b>iska</b>
|fur<b>iska</b>
|fuar<b>iska</b>
|fursa<b>iska</b>
|-
|Prosecutive
|''along the cat''
|jon<b>uska</b>
|jonu<b>uska</b>
|joni<b>uska</b>
|pek<b>uska</b>
|peka<b>uska</b>
|pekea<b>uska</b>
|fur<b>uska</b>
|fuar<b>uska</b>
|fursa<b>uska</b>
|-
|Terminative
|''until the cat (is reached)''
|jon<b>aska</b>
|jonu<b>aska</b>
|joni<b>aska</b>
|pek<b>aska</b>
|peka<b>aska</b>
|pekea<b>aska</b>
|fur<b>aska</b>
|fuar<b>aska</b>
|fursa<b>aska</b>
|-
!rowspan="4"|'''Exodal Locative'''
|Ablative
|''away from the cat''
|jon<b>ene</b>
|jonu<b>ene</b>
|joni<b>ene</b>
|pek<b>ene</b>
|peka<b>ene</b>
|pekea<b>ene</b>
|fur<b>ene</b>
|fuar<b>ene</b>
|fursa<b>ene</b>
|-
|Antessive
|''far from the cat''
|jon<b>ini</b>
|jonu<b>ini</b>
|joni<b>ini</b>
|pek<b>ini</b>
|peka<b>ini</b>
|pekea<b>ini</b>
|fur<b>ini</b>
|fuar<b>ini</b>
|fursa<b>ini</b>
|-
|Delative
|''off/down from the cat''
|jon<b>unu</b>
|jonu<b>unu</b>
|joni<b>unu</b>
|pek<b>unu</b>
|peka<b>unu</b>
|pekea<b>unu</b>
|fur<b>unu</b>
|fuar<b>unu</b>
|fursa<b>unu</b>
|-
|Eblative
|''(sourced) from the cat''
|jon<b>ana</b>
|jonu<b>ana</b>
|joni<b>ana</b>
|pek<b>ana</b>
|peka<b>ana</b>
|pekea<b>ana</b>
|fur<b>ana</b>
|fuar<b>ana</b>
|fursa<b>ana</b>
|-
!rowspan="15"|'''Relational Locative'''
|Superessive
|''on (top of) the cat''
|jon<b>fet</b>
|jonu<b>fet</b>
|joni<b>fet</b>
|pek<b>fet</b>
|peka<b>fet</b>
|pekea<b>fet</b>
|fur<b>fet</b>
|fuar<b>fet</b>
|fursa<b>fet</b>
|-
|Supraessive
|''above/over the cat''
|jon<b>fit</b>
|jonu<b>fit</b>
|joni<b>fit</b>
|pek<b>fit</b>
|peka<b>fit</b>
|pekea<b>fit</b>
|fur<b>fit</b>
|fuar<b>fit</b>
|fursa<b>fit</b>
|-
|Comitative
|''(together) with the cat''
|jon<b>jun</b>
|jonu<b>jun</b>
|joni<b>jun</b>
|pek<b>jun</b>
|peka<b>jun</b>
|pekea<b>jun</b>
|fur<b>jun</b>
|fuar<b>jun</b>
|fursa<b>jun</b>
|-
|Pertingent
|''touching/adjacent to the cat''
|jo<b>ssu</b>n
|jo<b>ssu</b>nu
|jo<b>ssu</b>nia
|pe<b>ssu</b>k
|pe<b>ssu</b>ka
|pe<b>ssu</b>kea
|fu<b>ssu</b>r
|fua<b>ssu</b>r
|fu<b>ssu</b>rsa
|-
|Apudessive
|''next to/beside the cat''
|jo<b>su</b>n
|jo<b>su</b>nu
|jo<b>su</b>nia
|pe<b>su</b>k
|pe<b>su</b>ka
|pe<b>su</b>kea
|fu<b>su</b>r
|fua<b>su</b>r
|fu<b>su</b>rsa
|-
|Enclosive
|''on either side of the cat''
|jon<b>dhe</b>
|jonu<b>dhe</b>
|joni<b>dhe</b>
|pek<b>dhe</b>
|peka<b>dhe</b>
|pekea<b>dhe</b>
|fur<b>dhe</b>
|fuar<b>dhe</b>
|fursa<b>dhe</b>
|-
|Forbative
|''in front of the cat''
|jon<b>hos</b>
|jonu<b>hos</b>
|joni<b>hos</b>
|pek<b>hos</b>
|peka<b>hos</b>
|pekea<b>hos</b>
|fur<b>hos</b>
|fuar<b>hos</b>
|fursa<b>hos</b>
|-
|Locative
|''nearby/not far from the cat''
|jon<b>ti</b>
|jonu<b>ti</b>
|joni<b>ti</b>
|pek<b>ti</b>
|peka<b>ti</b>
|pekea<b>ti</b>
|fur<b>ti</b>
|fuar<b>ti</b>
|fursa<b>ti</b>
|-
|Bative
|''behind the cat''
|jon<b>ji</b>
|jonu<b>ji</b>
|joni<b>ji</b>
|pek<b>ji</b>
|peka<b>ji</b>
|pekea<b>ji</b>
|fur<b>ji</b>
|fuar<b>ji</b>
|fursa<b>ji</b>
|-
|Transversive
|''beyond the cat''
|jon<b>imh</b>
|jonu<b>imh</b>
|joni<b>imh</b>
|pek<b>imh</b>
|peka<b>imh</b>
|pekea<b>imh</b>
|fur<b>imh</b>
|fuar<b>imh</b>
|fursa<b>imh</b>
|-
|Circumfrentive
|''surrounded by cat''
|jo<b>tu</b>n
|jo<b>tu</b>nu
|jo<b>tu</b>nia
|pe<b>tu</b>k
|pe<b>tu</b>ka
|pe<b>tu</b>kea
|fu<b>tu</b>r
|fua<b>tu</b>r
|fu<b>tu</b>rsa
|-
|Situative
|''wrapped in cat''
|jo<b>ttu</b>n
|jo<b>ttu</b>nu
|jo<b>ttu</b>nia
|pe<b>ttu</b>k
|pe<b>ttu</b>ka
|pe<b>ttu</b>kea
|fu<b>ttu</b>r
|fua<b>ttu</b>r
|fu<b>ttu</b>rsa
|-
|Abessive
|''without the cat''
|jon<b>hil</b>
|jonu<b>hil</b>
|joni<b>hil</b>
|pek<b>hil</b>
|peka<b>hil</b>
|pekea<b>hil</b>
|fur<b>hil</b>
|fuar<b>hil</b>
|fursa<b>hil</b>
|-
|Intrative
|''between the cat''
|jon<b>eş</b>
|jonu<b>eş</b>
|joni<b>eş</b>
|pek<b>eş</b>
|peka<b>eş</b>
|pekea<b>eş</b>
|fur<b>eş</b>
|fuar<b>eş</b>
|fursa<b>eş</b>
|-
|Subessive
|''under the cat''
|jon<b>af</b>
|jonu<b>af</b>
|joni<b>af</b>
|pek<b>af</b>
|peka<b>af</b>
|pekea<b>af</b>
|fur<b>af</b>
|fuar<b>af</b>
|fursa<b>af</b>
|}


====Temporal====
=Syntax=
==Word Order (Taturuc)==


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"|'''Class of Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!colspan="3"|'''Neuter'''
!colspan="3"|'''Feminine'''
!colspan="3"|'''Masculine'''
|-
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
|-
!rowspan="5"|'''Temporal'''
|Temporal
|''at the time of the cat''
|jo<b>hi</b>n
|jo<b>hi</b>nu
|jo<b>hi</b>nia
|pe<b>hi</b>k
|pe<b>hi</b>ka
|pe<b>hi</b>kea
|fu<b>hi</b>r
|fua<b>hi</b>ra
|fu<b>hi</b>rsa
|-
|Temporal-Lative
|''since the time of the cat''
|jo<b>le</b>n
|jo<b>le</b>nu
|jo<b>le</b>nia
|pe<b>le</b>k
|pe<b>le</b>ka
|pe<b>le</b>kea
|fu<b>le</b>r
|fua<b>le</b>ra
|fu<b>le</b>rsa
|-
|Temporal-Hyper-Transversive
|''long after the time of the cat''
|jo<b>llo</b>n
|jo<b>llo</b>nu
|jo<b>llo</b>nia
|pe<b>llo</b>k
|pe<b>llo</b>ka
|pe<b>llo</b>kea
|fu<b>llo</b>r
|fua<b>llo</b>ra
|fu<b>llo</b>rsa
|-
|Temporal-Terminative
|''up until the time of the cat''
|jo<b>go</b>n
|jo<b>go</b>nu
|jo<b>go</b>nia
|pe<b>go</b>k
|pe<b>go</b>ka
|pe<b>go</b>kea
|fu<b>go</b>r
|fua<b>go</b>ra
|fu<b>go</b>rsa
|-
|Temporal-Hyperbative
|''long before the time of the cat''
|jo<b>ggo</b>n
|jo<b>ggo</b>nu
|jo<b>ggo</b>nia
|pe<b>ggo</b>k
|pe<b>ggo</b>ka
|pe<b>ggo</b>kea
|fu<b>ggo</b>r
|fua<b>ggo</b>ra
|fu<b>ggo</b>rsa
|}


==Verbs==
===Modifier Order===
===Conjugation===
====EG Verbs====


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
! colspan="3" |'''The Basic Forms'''
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
!'''Tatur'''
| -e
!'''English Translation'''
| -ae
!'''Word Order'''
| -ee
| -eu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
|Vun Pituð Tatur
| -emen
|The Elegant Form
| -aemen
|Preceding Modifier
| -eeme
| -eume
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
|Vun Rasuð Tatur
| -elhet
|The Common Form
| -aelhe
|Proceeding Modifier
| -eelhe
| -eulhe
|-
!'''Conditional'''
| -er
| -aer
| -eer
| -eur
|-
!'''Imperative'''
| -esse
| -aesse
| -eesse
| -eusse
|-
!'''Jussive'''
| -jeth
| -jaeth
| -jeeth
| -jeuth
|-
!'''Optative'''
| -peje
| -paeje
| -peeje
| -peuje
|-
!'''Quotative'''
| -kev
| -kaev
| -keev
| -keuv
|}
|}


====IG Verbs====
===Sentence Order===
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!'''Tatur'''
!'''Present'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Word Order'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|Vun Isatuð Tatur
| -i
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
| -ai
|S-V-O
| -ii
| -iu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
|Vun Roisatuð Tatur
| -imin
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form
| -aimin
|O-V-S
| -iimin
| -iumin
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
| -ilhit
| -ailhi
| -iilhi
| -iulhi
|-
!'''Conditional'''
| -ir
| -air
| -iir
| -iur
|-
!'''Imperative'''
| -issi
| -aissi
| -iissi
| -iussi
|-
!'''Jussive'''
| -jith
| -jaith
| -jiith
| -jiuth
|-
!'''Optative'''
| -piji
| -paiji
| -piiji
| -piuji
|-
!'''Quotative'''
| -kiv
| -kaiv
| -kiiv
| -kiuv
|}
|}


====GE Verbs====
=Numbers=
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers)
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
!colspan="3"|[0-20]
| -a
!colspan="3"|[20-40]
| -oe
!colspan="3"|20's [20-400]
| -aa
| -au
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
| -amen
| -oeme
| -aame
| -aume
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
|0 || 0 || mi || 20 || 10 || uv    || 0 || 0 || mi
| -alhet
| -oelhe
| -aalhe
| -aulhe
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|1 || 1 || edu  || 21 || 11 || uvedu || 20 || 10 || uv
| -ar
| -oer
| -aar
| -aur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|2 || 2 || ket  ||22 || 12 || uvket  || 40 || 20 || ketuv
| -asse
| -oesse
| -aasse
| -ausse
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
|3 || 3 || har  ||23 || 13 || uvhar  || 60 || 30 || haruv
| -jath
| -joeth
| -jaath
| -jauth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
|4 || 4 || neg  ||24 || 14 || uvneg  || 80 || 40 || neguv
| -paje
| -poeje
| -paaje
| -pauje
|-
|-
!'''Quotative'''
|5 || 5 || ote  ||25 || 15 || uvote  || 100 || 50 || oteuv
| -kav
| -koev
| -kaav
| -kauv
|}
 
