Ipeyól: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
 
Ipeyól phonology is markedly different from Spanish's due to a combination of diachronic and language-contact influences. Ipeyól has a richer consonant and vowel inventory.
===History===
Palatalization
Voiceless stops palatalized before front vowels or /j/. Additionally,


Consonant Inventory
Consonant Inventory
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|<div style="text-align: center;">p<sup>2</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">p<sup>2</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">t<sup>2, 3</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">t<sup>2, 3</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">tʃ</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">tʃ ⟨ch⟩</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">k<sup>2</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">k<sup>2</sup></div>
|-
|-
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|<div style="text-align: center;">b</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">b</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">d<sup>3</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">d<sup>3</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">dʒ⟨j⟩</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">g</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">g</div>
|-
|-
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|<div style="text-align: center;">f</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">f</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">s<sup>4</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">s<sup>4</sup></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">ʃ</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">ʃ⟨sh⟩</div>
|
|
|-
|-
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! colspan="2" |Rhotic
! colspan="2" |Rhotic
|
|
|<div style="text-align: center;">ɾ</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">ɾ⟨r⟩</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">ɹ</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">ɹ⟨rr⟩</div>
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|<div style="text-align: center;">l</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">l</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">j</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">j⟨y⟩</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">w</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">w</div>
|}
|}
# Ipeyól has a syllabic nasal, written in the orthography as <ń>. It, like the nasals themselves, generally assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant, such that ''ilsńbreru'', 'hat' is pronounced /il.zm̩.bɾe.ɾu/. The distinctions between the nasals are neutralized in some environments. For example, before a final /p/, /t/ or /k/ there is nearly always only one nasal sound that can appear in each case: [m], [n] or [ŋ] respectively. This effect can even occur across syllable or word boundaries.
# Ipeyól has a syllabic nasal, written in the orthography as <ń>. It, like the nasals themselves, generally assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant, such that ''ilsńbreru'', 'hat' is pronounced /il.zm̩.bɾe.ɾu/. The distinctions between the nasals are neutralized in some environments. For example, before a final /p/, /t/ or /k/ there is nearly always only one nasal sound that can appear in each case: [m], [n] or [ŋ] respectively. This effect can even occur across syllable or word boundaries.
# The allophones of /p t k/ are aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] when they occur in the onset of a stressed syllable, as in ''tumár'' [tʰu.maɾ].
# The voiceless stops /p t k/ are unaspirated.
# /t/ and /d/ are very often pronounced as a tap [ɾ] between a preceding stressed vowel and another vowel. The tap may occur in word boundaries.
# /t/ and /d/ are very often pronounced as a tap [ɾ] between a preceding stressed vowel and another vowel. The tap may occur in word boundaries.
# The phoneme /s/ is voiced before and after voiced consonants, as in ''ilsirrlu'' [il.ziɹ.lu].
# The phoneme /s/ is voiced before and after voiced consonants, as in ''ilsirrlu'' [il.ziɹ.lu].
Ipeyól has incorporated many words containing the voiceless alveolar affricates [t͡s] and  [t͡ɬ], present in many indigenous languages of Mexico




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===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===


==Morphology==
==Morphology and Grammar==
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Latest revision as of 19:02, 1 May 2025


Introduction

Vowel inventory Consonant inventory Syllable structure Stress Intonation

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Phonology

Ipeyól phonology is markedly different from Spanish's due to a combination of diachronic and language-contact influences. Ipeyól has a richer consonant and vowel inventory.

History

Palatalization Voiceless stops palatalized before front vowels or /j/. Additionally,

Consonant Inventory

Consonant phonemes
Labial Dental/Alv. Palatal/Postalv. Velar/Glottal
Nasal
m1
n1
Stop voiceless
p2
t2, 3
tʃ ⟨ch⟩
k2
voiced
b
d3
dʒ⟨j⟩
g
Fricative voiceless
f
s4
ʃ⟨sh⟩
voiced
v
z
Rhotic
ɾ⟨r⟩
ɹ⟨rr⟩
Liquid
l
j⟨y⟩
w
  1. Ipeyól has a syllabic nasal, written in the orthography as <ń>. It, like the nasals themselves, generally assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant, such that ilsńbreru, 'hat' is pronounced /il.zm̩.bɾe.ɾu/. The distinctions between the nasals are neutralized in some environments. For example, before a final /p/, /t/ or /k/ there is nearly always only one nasal sound that can appear in each case: [m], [n] or [ŋ] respectively. This effect can even occur across syllable or word boundaries.
  2. The voiceless stops /p t k/ are unaspirated.
  3. /t/ and /d/ are very often pronounced as a tap [ɾ] between a preceding stressed vowel and another vowel. The tap may occur in word boundaries.
  4. The phoneme /s/ is voiced before and after voiced consonants, as in ilsirrlu [il.ziɹ.lu].

Ipeyól has incorporated many words containing the voiceless alveolar affricates [t͡s] and [t͡ɬ], present in many indigenous languages of Mexico


Syllable structure Stress Intonation

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Orthography

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology and Grammar

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources