Kwenya Greek: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
|''γλωσσαν''<br/>''hlusan''||''γλωσσαρ''<br/>''hlusar''
|''γλωσσαν''<br/>''hlusan''||''γλωσσας''<br/>''hlusar''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
|''γλωσσαρ''<br/>''hlusar'' ||''γλωσσων''<br/>''hlusun''
|''γλωσσας''<br/>''hlusar'' ||''γλωσσων''<br/>''hlusun''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
|''γλωσσανειρ''<br/>''hlusanir'' ||''γλωσσαρειρ''<br/>''hlusarir''
|''γλωσσανεις''<br/>''hlusanir'' ||''γλωσσαςεις''<br/>''hlusarir''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''γλωσσανειν''<br/>''hlusanin'' ||''γλωσσαρειν''<br/>''hlusarin''
|''γλωσσανειν''<br/>''hlusanin'' ||''γλωσσαςειν''<br/>''hlusarin''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
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{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''οικορ'' 'house'
|+ ''οικος'' 'house'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
|''οικορ''<br/>''wekor''||''οικοι''<br/>''wekwe''
|''οικος''<br/>''wekor''||''οικοι''<br/>''wekwe''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
|''οικον''<br/>''wekon''||''οικουρ''<br/>''wekũr''
|''οικον''<br/>''wekon''||''οικους''<br/>''wekũr''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
|''οικονειρ''<br/>''wekonir'' ||''οικουρειρ''<br/>''wekũrir''
|''οικονεις''<br/>''wekonir'' ||''οικουςεις''<br/>''wekũrir''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''οικονειν''<br/>''wekonin'' ||''οικουρειν''<br/>''wekũrin''
|''οικονειν''<br/>''wekonin'' ||''οικουςειν''<br/>''wekũrin''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
|''δωρονειρ''<br/>''duronir'' ||''δωραρειρ''<br/>''durarir''
|''δωρονεις''<br/>''duronir'' ||''δωραεις''<br/>''durair''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''δωρονειν'' ||''δωραρειν''
|''δωρονειν'' ||''δωραειν''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
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{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''πολιρ'' 'city'
|+ ''πολις'' 'city'
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
|''πολιρ''||''πολερ''
|''πολις''||''πολες''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
|''πολιν''||''πολερ''
|''πολιν''||''πολες''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
|''πολιωρ'' ||''πολιων''
|''πολιως'' ||''πολιων''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
|''πολινειρ'' ||''πολερειρ''
|''πολινεις'' ||''πολεςεις''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
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|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''πολινειν'' ||''πολερειν''
|''πολινειν'' ||''πολεςειν''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
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{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''καλορ'' 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense
|+ ''καλος'' 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''καλορ''<br/>''kalor''||''καλοι''<br/>''kalwe''
|''καλος''<br/>''kalor''||''καλοι''<br/>''kale''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''καλορ'' 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense
|+ ''καλος'' 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''καλορων''<br/>''kalorun''||''καλοντερ''<br/>''kalontër''
|''καλορων''<br/>''kalorun''||''καλοντες''<br/>''kalontër''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
|''καληρα''<br/>''kalyara''||''καλαιραι''<br/>''kalere''
|''καληρα''<br/>''kalyara''||''καλαιςαι''<br/>''kalere''
|-
|-
!|inanimate
!|inanimate
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''καλορ'' 'good' (1st decl.); imperative
|+ ''καλος'' 'good' (1st decl.); imperative
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
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{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''ευγενηρ'' 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.)
|+ ''ευγενης'' 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.)
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''ευγενηρ''<br/>''yuhënyar''||''ευγενειρ''<br/>''yuhënir''
|''ευγενης''<br/>''yuhënyar''||''ευγενεις''<br/>''yuhënir''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
|''ευγενηρ''<br/>''yuhënyar''||''ευγενειρ''<br/>''yuhënir''
|''ευγενης''<br/>''yuhënyar''||''ευγενεις''<br/>''yuhënir''
|-
|-
!|inanimate
!|inanimate
|''ευγενερ''<br/>''yuhënër''||''ευγενη''<br/>''yuhënya''
|''ευγενες''<br/>''yuhënër''||''ευγενη''<br/>''yuhënya''
|-
|-
!|attributive
!|attributive
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''ευγενηρ'' 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); past tense
|+ ''ευγενης'' 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); past tense
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''ευγενηρων''<br/>''yuhënyarun''||''ευγενειντερ''<br/>''yuhënintër''
|''ευγενηρων''<br/>''yuhënyarun''||''ευγενειντες''<br/>''yuhënintër''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
|''ευγενηρα''<br/>''yuhënyara''||''ευγενειραι''<br/>''yuhënire''
|''ευγενηςα''<br/>''yuhënyara''||''ευγενειςαι''<br/>''yuhënire''
|-
|-
!|inanimate
!|inanimate
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''ευγενηρ'' 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative
|+ ''ευγενης'' 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
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|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''φαγων''<br/>''phahun''||''φαγοντερ''<br/>''phahontër''
|''φαγων''<br/>''phahun''||''φαγοντες''<br/>''phahontër''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
|''φαγουρα''<br/>''phahũra''||''φαγουραι''<br/>''phahũre''
|''φαγουςα''<br/>''phahũra''||''φαγουραι''<br/>''phahũre''
|-
|-
!|inanimate
!|inanimate
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|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''φαγαρ''<br/>''phahar''||''φαγαντερ''<br/>''phahantër''
|''φαγας''<br/>''phahar''||''φαγαντες''<br/>''phahantër''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
|''φαγαρα''<br/>''phahara''||''φαγαραι''<br/>''phahare''
|''φαγαςα''<br/>''phahara''||''φαγαραι''<br/>''phahare''
|-
|-
!|inanimate
!|inanimate
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|-
|-
!|attributive
!|attributive
|colspan="2"|''φαγαρ''<br/>''phahar''
|colspan="2"|''φαγας''<br/>''phahar''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''φαγομενορ''<br/>''phahomënor''||''φαγομενοι''<br/>''phahomënwe''
|''φαγομενος''<br/>''phahomënor''||''φαγομενοι''<br/>''phahomënwe''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
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|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''φαγομενορων''<br/>''phahamënorun''||''φαγαμενοντερ''<br/>''phahamënontër''
|''φαγομενοςων''<br/>''phahamënorun''||''φαγαμενοντες''<br/>''phahamënontër''
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
|''φαγομενηρα''<br/>''phahamënyara''||''φαγαμεναιραι''<br/>''phahamënere''
|''φαγομενηςα''<br/>''phahamënyara''||''φαγαμεναιςαι''<br/>''phahamënere''
|-
|-
!|inanimate
!|inanimate

Revision as of 16:59, 27 April 2022

Kwenya (Κοινη) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta.

Introduction

Proto-Kwenya

Very close to 2nd century BC Egyptian Greek

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

  • μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ/ (γκ γχ = /ŋk ŋkʰ/)
  • π τ κ = /p t k/
  • β δ = /b d/
  • φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
  • σ γ = /s h/
  • ζ = /z/
  • ϝ ρ/ς λ = /w ɾ l/

Vowels

α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ ⟨a ë i o wi ya u e i yu ya yo we ũ⟩

Prosody

Stress

Stress is always initial.

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Kwenya nouns have the following template: 

STEM-case.number-(possessive suffix)

Kwenya lost gender.

Cases

γλωσσα 'tongue, language'
Singular Plural
Nominative γλωσσα
hlusa		 γλωσσαι
hluse
Vocative γλωσσα!
hlusa!		 γλωσσαι!
hluse!
Accusative γλωσσαν
hlusan		 γλωσσας
hlusar
Genitive γλωσσας
hlusar		 γλωσσων
hlusun
Illative γλωσσανεις
hlusanir		 γλωσσαςεις
hlusarir
Inessive γλωσσανδο
hlusando		 γλωσσωνενδο
hlusunëndo
Elative γλωσσαξε
hlusaksë		 γλωσσωνεξε
hlusunëksë
Adessive γλωσσαρειτ
hlusarit		 γλωσσωνειτ
hlusunit
Allative γλωσσαβαι
hlusabe		 γλωσσωμβαι
hlusumbe
Ablative γλωσσαμπο
hlusampo		 γλωσσαπο
hlusapo
Instrumental γλωσσαδω
hlusadu		 γλωσσωνδω
hlusundu
Essive γλωσσαπρε
hlusaprë		 γλωσσωμπρε
hlusumprë
Translative γλωσσανειν
hlusanin		 γλωσσαςειν
hlusarin
Abessive γλωσσαχω
hlusakhu		 γλωσσωγχω
hlusankhu
Comitative γλωσσαμε
hlusamë		 γλωσσωμμε
hlusummë

οικος 'house'
Singular Plural
Nominative οικος
wekor		 οικοι
wekwe
Vocative οικε!
wekë!		 οικοι!
wekwe!
Accusative οικον
wekon		 οικους
wekũr
Genitive οικου
wekũ		 οικων
wekun
Illative οικονεις
wekonir		 οικουςεις
wekũrir
Inessive οικουνδο
wekũndo		 οικωνενδο
wekunëndo
Elative οικουξε
wekũksë		 οικωνεξε
wekunëksë
Adessive οικουρειτ
wekũrit		 οικωνειτ
wekunit
Allative οικουβαι
wekũbe		 οικωμβαι
wekumbe
Ablative οικομπο
wekompo		 οικουπο
wekũpo
Instrumental οικουδω
wekũdu		 οικωνδω
wekundu
Essive οικουπρε
wekũprë		 οικωμπρε
wekumprë
Translative οικονειν
wekonin		 οικουςειν
wekũrin
Abessive οικουχω
wekũkhu		 οικωγχω
wekunkhu
Comitative οικουμε
wekũmë		 οικωμμε
wekummë