====Irregular Verb: "el"====
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|6 || 6 || vat  ||26 || 16 || uvvat  || 120 || 60 || vatuv
|ele
|elae
|elee
|eleu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
|7 || 7 || jet  ||27 || 17 || uvjet  || 140 || 70 || jetuv
|elem
|elaem
|eleem
|eleum
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
|8 || 8 || njol  ||28 || 18 || uvnjol || 160 || 80 || njoluv
|elelh
|elaelh
|eleelh
|eleulh
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|9 || 9 || reso  ||29 || 19 || uvreso || 180 || 90 || resouv
|eler
|elaer
|eleer
|eleur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|10 || A || poi  ||30 || 1A || uvpoi  || 200 || A0 || poiuv
|eless
|elaess
|eleess
|eleuss
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
|11 || B || ofu  ||31 || 1B || uvofu  || 220 || B0 || ofuuv
|eljeth
|eljaeth
|eljeeth
|eljeuth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
|12 || C || ver  ||32 || 1C || uvver  || 240 || C0 || veruv
|elpej
|elpaej
|elpeej
|elpeuj
|-
|-
!'''Quotative'''
|13 || D || los  ||33 || 1D || uvlos  || 260 || D0 || losuv
|elkev
|elkaev
|elkeev
|elkeuv
|}
 
=Syntax=
==Word Order Tatuara==
===Sentence Order===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|-
|Van Hauladh Tatur
|14 || E || is  ||34 || 1E || uvis  || 280 || E0 || isuv
|The Symmetric Form
|V-O-S-CONJ-S-O-V
|-
|-
|Van Isatadh Tatur
|15 || F || ox  ||35 || 1F || uvox  || 300 || F0 || oxuv
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
|S-V-O
|-
|-
|Van Roisatadh Tatur
|16 || G || cic  ||36 || 1G || uvcic  || 320 || G0 || cicuv
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polit Form
|O-V-S
|-
|-
|Van Aramaadh Tatur
|17 || H || tal  ||37 || 1H || uvtal  || 340 || H0 || taluv
|The Lovely/Romantic Form
|V-O-S
|-
|-
|Van Usonadh Tatur
|18 || J || af  ||38 || 1J || uvaf  || 360 || J0 || afuv
|The Structured/School/Instructive Form
|V-S-O
|}
 
===Modifier Order===
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! colspan="3" |'''The Basic Forms'''
|-
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|-
|Van Pitadh Tatur
|19 || K || bona ||39 || 1K || uvbona || 380 || K0 || bonauv
|The Elegant Form
|Preceding Modifier
|-
|-
|Van Rasadh Tatur
|20 || 10 || uv  ||40 || 20 || ketuv  || 400 || 100 || sin
|The Common Form
|Proceeding Modifier
|}
|}


'''The Complex Forms'''
'''''Van Jamadh Muutaadh Tatur'''''<br>
''Simple Alternating Form''<br>
(V-Adv) (Adj-N) (N-Adj)<br>
*Can start with either Elegant or Common Form
*Modifying constituents always follow Elegant or Common Form exclusively
'''''Van Aramaadh Muutaadh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Romantic Alternating Form''<br>
(V-Adv) (Adj-S) (O-Adj)<br>
*Always begins with Common Form
*Modifying constituents follow their main constituent’s Form
'''''Van Tistaadh Muutaadh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Pure Alternating Form''<br>
This form can start with either form and proceeding constituent always alternates form.<br>
'''''Van Jamadh Muutaadh Hauladh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Simple Alternating Symmetric Form''<br>
The first half sets the order for both halves.<br>
'''''Van Tistaadh Hauladh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Pure Symmetric Form''<br>
The first half's order is the opposite of second half.<br>
'''''Van Rotaturadh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Unordered Form''<br>
This form has no set order.<br>
===Vaun Runadh Tatuara je'Usonu===
''The Poetic/Artistic/Passionate Forms and Structures''


