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==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
:'''''ell nabarchaʟ pidantaboʟ caᴛhasog mel offonog medyffyl mel ŷrficheʟyl. awarcaʟych ynarw nioddathiae mel | :'''''ell nabarchaʟ pidantaboʟ caᴛhasog mel offonog medyffyl mel ŷrficheʟyl. awarcaʟych ynarw nioddathiae mel idinanfiae, mel gwêɴᴛ coʟ naᴅant orwar orwarych sagwdarathweth owiyl.''''' | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== |
Revision as of 01:06, 19 September 2016
Todo
- yɴfi = truth
Introduction
Tveðo is a Dravidian language spoken in Lõis's Madagascar. It is inspired by Welsh, chemical names and Medh Nghêl.
- 1-10: ont, rhant, mwnt, nant, aent, awr, êzh, eᴛh, ompath, path
- 20-100: îrffath, mwffath, nawsffath, aeffath, awrffath, êzhffath, eᴛhffath, toɴhwr, nwr
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | voiceless | mh /m̊/ | nh /n̊/ | ɴh /ɳ̊/ | ngh /ŋ̊/ | ||
voiced | m /m/ | n /n/ | ɴ /ɳ/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||
Stop | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | ᴛ /ʈ/ | c /k/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | ᴅ /ɖ/ | g /g/ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | ph, ff /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | sh, ᴛh /ʂ/ | ch /χ/ | h /h/ |
voiced | f /v/ | dd /ð/ | z /z/ | zh, ᴅᴅ /ʐ~ɻ/ | |||
Liquid | voiceless | ll /ɬ/ | rh /r̥/ | ʟʟ /ꞎ/ | |||
voiced | l /l/ | r /r/ | ʟ /ɭ/ | ||||
Approximant | w /w/ |
Vowels
a â ae aw e ê ei i î o ô oe w y
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Tveðo nouns decline in 7 cases and two numbers. The declension system is rather complex as each noun displays several different principal parts and and ending allomorphs also vary based on the noun.
General noun paradigm | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | [0] | [2]c(h)aʟ |
Accusative | [1]i (-ae after i) | [2]c(h)aʟi |
Genitive | [3] + nasal mutation | [2]c(h)eʟ + nasal mutation |
Dative | [1]ych | [2]c(h)aʟych |
Locative | [1]ol | [2]c(h)aʟol |
Ablative | [1]ynol | [2]c(h)aʟynol |
Instrumental | [3]yl | [2]c(h)eʟyl |
The declension is best illustrated with example nouns:
pawl 'kind' | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | pawl | pawlchaʟ |
Accusative | pawli | pawlchaʟi |
Genitive | pawl + nasal mutation | pawlcheʟ + nasal mutation |
Dative | pawlych | pawlchaʟych |
Locative | pawlol | pawlchaʟol |
Ablative | pawlynol | pawlchaʟynol |
Instrumental | pawlyl | pawlcheʟyl |
mara 'tree' | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | mara | marancaʟ |
Accusative | marathi | marancaʟi |
Genitive | mareth + nasal mutation | maranceʟ + nasal mutation |
Dative | marathych | marancaʟych |
Locative | marathol | marancaʟol |
Ablative | marathynol | marancaʟynol |
Instrumental | marethyl | maranceʟyl |
maga 'son' | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | maga | magancaʟ |
Accusative | magani | magancaʟi |
Genitive | magen + nasal mutation | maganceʟ + nasal mutation |
Dative | maganych | magancaʟych |
Locative | maganol | magancaʟol |
Ablative | maganynol | magancaʟynol |
Instrumental | magenyl | maganceʟyl |
myᴛhi 'egg' | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | myᴛhi | myᴛhichaʟ |
Accusative | myᴛhiae | myᴛhichaʟi |
Genitive | myᴛhi + nasal mutation | myᴛhicheʟ + nasal mutation |
Dative | myᴛhich | myᴛhichaʟych |
Locative | myᴛhiol | myᴛhichaʟol |
Ablative | myᴛhinol | myᴛhichaʟynol |
Instrumental | myᴛhiyl | myᴛhicheʟyl |
gwîᴅ 'house' | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | gwîᴅ | gwîᴛhcaʟ |
Accusative | gwîᴛhi | gwîᴛhcaʟi |
Genitive | gwîᴛh + nasal mutation | gwîᴛhceʟ + nasal mutation |
Dative | gwîᴛhych | gwîᴛhcaʟych |
Locative | gwîᴛhol | gwîᴛhcaʟol |
Ablative | gwîᴛhynol | gwîᴛhcaʟynol |
Instrumental | gwîᴛhyl | gwîᴛhceʟyl |
Adjectives
Adjectives do not agree with nouns but are conjugated like verbs in predicative position. Attributive adjectives are unmarked.
Examples of attributive adjectives:
- nall 'good'; peri 'big'; cinh 'small'; pazhae 'old'; pydi 'new'
Conjugation of predicative adjectives (present tense):
Personal endings | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
1 | -e | -w |
2 | -ae | -iaʟ |
3.c | -or | -oʟ |
3.n | -ad | -an |
Example:
- 1sg: nalle; perie
- 2sg: nallae; periae
- 3sg.c: nallor; perior
- 3sg.n: nallad; periad
- 1pl: nallw; periw
- 2pl: nalliaʟ, periaʟ
- 3pl.c: nalloʟ, perioʟ
- 3pl.n: nallan, perian
Adverbs are formed from adjectives with the suffix -og: nallog 'well', pydiog 'again'.
Verbs
Conjugation of sei 'do':
sei- | Non-past | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
1 | sei·b·e | sei·b·w |
2 | sei·b·ae | sei·b·iaʟ |
3.c | sei·b·or | sei·b·oʟ |
3.n | sei·b·ad | sei·b·an |
sei- | Past | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
1 | sei·d·e | sei·d·w |
2 | sei·d·ae | sei·d·iaʟ |
3.c | sei·d·or | sei·d·oʟ |
3.n | sei·d·ad | sei·d·an |
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
UDHR, Article 1
- ell nabarchaʟ pidantaboʟ caᴛhasog mel offonog medyffyl mel ŷrficheʟyl. awarcaʟych ynarw nioddathiae mel idinanfiae, mel gwêɴᴛ coʟ naᴅant orwar orwarych sagwdarathweth owiyl.