δωρον 'gift'
Singular Plural
Nominative δωρον
duron		 δωρα
dura
Vocative δωρον!
duron!		 δωρα!
dura!
Accusative δωρον
duron		 δωρα
dura
Genitive δωρου
durũ		 δωρων
durun
Illative δωρονεις
duronir		 δωραεις
durair
Inessive δωρουνδο δωρωνενδο
Elative δωρουξε δωρωνεξε
Adessive δωρουειτ δωρωνειτ
Allative δωρουβαι δωρωμβαι
Ablative δωρομπο δωραπο
Instrumental δωρουδω δωρωνδω
Essive δωρουπρε δωρωμπρε
Translative δωρονειν δωραειν
Abessive δωρουχω δωρωγχω
Comitative δωρουμε δωρωμμε

πολις 'city'
Singular Plural
Nominative πολις πολες
Vocative πολι! πολερ!
Accusative πολιν πολες
Genitive πολιως πολιων
Illative πολινεις πολεςεις
Inessive πολιωνδο πολιωνενδο
Elative πολιωξε πολιωνεξε
Adessive πολιωρειτ πολιωνειτ
Allative πολιωβαι πολιωμβαι
Ablative πολιμπο πολεπο
Instrumental πολιωδω πολιωνδω
Essive πολιωπρε πολιωμπρε
Translative πολινειν πολεςειν
Abessive πολιωχω πολιωγχω
Comitative πολιωμε πολιωμμε

Possessive suffixes

γλωσσαμου, γλωσσασου, γλωσσατου, γλωσσαμων, γλωσσασων, γλωσσατων = my language, ...

Adjectives

Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative forms that agree by number, animacy and gender. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs. also -wir, -ia, -wi < ύς-εία-ύ‎

καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense
Singular Plural
male καλος
kalor		 καλοι
kale
female καλη
kalya		 καλαι
kale
inanimate καλον
kalon		 καλα
kala
attributive καλ(ο)-
kal(o)-


καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense
Singular Plural
male καλορων
kalorun		 καλοντες
kalontër
female καληρα
kalyara		 καλαιςαι
kalere
inanimate καλονον
kalonon		 καλαντα
kalanta
attributive καλομοντ
kalomont


καλος 'good' (1st decl.); imperative
Singular Plural
active καλοστι!
kalosti!		 καλοστε!
kalostë!

ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.)
Singular Plural
male ευγενης
yuhënyar		 ευγενεις
yuhënir
female ευγενης
yuhënyar		 ευγενεις
yuhënir
inanimate ευγενες
yuhënër		 ευγενη
yuhënya
attributive ευγεν(ο)-
yuhën(o)-


ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); past tense
Singular Plural
male ευγενηρων
yuhënyarun		 ευγενειντες
yuhënintër
female ευγενηςα
yuhënyara		 ευγενειςαι
yuhënire
inanimate ευγενερον
yuhënëron		 ευγενηντα
yuhënyanta
attributive ευγενομοντ
yuhënomont


ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative
Singular Plural
active ευγενοστι!
yuhënosti!		 ευγενοστε!
yuhënostë!


Verbs

Two voices: active, passive

Principal parts: present stem, past stem

φαγων 'eat' - present active
Singular Plural
male φαγων
phahun		 φαγοντες
phahontër
female φαγουςα
phahũra		 φαγουραι
phahũre
inanimate φαγον
phahon		 φαγοντα
phahonta
attributive φαγοντ
phahont


φαγων 'eat' - past active
Singular Plural
male φαγας
phahar		 φαγαντες
phahantër
female φαγαςα
phahara		 φαγαραι
phahare
inanimate φαγαν
phahan		 φαγαντα
phahanta
attributive φαγας
phahar


φαγων 'eat' - imperative active
Singular Plural
active φαγε!
phahë!		 φαγετε!
phahëtë!


φαγων 'eat' - present passive
Singular Plural
male φαγομενος
phahomënor		 φαγομενοι
phahomënwe
female φαγομενη
phahomënya		 φαγομεναι
phahomëne
inanimate φαγομενον
phahomënon		 φαγομενα
phahomëna
attributive φαγομεν
phahomën


φαγων 'eat' - past passive
Singular Plural
male φαγομενοςων
phahamënorun		 φαγαμενοντες
phahamënontër
female φαγομενηςα
phahamënyara		 φαγαμεναιςαι
phahamënere
inanimate φαγαμενονον
phahamënonon		 φαγαμεναντα
phahamënanta
attributive φαγομενομοντ
phahomënomont


φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive
Singular Plural
active φαγομεστι!
phahomësti!		 φαγομεστε!
phahomëstë!


Numbers

All numbers are indeclinable:

1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka

11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)

100: ëkaton

1000: khilya

Syntax

Constituent order

Kwenya syntax is similar to Finnish.

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Kwenya_Greek&oldid=269686"