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="3"|'''Vaun Uniadh Tatuara'''<br>''The Rhyme/Repetetive/Metered Forms''
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20]
|-
|-
|Van Jamadh Tatur
! Power !! Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
|The Simple Form
|AABB
|-
|-
|Van Hauladh Tatur
| 20<sup>0</sup> || 1 || 1 || edu
|The Symmetric Form
|ABBA
|-
|-
|Van Muutadh Tatur
| 20<sup>1</sup> || 20 || 10 || uv
|The Alternating Form
|ABAB
|-
|-
|Van Rohauladh Tautur
| 20<sup>2</sup> || 400 || 100 || sin
|The Assymetric Forms
|ABCB, ABBB, ABBC, ABAC, ABCD, ...
|}
<br>
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="3"|'''Voan Runadh Usonu'''<br>''The Poetic Structures''
|-
|-
!'''Haoli Term'''
| 20<sup>3</sup> || 8,000 || 1,000 || biax
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Forms Used in Structure'''
|-
|-
|Von Pitadh je’Rasadh Uson
| 20<sup>4</sup> || 160,000 || 10,000 || nova
|The Modifier Structure
|Pitadh, Rasadh
|-
|-
|Von Iatadh je’Roiatadh Uson
| 20<sup>5</sup> || 3,200,000 || 100,000 || jova
|The Register/Tone/Politeness Structure
|Iatadh, Roiatadh
|-
|-
|Von Muutaadh je’Hauladh Uson
| 20<sup>6</sup> || 64,000,000 || 1,000,000 || sova
|The Symmetry and Alternation Structure
|Muutaadh, Hauladh
|}
|}


=Sample Texts=
=Sample Texts=


==Voan Dhuleadh Ghotha==
=Lexicon=
''The Submission Scriptures''
<br><br>
Voan Dhuleadh Ghotha are the sacred holy scriptures of the Haonai believed to be the verbatim words of their divine creator, Adhhi, given to their prophets over time via supernatural messengers known as Vean Idefthena.
 
'''''Text'''''<br>
Elmunthenadh kasia eithi ADHHI: Farar jue’lipir an: Ven Sarlejthenere je’Von Muutasikroere je’Ven Kokere je’Ven Kokkukere je’Von Resroere je’Ven Pitrhetere je’Von Kujsikroere je’Von Elmunroere je’Von Firinere eithi ian:
 
Van elmunul kujge van arinhoaere eithi eduka nagfuge je’risese eduere eless: Kasia van arinhoaese kasake eith eless ADHHI: Van arinhoaese eith eless eithi dhule je’eithi firin je’eithi eith ADHHI-adh lathul je’eithi harge firinadh sarere: ADHHI-ere eduka dhuleesse jia’Von Resroere eithi ian: Ianroere dhuleeg  nho’taturhias ADHHI-ere dhulee eithi eith arinhoaroul:  Dhuleroul eduese ro lathi an ADHHI: Arinhoaroere dhuleroi arinhoa isjo’dhualerothenere dhuleroi ADHHI: Ianadh elmunul ADHHI-ere ro nagfuamen an kasi:


'''''Translation'''''<br>
[[Haoli/Lexicon|Haoli Lexicon]]
ADHHI is your creator. Quake, but do not fear due to untrust. We are The Giver of Refuge, The Unchanging, The Always, The Everywhere, The Undivided, The Longlasting, The Unformable, The Uncreated, The Truth.


To create in the creation is only to see the light and, by it, be moved. ADHHI commands you to be moved by the light. To be moved by the light is dhule and is truth and is to be in the presesnce of ADHHI and is to have real refuge. Submit only to ADHHI for We are The Undivided. To submit to other than We, with the same form as you submit to ADHHI, is to be in the darkness. For one in rejection, ADHHI is not present. light rejects darkness, so ADHHI rejects rejectors. You see not ADHHI in Our creation?
{{pri}}[[Category: Haoli]][[Category: Nominative-accusative languages]]

Latest revision as of 19:19, 9 February 2021

Haoli
Haoli
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|ha.ɔ.li]]
Created byiancgil
Proto-Xawlih
  • Xawlih
    • Haoli
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Introduction

Haoli is the language spoken by the Haonai.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive Voiceless p /p/ t /t/ k /k/
Voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ nj /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Trill r /r/
Fricative Voiceless f /f/ þ /θ/ s /s/ c /ʃ/ x /x/ h /h/
Voiced v /v/ ð /ð/ gh /ɣ/
Approximant j /j/
Lateral Approximant l /l/

Vowels

Front Back
Close short i /i/
long ii/ī /iː/
Open-Mid short e /ɛ/ u /u/ o /ɔ/
long ee/ē /ɛː/ uu/ū /uː/ oo/ō /ɔː/
Open short a /a/
long aa/ā /aː/

Phonotactics

Orthography

Native Orthography

Morphology

Nouns

Haoli Nouns decline for case, gender, and number.

Gender

Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.

Plurals

Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.

Pronouns

Pronouns
Person
Singular Plural
First Person jan bet
Second Person si al
Third Person veni vene vena venic venec venac

Declension

Basic Cases

  • Nominative
  • Accusative
  • Dative
  • Malefactive
  • Adverbial
  • Vocative
  • Contrastive
  • Genitive

Oblique Cases

  • Translative
  • Exessive
  • Essive
  • Instrumental
  • Prolative

Locative Cases

Internal

  • Innesive
  • Hyperessive
  • Illative
  • Hyperlative
  • Elative
  • Hyper-elative
  • Supraperlative
  • Hyperlative
  • Perlative

Traversal

  • Lative
  • Superlative
  • Prosecutive
  • Terminative

Exodal

  • Ablative
  • Antessive
  • Delative
  • Eblative

Relational

  • Superessive
  • Supraessive
  • Comitative
  • Pertingent
  • Apudessive
  • Enclosive
  • Forbative
  • Locative
  • Bative
  • Transversive
  • Circumfrentive
  • Situative
  • Abessive
  • Intrative
  • Subessive

Articles

Articles
Gender Article Singular Plural
Neuter Definite von vono
Indefinite lidi
Feminine Definite ven vene
Indefinite lede
Masculine Definite vun vunu
Indefinite lada

Verbs

Haoli Verbs conjugate for tense and mood.

Negation

Haoli uses the circumposition ro VERB an.

Example:
The flower is not black.
Ro eiþi an asti veti.

Tense

  • Present
  • Imperfect
  • Future
  • Pluperfect

Mood

  • Indicative
  • Interrogative
  • Subjunctive
  • Conditional
  • Imperative
  • Jussive
  • Opative
  • Quotative

Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

  • jia – for
  • je – and
  • jue – but
  • aja – or
  • bo - yet
  • isjo - so

Examples:
He listened and pondered.
Kroai je'ajatoe vena.

Correlative

  • ajsi – rather than
  • ngo - as much as
  • laja – just as
  • ghe - but also
  • be - as

Examples:
He was as selfless as the prophet Arin.
Isatro eiþae vena be'ven felefþen.

Table of Correlatives

Haoli Table of Correlatives

Syntax

Word Order (Taturuc)

Modifier Order

The Basic Forms
Tatur English Translation Word Order
Vun Pituð Tatur The Elegant Form Preceding Modifier
Vun Rasuð Tatur The Common Form Proceeding Modifier

Sentence Order

Tatur English Translation Word Order
Vun Isatuð Tatur The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form S-V-O
Vun Roisatuð Tatur The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form O-V-S

Numbers

Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers)
[0-20] [20-40] 20's [20-400]
Decimal Vigesimal Haoli Decimal Vigesimal Haoli Decimal Vigesimal Haoli
0 0 mi 20 10 uv 0 0 mi
1 1 edu 21 11 uvedu 20 10 uv
2 2 ket 22 12 uvket 40 20 ketuv
3 3 har 23 13 uvhar 60 30 haruv
4 4 neg 24 14 uvneg 80 40 neguv
5 5 ote 25 15 uvote 100 50 oteuv
6 6 vat 26 16 uvvat 120 60 vatuv
7 7 jet 27 17 uvjet 140 70 jetuv
8 8 njol 28 18 uvnjol 160 80 njoluv
9 9 reso 29 19 uvreso 180 90 resouv
10 A poi 30 1A uvpoi 200 A0 poiuv
11 B ofu 31 1B uvofu 220 B0 ofuuv
12 C ver 32 1C uvver 240 C0 veruv
13 D los 33 1D uvlos 260 D0 losuv
14 E is 34 1E uvis 280 E0 isuv
15 F ox 35 1F uvox 300 F0 oxuv
16 G cic 36 1G uvcic 320 G0 cicuv
17 H tal 37 1H uvtal 340 H0 taluv
18 J af 38 1J uvaf 360 J0 afuv
19 K bona 39 1K uvbona 380 K0 bonauv
20 10 uv 40 20 ketuv 400 100 sin


Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20]
Power Decimal Vigesimal Haoli
200 1 1 edu
201 20 10 uv
202 400 100 sin
203 8,000 1,000 biax
204 160,000 10,000 nova
205 3,200,000 100,000 jova
206 64,000,000 1,000,000 sova

Sample Texts

Lexicon

Haoli Lexicon

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